UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON WESTERN INTERNATIONAL …...(b) For the measurement system shown in Figure Q1a,...
Transcript of UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON WESTERN INTERNATIONAL …...(b) For the measurement system shown in Figure Q1a,...
OCD59
UNIVERSITY OF BOLTON
WESTERN INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE FZE
BEng (HONS) IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
SEMESTER ONE EXAMINATION 2016/2017
GROUND AND WATER STUDIES 1
MODULE NO: CIE4009
Date: Saturday 14 January 2017 Time: 10.00am -1.00pm INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES: There are FIVE questions on this
paper. Answer ANY FOUR questions. Answer SECTION A and SECTION
B on separate answer books. All questions carry equal marks. Marks for parts of questions are
shown in brackets. This examination paper carries a
total of 100 marks. Formula sheet/supplementary
information is provided at the end of each section.
All working must be shown. A
numerical solution to a question obtained by programming an electronic calculator will not be accepted.
Page 2 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
SECTION A
Question 1
(a) With the aid of suitable equations briefly explain the difference between
laminar and turbulent flow in pipes.
(4 marks)
(b) For the measurement system shown in Figure Q1a, the pipeline and
manometer fluids are water and mercury respectively. The densities
are ρ= 1000kg/m3 for water and ρ=13600kg/m3 for mercury.
If x = 0.75m and h = 1.2 m, find the pressure at Y in kN/m2.
(7 marks)
Figure Q1a.
(c) A pipeline 200 mm in diameter and 10 km long transfers water between
reservoirs with water levels 350m AOD and 300m AOD respectively.
Determine the flow rate between the reservoirs if the pipe material is
having pipe wall roughness ks = 0.03mm.
HRS Tables are attached on Page 4. (8 marks)
(d) A trapezoidal canal has a bottom width of 3m and sides with a slope of
1 vertical to 2 horizontal. The depth of water is 1.2m when the
discharge is 3.51m3/s. Calculate the slope of the channel bed using the
Manning formula if Manning’s Coefficient, n = 0.022.
(6 marks)
Total 25 marks
Please turn the page
Page 3 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
Question 2
(a) A rectangular pontoon, 3m long, 1.5m wide and 0.8m high has a weight
of 9050 N. The pontoon is located in sea water of density 1025kg/m3
with its 0.8m sides vertical. The centre of gravity is at the geometric
centre of the pontoon. Calculate the metacentric height and comment
on the stability of the pontoon.
(8 marks)
(b) Briefly describe what is meant by frictional energy loss. Determine the
loss of head due to friction in a cast iron pipe 400m long and 150mm in
diameter which carries 43 l/s. Use the Darcy equation with λ = 0.02.
(4 marks)
(c) Water is discharged from a reservoir into the atmosphere through a pipe
100 m long. There is a sharp entrance to the pipe and the diameter is
75mm for 20m from the entrance. The pipe then enlarges suddenly to
150mm in diameter for the remainder of its length. A valve in the 75mm
pipe has a kL = 1.5 when fully open. Taking into account the loss of
head at entry, at the valve and at the enlargement, calculate the
difference of level between the surface of the reservoir and the pipe exit
which will maintain a flow of 10 l /s. Take λ as 0.02 for the 75mm pipe
and 0.025 for the 150mm pipe.
(13 marks)
Total 25 marks
Total 25 marks
Please turn the page for supplementary information for SECTION A
Page 4 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
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Page 5 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
Formulae Sheet
AVQ
ghP
hLhf z2g
v
ρg
Pz
2g
v
ρg
P2
2
22
1
2
11
g
vKh
LxSh
d
QL
dg
vLh
LL
f
f
2.
1.122
2
0
5
22
KL entry to pipe = 0.5 ; KL exit to pipe = 1 ;
g
vvansionsuddenhL
2
)()exp(
2
21
21
32
.. oSRn
AQ
P
AR
END OF SECTION A
Please turn the page for Section B
Page 6 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
SECTION B
Question 1
(a) Give the particle size range for fine grained soils with its soil classification
symbol. Discuss the concept of soil “plasticity” as it relates to “fine” grained
soils. Ensure that your answer outlines why soil ‘plasticity’ is important for civil
engineering earthworks.
(4 marks)
(b) Describe how Standard Penetration Test results predict the geotechnical
engineering properties when carried out in firm to stiff sandy CLAY and also in
a medium dense coarse GRAVEL. Ensure that your answer states how the
test results from an SPT test are written down and interpreted.
(5 marks)
(c) A constant head permeameter was set up contained coarse sand with an
effective size D10 of 0.12mm. The timings required to collect 250ml of water
were recorded at the following manometer readings. Determine the average
value of k and compare this with Hazen’s empirical relationship. The value for
constant C, for coarse grained soils ranges from 0.008 to 0.015. The diameter
of the sample and distance between the manometers are 100mm each
respectively.
Table Q1 (c)
Time to collect Q 2 min 25s 3 min 15s 4 min 55s
Manometer A reading (mm) 157 191 262
Manometer B reading (mm) 24 89 195
(6 marks)
Question 1 continued over the page
Page 7 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
Question 1 continued
(d) The results of a dry-sieving test on a soil sample of initial mass 217.4 g are
given below:
Table Q1 (d)
Sieve size (mm) Mass retained (g)
3.35 0
2.0 2.5
1.18 12.5
0.60 57.7
0.425 62.0
0.30 34.2
0.212 18.7
0.150 12.7
0.063 13.1
Tray 4
(i) Determine cumulative percentage passing and plot the particle size
distribution (PSD) on the chart provided in Figure Q1a on Page 8.
(8 marks)
(ii) Using the PSD curve, provide a soil classification NAME and symbol.
(2 marks)
Total 25 marks
Question1 continued over the page
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Question 1 continued
FIGURE Q1a
Candidate Number……………………….
PLEASE ATTACH THIS SHEET TO YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET
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Page 9 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
Question 2
(a) Sketch a “Soil Model Diagram” and show every term on your soil model
diagram with the corresponding ‘algebraic term’ for the respective mass and
volume of the solids, water and air.
(NOTE: Do NOT simply use the terms MA, MW, MS, VA, VW and/or VS).
(2 marks)
(b) Using the soil model diagram outlined in Q2(a) show the algebraic
expression for the following ‘soil properties’;
(i) Bulk Density, ρb
(ii) Dry Density, ρd
(iii) Degree of Saturation, Sr
(iv) Air Void Content, Av
(NOTE: Do NOT simply use the terms MA, MW, MS, VA, VW and/or VS).
(4 marks)
(c) A container containing a sample of moist soil was weighed and had a mass of
37.82g; the empty container had a mass of 16.15g. After drying, the container
and soil were weighed again and had a mass of 34.68g. Determine the void
ratio of the soil if the air-voids content is (a) zero (b) 5 per cent (Gs = 2.7)
(3 marks)
(d) A specimen of clay soil was tested in the laboratory and the following data
were collected: Mass of wet specimen, M1 = 148.8g
Mass of dry specimen, M2 = 106.2g
Volume of wet specimen, V = 86.2 cm²
Specific gravity of soil, Gs = 2.70
Question 2 continued over the page
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Question 2 continued
Determine:
(i) Moisture content %
(ii) Bulk Density , kg/m3
(iii) Dry unit weight , kN/m3
(iv) Void Ratio
(v) Porosity
(vi) Degree of saturation %
(6 marks)
(e) The results of a classification test conducted on a soil sample are shown below;
Table Q2 (a) Plastic Limit Test
Test 1 Test 2
Mass of empty tin (g) 20 21
Mass of tin + wet soil (g) 44 43.60
Mass of tin + oven dried soil (g) 39.15 39
Table Q2 (b) Liquid Limit Test
Cone penetration (mm) 15.9 17.7 19.1 20.3 21.5
Moisture content (%) 32.6 42.9 51.6 59.8 66.2
(i) Using the data above and Figure Q2a on Page 11, as appropriate,
determine the ‘Index Properties’ for this soil. Ensure that you fully define
what the ‘Index Properties’ are for fine-grained soils.
(8 marks)
(ii) Provide a soil classification name and symbol for this soil using Figure
Q2b on Page 12
(2 marks)
Total 25 marks
Question 2 continued over the page
Page 11 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
Question 2 continued
FIGURE Q2a.
PLEASE ATTACH THIS SHEET TO YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET
Candidate Number……………………….
Question 2 continued over the page
Page 12 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
Question 2 continued
FIGURE Q2b.
PLEASE ATTACH THIS SHEET TO YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET
Candidate Number……………………….
Please turn the page
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Question 3
(a) Desk study in Phase 1 of Ground Investigation is of paramount importance.
The client should be encouraged to undertake a desk study to assess the site
prior to specifying a Phase 2 ground investigation. Explain the significance of
desk study and also state the comprehensive range of reference sources
used for Phase 1 site investigation.
(6 marks)
(b) State why good quality soil sampling should be conducted. Briefly explain the
two categories of soil samples and its application.
(3 marks)
(c) A British standard 2.5kg “light” compaction test on a soil sample (Gs = 2.70)
gave the following results:
Table Q1(c)
Moisture Content (%) Bulk Density (kg/m3)
5 1870
8 2040
10 2130
13 2200
16 2160
19 2090
(i) Using the data provided in the above table, plot the compaction curve
on Figure Q3a on Page 15 to obtain the maximum dry density and the
optimum water content.
(8 marks)
Question 3 continued over the page
Page 14 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
Question 3 continued
(ii) Explain, by annotating your graph, how you would draw the 0% and 5%
air voids curve on this graph (with the water contents 10%, 14% and
18%)and explain why it does not coincide with the Line of optimum.
(6 marks)
(iii) Estimate the air void content at the maximum dry density of the soil.
(2 marks)
Total 25 marks
Question 3 continued over the page
Page 15 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
Question 3 continued
FIGURE Q3a.
PLEASE ATTACH THIS SHEET TO YOUR ANSWER BOOKLET
Candidate Number……………………….
END OF SECTION B
END OF QUESTIONS
Please turn the page for formula sheet for Section B
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Page 17 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
8 9
10. Hazen’s Formula , k = C.(D10)2
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Page 18 of 18 University of Bolton Western International College FZE BEng(Hons) Civil Engineering Semester One Examination 2016/2017 Ground and Water Studies 1 Module No. CIE4009
END OF PAPER