Universal Access to Technology
-
Upload
ivory-wilkinson -
Category
Documents
-
view
28 -
download
1
description
Transcript of Universal Access to Technology
![Page 1: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Universal Access to Technology
![Page 2: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
User-centered system Design is iterative!
DESIGN TEST
![Page 3: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Case Study:
Computer Aided Conversation for Severely Physically
Impaired Non-speaking People
(Norman Alm et al.)
![Page 4: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why I like this article
Solves a real problem Tells a clear story Did a terrific analysis of the task Technical solution is informed by a
theory of communication Good evaluation at the end
![Page 5: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Conversation
Turn-taking Adjacency pairs Topic structure Perspectives
![Page 6: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What the researchers did:
Task analysisHad real user in mindSimulation with index cardsRole playing Iteration
Screen design Evaluation
Healthy usersNon-speaking user
![Page 7: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Computer-assisted conversationA: I went to France last year, to Marseilles. B: I’ve never visited Marseilles, I’ve sort of driven round
the outskirts, but never actually gone into Marseilles. A: Surprisingly, it’s really beautiful. B: Really? I just imagine it as sort of a port, and just like
any other large city, with nothing particularly interesting.A: You expect a major port to be fairly grotty, don’t you ?B: [LAUGHl That’s right [LAUGH].A: We also visited other places on the coast, but we decided
to give St. Tropez a miss.B: That’s one place I’d like to go.A: I’ve heard it’s pretty grotty now, and crowded.B: Really ? Oh, well, maybe give it a miss then. Of course,
there’s always the chance to see Brigitte Bardot there.A: Whatever turns you on.
![Page 9: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What’s the web like if you can’t see it?
A point of view by Chieko Asakawa
Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act: All federal agencies must make their info available to people with disabilities
How? Screen readers, alt texts, skip-navigation links
![Page 12: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
More and more images, with more and more “alt texts”
![Page 13: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
What’s the web like if you can’t see it?
“These days, Web pages are becoming larger and visually more complex using layout tables, images, colors and other visual effects. Thus, one page contains more various types of information than ever before. This means that blind users need to spend more time on one page to extract the information they need, since voice browsers (in this discussion, voice browser means both self-talking browsers and screen readers) present information serially using a text-to-speech (TTS) engine.”
(from Asakawa, 2005)
![Page 14: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Skip navigation link
Alt text
![Page 16: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The irony: sometimes the very features meant to make the page more accessible actually makeit worse
Asakawa’s example of empty images used to space real images: With no alt text, these were invisible to her. With alt text added, she had to listen to lots of “spacer gif” readouts!
![Page 17: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Some ways of improving accessibility:
Guidelines, legislation, and standards (skip links, content anchors, alt text, etc.)
Have sighted designers experience a web page as the blind do! aDesigner - simulates blind experience Estimates “reaching times” for key parts of page
![Page 18: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
aDesigner
Inaccessible parts are darkened
![Page 19: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Some ways of improving accessibility:
Guidelines, legislation, and standards (skip links, content anchors, alt text, etc.)
Have sighted designers experience a web page as the blind do! aDesigner - simulates blind experience Estimates “reaching times” for key parts of page
“Intelligent” parsing of web pages (HearSay) Treat form-filling as a kind of dialogue
See Tony’s fax form example Include methods for repair and managing interruptions
![Page 20: Universal Access to Technology](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/5681351b550346895d9c758b/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)