Universal testing machines
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Transcript of Universal testing machines
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Presentation On
Universal Testing Machine
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M Waqas Mushtaq MME-12-11 Muhammad Zubair MME-12-29 M. Faisal Maqsood MME-12-20 Muhammad Ahmad MME-12-14 Gulfam Hussain MME-12-30 Arif Ali MME-12-01
Group No 1
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Mechanics Of materials: Mechanics of materials is a branch of mechanics that develops relationships between the external loads applied to a deformable body and the intensity of internal forces acting within the body as well as the deformations of the body. Stress Strain
Introduction
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Stress Strain Diagram
Proportional limit
Elastic limit Yield Point Yield Strength Necking point Rupture Point
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Necking & Rupture
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Universal Testing Machine
The results from the test are commonly used to select a material for an application, for quality control, and to predict how a material will react under other types of forces. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength, maximum elongation and reduction in area. From these measurements the following properties can also be determined: Young's modulus, yield strength, and strain-hardening characteristics.
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Tensile Test Compressive Test Tortion Test Shear Bending
Test Function
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COMPONENTS
Load cell Cross head Output
device Test fixtures
(jaws) Extensomete
r Columns
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TYPES
Mechanical The electromechanical machine
uses an electric motor, gear reduction system and one, two or four screws to move the crosshead up or down
. A range of crosshead speeds can be achieved by changing the speed of the motor.
A microprocessor based closed-loop servo system can be Implemented to accurately control the speed of the crosshead.
Hydraulic A hydraulic testing machine uses
either a single- or dual-acting piston to move the crosshead up or down.
In a manually operated machine, the operator adjusts a needle valve to control the rate of loading. In a closed-loop hydraulic servo system, the needle valve is replaced by an electrically operated servo-valve for precise control.
In general, the electromechanical machine is capable of a wide range of test speeds and long crosshead displacements, whereas the hydraulic machine is a cost-effective solution for generating high forces.
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TYPES
Digitally operated Universal Testing Machine
Computer operated Universal Testing Machine
Single Column Universal Testing Machines
Double / Dual Column Universal Testing Machines
Four Column Universal Testing Machines
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It works on the principle of elongation and deformation.
In UTM Tensile, Compressive and Shear Forces are acting.
Working Principle
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Working Procedure Compression Test
In compression test the specimen is gripped in machine jaws and load is applied through a screw gear mechanism by a movable crosshead jaw when we apply load our specimen is compressed under load and its compressive strength shows on screen by graph.
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In tensile test the specimen is gripped in machine jaws and load is applied through a screw gear mechanism by a movable crosshead jaw when we apply load our specimen is elongated under load and stress strain graph is shown on screen.
Tensile Test
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TENSILE TEST
Step 1: Original shape and size of the specimen with no load.
Step 2: Specimen undergoing uniform elongation.
Step 3: Point of maximum load and ultimate tensile strength.
Step 4: The onset of necking (plastic instability).
Step 5: Specimen fractures. Step 6: Final length.