From Atomic to NVFrom Atomic to NV--diamond Magnetometersdiamond Magnetometers

+ a glimpse of future applications+ a glimpse of future applications

Victor M. Acosta and Victor M. Acosta and Dmitry BudkerDmitry BudkerUniversity of California at BerkeleyUniversity of California at Berkeley

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OutlineOutline

O ti l t i t tO ti l t i t t Optical atomic magnetometersOptical atomic magnetometers

R tR t d t tid t ti MRIMRI RemoteRemote--detection detection MRIMRI

NMRNMR on boardon board microfluidic chipsmicrofluidic chips NMR NMR on board on board microfluidic chipsmicrofluidic chips

ZeroZero--field Jfield J--couplingcoupling spectroscopyspectroscopy ZeroZero--field Jfield J--coupling coupling spectroscopyspectroscopy

Beyond atomic vapor: GMR andBeyond atomic vapor: GMR and NV diamondNV diamond Beyond atomic vapor: GMR and Beyond atomic vapor: GMR and NV diamondNV diamond

NVNV--diamonddiamond work at UCB physicswork at UCB physics

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NVNV diamond diamond work at UCB physicswork at UCB physics

AllAll--opticaloptical magnetometersmagnetometers

PumpPump “Precession”“Precession” PrecessionPrecession ProbeProbe

33Figure from: D.B. : A new spin on magnetometryNature (News&Views) 422, 574 - 575 (2003)

Features:

• FM NMOR gradiometer

• 1-cm, near-room temp. cells

• “Piercing” solenoid

M lti t• Multi-purpose system

4REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC

INSTRUMENTS 77, 083106 2006

Experimental Set-up

5Dr. Shoujun Xu, winner, 2007 R&D 100 award for Laser-Detected MRI

First MRI with atomic First MRI with atomic magmag: 02/06: 02/06

•Channels are 3.2 mm in diameter

x 25 mm

•Center-to-center spacing: 5.1 mm

•Total experimental time: 12 h

6S. Xu, V. V. Yashchuk, M. H. Donaldson, S. M. Rochester, A. Pines and D. Budker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0605396103 (2006)

Fluid Mixing

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Not only water !

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Some other NMR/MRI applicationsSome other NMR/MRI applications(with Prof. Alex Pines’ group, UCB Chemistry)(with Prof. Alex Pines’ group, UCB Chemistry)

Erwin L. HahnAlex Pines

RelaxometryRelaxometry withwith(low(low--field benefit)field benefit) •• NQR (work in progress)NQR (work in progress)

Direct encoding (no pulsesDirect encoding (no pulses) ) C. W. Crawford, Shoujun Xu, Eric J. Siegel, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander C. W. Crawford, Shoujun Xu, Eric J. Siegel, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander Pines FluidPines Fluid flow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonanceflow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonance Applied Physics LettersApplied Physics Letters 9393(9) 092507 (2008)(9) 092507 (2008)

•• JJ--couplingcoupling

Pines, FluidPines, Fluid--flow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonance,flow characterization with nuclear spins without magnetic resonance, Applied Physics LettersApplied Physics Letters 9393(9), 092507 (2008)(9), 092507 (2008)

Imaging in porous medium (even metal)Imaging in porous medium (even metal) Shoujun Xu, Shoujun Xu, EladElad HarelHarel, David J. Michalak, , David J. Michalak, Charles W. Crawford, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander Pines, Flow in porous metallic materials: a magnetic resonance imaging studCharles W. Crawford, Dmitry Budker, and Alexander Pines, Flow in porous metallic materials: a magnetic resonance imaging study, y, Journal of Journal of Magnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetic Resonance Imaging 2828, 1299, 1299--1302 (2008) 1302 (2008)

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 10.1073/pnas.0711505105

NIST microchip

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Abe Lincoln

Erwin L. Hahn, the wizard J-coupling

I2

MHf100)(Hz 200121 BIBI

II

J

HJH

I1

MHzof100s)( 2211 BIBI ZH

J

2 2

High field NMR spectrumHigh-field NMR spectrumHahn, E.L. & Maxwell, D.E. Phys. Rev. 84 1246-1247 (1952).Gutowsky, H.S., McCall, D.W., & Slichter, C.P. J. Chem. Phys. 21, 279-292 (1953).

Optical magnetometer NMR setupEncodingfor remote (90 L)

NIST fabricatedAlkali vapor cell

9mm

Detection volume~20-80 L

Prepolarizating magnetRb D1 light

Pulse sequenceSpin temperature parameters equilibrate via J-coupling interactioninteraction

Flow is stopped

13C enriched methanol CH3OH

60

80

100

al(p

T)

T1 =2.2 s11 transientsLinewidth (HWHM) 0 1 Hz

0 1 2 3 40

20

40

60

Sig

nal

a)2JHC, proton quadruplet

Linewidth (HWHM) 0.1 Hz

1

2

3

pT)

0 1 2 3 4

Time (s)

Real

-3

-2

-1

0

1

FT

(pT

b)

Imaginary

150 200 250 300

Frequency (Hz)

-3

JHC, proton doubletJHC, proton doublet

Earth field spectrum, Appelt, Häsing,Kühn, Blümich, PRA 76,023420 (2007)

ChemicalChemical--group specificitygroup specificityM.P. Ledbetter, C.W. Crawford, A. Pines, D.E. Wemmer, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, and D Budker Optical detection of NMR J spectra at zero magnetic field Journal ofD. Budker, Optical detection of NMR J-spectra at zero magnetic field, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 199 (2009) 25–29

13CH3-12CH2-OH

12CH 13CH OH12CH3-13CH2-OH

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Present Results, Limitations and DirectionsPresent Results, Limitations and Directions

M.P. Ledbetter, C.W. Crawford, A. Pines, D.E. Wemmer, S. Knappe, J. Kitching, and D. Budker, Optical detection of NMR J-spectra at zero magnetic field, Journal of Magnetic Resonance 199 (2009) 25–29

Need improve sensitivity: ~40 Need improve sensitivity: ~40 fTfT HzHz--1/2 1/2 →→ 1 1 fTfT HzHz--1/21/2p yp y

Need better Need better microfluidicsmicrofluidics; smaller volumes; smaller volumes

Work with unWork with un--enriched samples (1% Cenriched samples (1% C--13)13)

Higher polarization? Higher polarization? → → DNP, DNP, parahydrogenparahydrogen, …, …

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NMR insideNMR inside--out:out:pHpH polarization; laserpolarization; laser magmag detectiondetectionpHpH22 polarization; laserpolarization; laser--magmag detectiondetection

T TheisT. TheisP. GanssleG KG. Kervern M. P. LedbetterD. B.A. Pines

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Hydrogenation with Hydrogenation with pHpH22

Eth lbSt EthylbenzeneStyrene

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Another System: Another System: 1515N labeled pyridineN labeled pyridine

2020

Chemical DynamicsChemical Dynamicshexynehexyne öö hexenehexene öö hexanehexanehexynehexyne öö hexenehexene öö hexanehexane

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Does it have to be a vapor‐cell magnetometer?

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Sensitivity: 0.2 nT Hz-1/2 expected; 4 nT Hz-1/2 @ 1 Hz in practice

• Major recent progress by Dr. Claude Fermon and colleagues!

Magnetic Sensingwith Nitrogen Vacancy Ensembles in Diamond

V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, M. P. Ledbetter,

Recent UCB Physics NV-diamond experiments, , ,

C. Santori, K.-M. C. Fu, P. E. Barclay, R. G. Beausoleil, H. Linget, J. F. Roch, F. Treussart, S. Chemerisov, W. Gawlik, and D Budker High nitrogen vacancy densityD. Budker, High nitrogen-vacancy density diamonds for magnetometry applications, Phys. Rev. B 80, 115202 (2009) (arXiv:0903.3277)

L.-S. Bouchard, V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, and D. Budker, Detection of the MeissnerEffect with a Diamond MagnetometerEffect with a Diamond Magnetometer (http://arxiv.org/abs/0911.2533)

V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, M. P. Ledbetter, A. Waxman, L. S. Bouchard, and D. Budker, Temperature dependence of the nitrogen-vacancy magnetic resonance in diamond (arXiv:0911.3938)diamond (arXiv:0911.3938)Phys. Rev. Lett., 104, 07081 (2010)

-75 kHz/K or 25 mG/K !!!!!!

C. Kim, V. M. Acosta, E. Bauch, D. Budker, and P.

Recent UCB NV-diamond experiments (cont’d), , , ,

R. Hemmer, Electron Spin Resonance in Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond and Ionization Fraction vs. Electron Irradiation Dose (arXiv:0912 5267)(arXiv:0912.5267)

Summary:Summary:

• Atomic magnetometers for NMR/MRI detection

• Microfluidic NMR

• Zero-field J-spectra with pH2 polarization

• NV-diamond future (Monday starts on Saturday)

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AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsggErik Bauch (TU-Berlin) Amir Waxman (BGU)

Louis Bouchard, UCLA

c.w. from left: W jt k G lik (K k )

Phil Hemmer, TAMUWojtek Gawlik (Krakow), Victor Acosta, Charles Santori (HP),Dima Budker (Berkeley)( y)Heloise Linget (ENS Cachan)

Also: Lucas Zipp, A Jarmola, M. Ledbetter (Berkeley), Changdong Kim (TAMU)F. Treussart J.F. Roch

Thanks:Thanks:

Budker group

Pines group

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