University of California Cooperative Extensioncesantabarbara.ucdavis.edu/files/75263.pdf0 0.5 1 1.5...
36
Santa Maria, CA Research Results from Coastal Program for Off-season Fresh Market Blueberries Mark Gaskell Farm Advisor – Santa Maria Statewide Small Farm Program University of California Cooperative Extension
Transcript of University of California Cooperative Extensioncesantabarbara.ucdavis.edu/files/75263.pdf0 0.5 1 1.5...
Santa Maria, CA
Research Results from Coastal Program forOff-season Fresh Market Blueberries
Mark GaskellFarm Advisor – Santa Maria
Statewide Small Farm Program
University of California
Cooperative Extension
Santa Maria, CA
OverviewOverview
OffOff--season blueberry production and marketingseason blueberry production and marketing
►► Market histories Market histories –– price trends price trends
►► Sources by period Sources by period -- domestic domestic vsvs importimport
►► Target market windowTarget market window
►► Characteristics and performance of SHBCharacteristics and performance of SHBblueberry varieties blueberry varieties
►► Cultural practices also importantCultural practices also important
Santa Maria, CA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 Ja
n 1
Feb 1
Mar 1
Apr 1
May 1
Jun
1 Ju
l 1
Aug 1
Sep 1
Oct 1
Nov 1
Dec$
/ fla
t (12
-6oz
)3 Year Average Wholesale Fresh Blueberry Prices3 Year Average Wholesale Fresh Blueberry Prices
L.A. Terminal Market 1998 L.A. Terminal Market 1998 -- 20002000
Santa Maria, CA
0102030405060
1 Jan
1 Feb
1 Mar
1 Apr
1 May
1 Jun 1
Jul 1
Aug 1
Sep 1
Oct 1
Nov 1
Dec
$ Pe
r Fla
t
CH NZ CD ARG
2000 Wholesale Fresh Blueberry PricesL.A. Terminal Market
Imported Fruit
CD – 12 / 1 pt
Santa Maria, CA
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 Jan
1 Feb 1 Mar 1 Apr 1 May 1 Ju
n 1 Ju
l 1 Aug 1 Sep 1 Oct 1 Nov 1 Dec
$ P
er F
lat
FL CA GA OR
2000 Wholesale Fresh Blueberry PricesL.A. Terminal Market
Domestic Sources
Santa Maria, CA
3 - year Average Wholesale Prices for Fresh BlueberriesL.A. Terminal Market 1998 - 2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 Ja
n 1
Feb
1 Mar
1 Apr
1 May 1
Jun
1 Ju
l 1
Aug 1
Sep 1
Oct 1
Nov 1
Dec
$ pe
r Fla
t
Target Market Window
Santa Maria, CA
Santa Maria, CA
Fresh Blueberry Wholesale Prices Los Angeles Terminal Market - 2003
02468
10121416
1-Jan
31-Jan
2-Mar
1-Apr
1-May
31-May
30-Jun
30-Jul
29-A
ug28
-Sep28
-Oct
27-N
ov27
-DecW
hole
sale
Pric
e ($
/lb
HighLow
Santa Maria, CA
Weekly Wholesale Fresh Blueberry PricesLos Angeles Terminal Market - 2004
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan 1
Jan 5
Feb 4
Mar
4 Apr
3 M
ay 3
Jun 3
Jul 2
Aug 2
Sep 2
Oct 1 Nov
1 Dec
1 Dec
5
Month / Week
CLCA ORNZFLCDNJAG
$ / F
lat
Santa Maria, CA
Overview Overview -- Blueberry Field Trials Blueberry Field Trials
Emphasis on off-season production
► Overall yield
► Production to target market window- wholesale market – earliness is essential- direct sales – early valuable, extended?
► Cultural practices- acidification, spacing, protected cropping
► Other horticultural characteristics- size, flavor, plant vigor, shelf life
Santa Maria, CA
Southern High bush Blueberry Cultivars Evaluated Southern High bush Blueberry Cultivars Evaluated in Coastal Field Trials 1997in Coastal Field Trials 1997--20052005
SampsonSampson
EmeraldEmerald
JewellJewell
WindsorWindsor
MilleniaMillenia
MarimbaMarimba
Blue CrispBlue Crisp
MistyMisty
SouthmoonSouthmoon
SharpblueSharpblue
JubileeJubileePearl RiverPearl River
SummitSummitBladenBladen
OzarkblueOzarkblueBlue RidgeBlue Ridge
Sunshine BlueSunshine BlueDuplin Duplin
Cape FearCape FearStarStar
Georgia GemGeorgia GemLegacyLegacy
ReveilleReveilleGulf CoastGulf Coast
ONealONealCooperCooper
Southern BelleSouthern BelleSaphireSaphire
Santa FeSanta FeBiloxiBiloxi
Santa Maria, CAXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXGeorgia GemGeorgia Gem
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXONealONealXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMisty Misty
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXJubileeJubilee
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMarimbaMarimba
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXSouth MoonSouth Moon
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXBlue CrispBlue Crisp
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXSharpblueSharpblueXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXEmeraldEmeraldXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXGulf CoastGulf CoastXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXSanta FeSanta Fe
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXStarStarXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXSaphireSaphireXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXJewellJewell
5/285/28--6/36/35/205/20--27275/135/13--19195/55/5--12124/284/28--5/45/44/204/20--2727
4/124/12--4/194/19
Southern Highbush Blueberry Ripening Periods - Florida
Santa Maria, CA
0
10
20
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40
50
60
1 Jan
1 Feb
1 Mar
1 Apr
1 May
1 Jun
1 Jul
$ pe
r Fla
t
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Price S. Luis Obispo KAC1 San Diego Co
California Fresh Blueberry Market Windows
Santa Maria, CA
Weekly Fresh Blueberry Yield Carpinteria, CA - 2003 season
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
2/28 3/15 3/30 4/14 4/29 5/14 5/29 6/13
Month / Day
Yiel
d (g
ram
s /p
lant
BiloxiBlue CrispCape FearCooperEmeraldGeorgia GemGulf CoastJewellJubileeMarimbaMistyO'NealOzarkblueReveilleSampsonSanta FeSharpblueSouthmoonStarS hi bl
Santa Maria, CA
Weekly Yield of Selected SHB Blueberry VarietiesCarpinteria, CA - 2003
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
3/10 3/30 4/19 5/9 5/29 6/18 7/8Month / Day
Mar
keta
ble
Yiel
d (g
ram
s / p
lant
)BiloxiBlue CrispEmeraldGulf CoastJewellMistySanta FeSharpblueSouthmoonStarSunshineblue
Planted 2001
Santa Maria, CA
Weekly Fruit Size of Selected SHB Blueberry VarietiesCarpinteria, CA - 2003 season
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
2/28 3/30 4/29 5/29 6/28Month / Day
Wei
ght /
frui
t (gr
ams)
EmeraldGulf CoastJewellMistySharpblueSouthmoonStarSunshineblue
Other varieties?Millenia, Windsor
Santa Maria, CA
Weekly Fresh Blueberry Yield Whitney Ranch – Carpinteria, CA 2004
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
2/13
2/23 3/4 3/14
3/24 4/3 4/13
4/23 5/3 5/13
Date
Berr
y Yi
eld
(gm
/ pla
nt)
Biloxi
Emerald
Gulf Coast
Jewell
Misty
Santa Fe
Saphire
Sharpblue
Southmoon
Star
Sunshine Blue
Carpinteria, CA -
Saphire planted2003
Santa Maria, CA
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
2/13 2/23 3/43/14 3/24 4/34/13 4/23 5/35/13
Date
Frui
t Wei
ght (
grm
/frui
t)BiloxiBlue CrispEmeraldJewellMistySanta FeSaphireSharpblueStarSunshine Blue
Carpinteria, CA - 2004
Fruit size rating among varieties similar across
dates and years
Santa Maria, CA
Weekly Fresh Blueberry YieldCarpinteria, CA - 2005
0
50
100
150
200
250
3/9/20
05
3/16/2
005
3/23/2
005
3/30/2
005
4/6/20
05
4/13/2
005
Sharpblue
Southmoon
MistyBlue Crisp
Millenia2/04
Winsor 2/04Jewell
Santa Fe
BiloxiStar
Emerald
Saphire
Mar
keta
ble
Yiel
d (g
ram
/pla
nt)
Planted 2001
Santa Maria, CA
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
1-Apr 6-Apr 11-Apr 16-Apr 21-Apr 26-Apr 1-May 6-May 11-MayDate
Sharpblue Misty Blue Crisp Jewell So BelleBiloxi Star Emerald Saphire
Gra
ms
/ pla
nt
Weekly Yield of Selected Blueberry Cultivars – SLO 2005
Planted 02/03
Santa Maria, CA
Weekly Average Fruit Weight Selected SHB Blueberries - SLO, 2005
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
4/3 4/10
4/17
4/24 5/1 5/8
Date
Southmoon
Blue Crisp
MilleniaWindsor
Jewell
So. Belle
StarEmerald
Saphire
Gra
m p
er F
ruit
Santa Maria, CA
Weekly Wholesale Fresh Blueberry PricesLos Angeles Terminal Market 2005
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Jan 1
Jan 3
Feb 1 Feb 3 M
ar 1
Mar
3 Apr
1 Apr
3 M
ay 1
May
3
Month / Week
ChileNew ZealandFloridaCalifornia
$ / f
lat (
12-4
.4oz
)
Santa Maria, CA
Weekly Wholesale Price LA VS Weekly Yield San Luis Obispo - 2005
050
100150200250300350400
3-Apr
6-Apr
10-Apr
16-Apr
21-Apr
28-Apr3-M
ay8-M
ay
05101520253035404550
Jewell Emerald Chile California
Gra
ms
/ pla
nt$ / tray (12-4.4oz)
Santa Maria, CA
????MilleniaMillenia? promising ? promising NTNTBiloxiBiloxi
NTNT??WindsorWindsormid, lowmid, lowMarimbaMarimba
WannabeWannabe
Sunshine BlueSunshine Blue
StarStar
SouthmoonSouthmoon
SharpblueSharpblue
Santa FeSanta Fe
SampsonSampson
ReveilleReveille
OzarkblueOzarkblue
O'NealO'Neal
MistyMisty
VarietyVariety
low ?low ?
low ?low ?
Early, highEarly, high
promisingpromising
Early, highEarly, high
? low? low
late, high chilllate, high chill
late, high chilllate, high chill
late / high chilllate / high chill
mid, lowmid, low
??
San Luis ObispoSan Luis Obispo
? mid, low? mid, low
OutstandingOutstanding
mid, averagemid, average
mid, lowmid, low
OutstandingOutstanding
late, high chilllate, high chill
late, high chilllate, high chill
promisingpromising
CarpinteriaCarpinteria
OutstandingOutstanding
mid, averagemid, average
mid, lowmid, low
OutstandingOutstanding
late, high chilllate, high chill
late, high chilllate, high chill
mid, averagemid, average
Late, high chillLate, high chill
??
San Luis ObispoSan Luis Obispo CarpinteriaCarpinteriaVarietyVariety
MagnoliaMagnolia
PromisingPromisingJubileeJubilee
Early, highEarly, highJewellJewell
promisingpromisingGulf CoastGulf Coast
Early, highEarly, highGeorgia GemGeorgia Gem
EmeraldEmerald
late, high chilllate, high chillDuplinDuplin
Late, high Late, high chilchilCooperCooper
Late, high chillLate, high chillCape FearCape Fear
??Blue RidgeBlue Ridge
promisingpromisingBlue CrispBlue Crisp
Santa Maria, CA
Star
Emerald
Santa Maria, CA
Promising SHB blueberries for Promising SHB blueberries for coastal Californiacoastal California
►► EmeraldEmerald►► JewellJewell►► StarStar►► SharpblueSharpblue►► MistyMisty►► MilleniaMillenia►► WindsorWindsor►► Others?Others?
Santa Maria, CA
April 16, 2004 Harvest
Plant Spacing
Ber
ry Y
ield
(g/p
lot) Variety / Row
Misty 1XMisty 2XSharp 1XSharp 2X
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
18 24 30
Plant Spacing Trials
Santa Maria, CA
May 4, 2004 Harvest
Plant Spacing (in)
Ber
ry Y
ield
(g/p
lot)
Variety / RowsMisty 1XMisty 2XSharp 1XSharp 2X
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
18 24 30
Plant Spacing Trials
Santa Maria, CA
Yield of Misty Blueberries at Varying Plant Spacing
0
50
100
150
200
250
18 24 30 36Plant Spacing (inches)
Mar
keta
ble
Yiel
d (g
ram
/plant
)
Santa Maria, CA
Firmness Changes With HarvestRachel
Variety
Marimba Misty Sharpblue Southmoon Star
Ber
ry fi
rmne
ss (g
/mm
)
150
200
250
300
350
400 Harvest 1Harvest 2Harvest 3
Santa Maria, CA
Soluble Solids to Titratable Acidity RatioRachel
Variety
Marimba Misty Sharpblue Southmoon Star
Rat
io
0
10
20
30
40
Harvest 1Harvest 2Harvest 3
Santa Maria, CA
Harvest 1
Ber
ry F
irmne
ss (g
/mm
)
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
AirCA
Harvest 3
Storage TimeInitial 1wk 3wk
150
200
250
300
350
400
Firmness Change in StorageMisty, Rachel
Santa Maria, CA
Santa Maria, CA
Fresh Blueberry Wholesale Prices Los Angeles Terminal Market - 2002
02468
10121416
1-Jan
31-Jan
2-Mar1-Apr
1-May31-May30-Ju
n30-Ju
l29-Aug28-Sep28-Oct27-Nov27-Dec
Who
lesa
le P
rice
($/lb
Santa Maria, CA
Fresh market blueberry production on coastal Fresh market blueberry production on coastal California small farms California small farms
-- R&D Program future directions R&D Program future directions --
►► Still very young program Still very young program –– earliest trials in 1997earliest trials in 1997-- limited no. varieties initially; other varieties addedlimited no. varieties initially; other varieties added
►► Continue variety evaluations Continue variety evaluations -- weekly production during critical market window (s)weekly production during critical market window (s)
►► Flavor / fruit quality X harvest periodFlavor / fruit quality X harvest period
►► Cultural Practices to intensify productionCultural Practices to intensify production√√ -- protected cropping with tunnels,protected cropping with tunnels,√√ -- high density plantingshigh density plantings
Santa Maria, CA
Research Results from Coastal Program forOff-season Fresh Market Blueberries
Mark GaskellFarm Advisor – Santa Maria
Statewide Small Farm Program
University of California
Cooperative Extension
