VENUS INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY.

M.E -3 A (2014).

Universal Joints

What is a Universal Joint? What is it’s purpose?

A universal joint is a joint or coupling in a rigid rod that allows the rod to 'bend' in any direction

The purpose of a universal joint is to transfer torque from one plane to another, retaining whatever rotational energy applied to the shaft

Universal Joints

The universal joint has been around since ancient Greek times, but the person first credited with using it for the transfer of drive was Gerolamo Cardano, an Italian mathematician circa 1545

Since then it has been adapted to many forms, and it played a major role in the industrial revolution. Modern adaptations include the use of needle roller bearings and lightweight alloys instead of bushings and cast iron but the principle remains the same

Types

Normal universal joints

Double universal joints

Design/structure

A universal joint uses basic mechanical principles, there are four points of attachment (usually with needle bearings), two per shaft

Each of these shaft ends (called yoke arms or yoke ends) attaches to a cross piece, providing a flexible joint which can take large loads

Features and functions

As mentioned earlier the whole concept of a universal joint is to provide a mechanical means for transmitting torque and rotation

The Universal joint only suffers from one major problem: even when the input drive shaft axle rotates at a constant speed, the output drive shaft axle rotates at a varying speed

Materials Used

Universal joints can be made out of almost any material depending on the application

Steel, cast iron, brass or even plastic

Cost can effect the materials

Applications

There are thousands of applications for universal joints

Single or double universal joints may be used depending on the appliction

Double universal joints should be used where the velocity of the rotating shaft should remain the same

Installation & Maintenance

The installation of a universal joint is quite simple but it requires a high level of fabrication skills and a well equipped engineering shop. Usually a universal joint is selected from a catalogue that meets the users requirements, or one is specially designed and built

Universal joints are very long lived components provided they are not exposed to shock loads such as dumping the clutch in a vehicle equipped with a manual transmission or are used in applications where extreme angles are involved

Conclusion

Universal and double universal joints play a crucial role in modern society

Broad range of applications

Cost effective compared to other solutions

Very basic to maintain

Allows a drive system to successfully operate without all the components being linear

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