1

UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

H. A. (Skip) Ingley, PhD, PEAssociate Professor in Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringOffice: rm 228, MAEB buildingOffice phone 392-9929, home 377-0078, cell 284-0997

Email: ingley@ufl.edu

Web site: http://plaza.ufl.edu/ingley or mae course website

Homework and notes posted on web site daily.

Note: lectures purged periodically so keep up with these!

There is “board work” in class, so you need to come. Don’t just rely on Powerpoint notes.

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

Grading –Homework

25% Exam No. 1

25%Exam No. 2

25%Project (written 20% and oral 5%)

25%

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

Week of TopicJan 7

The Global Energy PerspectiveJan 14

Energy AssessmentJan 21

Energy AuditsJan 28

Energy Audits cont’d. Project assignmentFeb 4

Cost Estimating, SPB and LCC AnalysesFeb 11

Operational and Maintenance Conservation

MeasuresFeb 18

Energy Conservation MeasuresFeb 25

Lighting ECMs

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

Mar 3

Motor ECMsMar 5

Exam No. 1 (review during one period)Mar 17

HVAC ECMs, heat recovery ECMs,

alternative energy useMar 24

Energy Use CalculationsMar 31

Refrigeration analysis, combustion analysis,

environmental impactsApril 7

Green building technologies, LEEDsApril 14

Projects due, presentations in classApril 21

Exam No. 2

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy ManagementWorld Energy Consumption

Year 1015Btu (1.055EJ, Exa Joules)

1970 207

1975 243

1980 285

1990 348

2001 404

2010 471

2020 568

2025 623

Source: International Energy Outlook 2001 and US DOE 2001

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy ManagementNorth American Oil Consumption

Year 1015Btu (1.055EJ, Exa Joules)

1990 40.4

2001 45.9

2010 54.2

2020 64.3

2025 69.3

Source: International Energy Outlook 2003 and US DOE 2003

Note: world oil consumption for 2020 is projected at 250 Quads, North America would be about 28% of that. North America population is 6.7% of world population.

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

(2000-2025) Total World Oil Resources US Resources

Proved Reserves 1,212 billion barrels 22.45

Reserve Growth 730 billion barrels 76.03

Undiscovered 938 billion barrels 83.03

Includes crude oil and natural gas plant liquids

Source:US Geological Survey, 2000

Energy content: 5.8x106 Btu/bbl

1,212 billion barrels is approx.

equal to 7030 Quads. We ave. 244 Quads/yr consumption for this time period for a total of 6100 Quads!! That leaves enough to get to 2029 if we could keep the use at 244 Quads/yr.

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

EJ = Exa(1018)Joules

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

PRODUCTION - United States  (1998)

COMMODITY

1998 PRODUCTION  QUAD BTU 1

Percent of Total Production

1998 PRODUCTION in 

NATIVE UNITS2

Oil  13.2 18.1 % 6.25 MB/D 

Natural gas  19.5 26.7 % 18.86 tcf/year 

Coal  23.8 32.6 % 1118.7 million short tons 

Nuclear  7.2 9.8 % 673.7 billion kWh

Renewable  6.7 9.2 % 75.7 billion kWh

Hydroelectric  3.4 4.7 % 324.1 billion kWh

Other  2.6 (by difference) 3.6 %  

TOTAL 72.9    

1 EIA Annual Energy Review 1998 2 EIA International Energy Annual 1998     [Back] 

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

CONSUMPTION - United States  (1998)

  1998 CONSUMPTION

 QUAD BTU 1

Percent of  Total

Consumption

1998 DEMAND in  NATIVE UNITS 2

Oil 36.57 38.8 % 18.92 million barrels/day

Natural Gas 21.84 23.2 % 21.34 tcf/year

Coal 21.62 22.9 % 1038 million short tons/year

Nuclear 7.16 7.6 % 674 billion kWh/year

Hydroelectric 3.60 3.8 % 344 billion kWh/year

Geothermal 0.32 0.3 % 75.7 billion kWh/year (total other3)

Biomass 3.05 3.2 %  

Solar 0.07 0.07 %  

Wind 0.04 0.04 %  

TOTAL 94.27 100 %  

1 EIA Annual Energy Review 1998 2 EIA International Energy Annual 1998 3 Includes biomass, geothermal, solar, wind.     [Back] 

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

Consumption in 1997 by sector:  - United States

Transportation 25.04 quads 27%

Industrial 35.43 quads 38%

Residential & commercial 33.74 quads 36%

TOTAL 94.21 quads  

EIA Annual Energy Review 1998 (published January 2000)     [Back] 

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

Consumption - United States  vs.  World  (1998)

  U.S. World % U.S. Total1

Oil 18.92 million barrels/day 73.6 million barrels/day 40 %

Natural Gas 21.34 tcf/year 82.2 tcf/year 23 %

Coal 1.04 billion tons/year 5.01 billion tons/year 23 %

1 Calculated on a Btu basis     [Back] 

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

World Oil Consumption

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Millionbarrelsper day

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

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Millionbarrelsper day

China United States Other Countries

Total Consumption

Annual Growth

Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2007

Forecast

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Energy Management

U.S. Total Electricity Consumption

2.6%1.8%

3.7%

1.7%

2.8%

-0.7%

2.1%

0.8%1.2%

2.8%

0.2%

1.9%

0.3%

0123456789

10111213

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Billionkilowatthours

per day

-2%-1%0%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9%10%11%

ChangefromPriorYear

Annual Growth

Consumption

Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2007

Forecast

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Wedges for mitigation

“For every complex problem there is an answer that is clear, simple, and wrong.”H. L. Mencken

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

We need at least 7 wedges

William Chameides

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Responses among the states

GHG Emissions TargetsGHG Emissions Targets Climate Action PlansClimate Action Plans Renewable PortfoliosRenewable Portfolios

GHG Reporting RegistriesGHG Reporting Registries Efficiency StandardsEfficiency Standards Regional Climate InitiativesRegional Climate Initiatives

The costs of climate change for Florida are possibly the highest of any state

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Florida emissions among US states

Overall, Florida ranks 6th among the states in total CO2 emissions

Center for Climate Strategies

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Florida

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UNIVERSITY OF

FLORIDA

Gains from efficiency & renewables

Source: ACEEE 2007

The Bottom Line• 45% of Florida’s electric power can be met by efficiency savings and renewables by 2023.• Florida generates 0.1% from renewables; national average = 2.3%.• Savings in electricity costs over 15 years could total $84 billion.