Units of Measurement (1)
-
Upload
devidutta-panda -
Category
Documents
-
view
232 -
download
0
Transcript of Units of Measurement (1)
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
1/60
CHAPTER 1
MEASUREMENTSUNITS OF ME SUREMENT
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
2/60
MEASUREMENTYou are making a measurement when youCheck you weightRead your watchTake your temperatureWeigh a cantaloupe
What kinds of measurements did you maketoday?
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
3/60
STANDARDS OFMEASUREMENT
When we measure, we use a measuring tool to compare some dimension of an object toa standard.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
4/60
SOME TOOLS FORMEASUREMENT
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
5/60
LEARNING CHECKFrom the previous slide, state the tool (s) youwould use to measureA. temperature ____________________B. volume ____________________
____________________C.time ____________________D.weight ____________________
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
6/60
SOLUTIONFrom the previous slide, state the tool (s) you would use to measureA. temperature thermometerB.volume measuring cup,
graduated cylinderC.time watchD. weight scale
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
7/60
MEASUREMENT IN C IIn C I we
Control processmeasure quantitiesuse numbers to report measurements
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
8/60
LEARNING CHECKWhat are some U.S. units that are used tomeasure each of the following?
A. lengthB. volumeC. weightD. temperature
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
9/60
SOLUTION
Some possible answers areA. length inch, foot, yard, mileB. volume cup, teaspoon, gallon, pint, quartC. weight ounce, pound (lb), tonD. temperature F
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
10/60
METRIC SYSTEM (SI)Is a decimal system based on 10Used in most of the worldUsed by scientists and hospitals
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
11/60
UNITS IN THE METRIC SYSTEM length meter m volume liter L mass gram g temperatureCelsius C
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
12/60
STATING A MEASUREMENTIn every measurement there is a
Number
followed by aUnit from measuring device
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
13/60
LEARNING CHECKWhat is the unit of measurement in each of thefollowing examples?
A.The patients temperature is 102F.B. The sack holds 5 lbs of potatoes.C. It is 8 miles from your house to school.D.The bottle holds 2 L of orange soda.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
14/60
SOLUTIONA. F (degrees Fahrenheit)B. lbs (pounds)C. milesD. L (liters)
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
15/60
LEARNING CHECK
Identify the measurement in metric units.A. Johns height is1) 1.5 yards 2) 6 feet 3) 2 metersB. The volume of saline in the IV bottle is1) 1 liters 2) 1 quart 3) 2 pintsC. The mass of a lemon is1) 12 ounces 2) 145 grams 3) 0.6 pounds
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
16/60
SOLUTION
A. Johns height is3) 2 meters
B. The volume of saline in the IV bottle is1) 1 liter
C. The mass of a lemon is2) 145 grams
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
17/60
2.1 DISTANCE AND LENGTH
Key Question:How do we accurately communicate length and
distance?
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
18/60
metercentimetermillimeterkilometerinchfoot milesurface areavolumeweight
metric system
conversion factor
time
interval
precision
accuracy
kilogram gram
mass
English system
atom
inertia
molecule
mixture
element
base
power of ten exponent
scientific notation
distance
length
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
19/60
2.1 DISTANCE AND LENGTH
measurement -
a quantity and a unit
distance - is a length
the amount of space
between two points
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
20/60
2.1 TWO SYSTEMS OF UNITS
Science problem solving requires both:
Metric system
English system
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
21/60
2.1 UNITS OF LENGTH
The common units of measurement in the English
systemare inches, feet, yards, and miles.These four length units are related to the meter.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
22/60
conversion factor - is the number by which you multiply or
divide a quantity in one unit to expressthe quantity in a different unit.
2.1 CONVERT UNITS
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
23/60
2.1 CONVERT LENGTH
A football field is 100 yards long.
What is this distance expressed in meters?
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
24/60
2.1 SURFACE AREA VS. VOLUME
surface area -
is the measurement of
the extent of anobjects surface or
area without including
its thickness.
volume -
is a measure of the
space occupied by a
object.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
25/60
2.1 CALCULATE SURFACE AREA AND VOLUME
A basketball has a radius of 12.5 centimeters. Calculate thesurface area and volume of the ball.
1. You are asked to find surface area and volume.2. A ball is shaped like a sphere and you are given theradius.
3. Surface area: A = 4r2; volume: V = 4/3)r34. Solve...
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
26/60
2.2 TIME
Key Question:How do we measure and describe time?
*Students read Section 2.2 AFTER Investigation 2.2
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
27/60
2.2 TIME
Two ways to think about time:What time is it?
3 P.M. Eastern Time on April 21, 2004,
How much time has passed?
3 hr: 44 min: 25 sec.
A quantity of time is often called a time interval.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
28/60
2.2 CONVERTING MIXED UNITS
1. You are asked for time in seconds.2. You are given a time interval in mixed
units.1 hour = 3,600 sec 1 minute = 60sec3. Do the conversion:
1 hour = 3,600 sec
26 minutes = 26 60 = 1,560 sec
4. Add all the seconds:t = 3,600 + 1,560 + 31.25 = 5,191.25 sec
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
29/60
2.2 TIME UNITS
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
30/60
2.2 ACCURACY AND PRECISION
accuracy is the quality of being exact and free from error.
how close a measurement is to the true value.
precision is the degree of mutual agreement among a series of
individual measurements, values, or results.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
31/60
2.3 MASS, MATTER AND THE ATOM
Key Question:How is mass described?
*Students read Section 2.2 AFTER Investigation 2.3
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
32/60
2.3 MASS, MATTER AND THE ATOM
Mass is the amount of stuff an object contains.
Two effects mass has on matter: weight
is the force of the Earths gravity pulling down.
Gravity acts on an objects mass. inertia
is the tendency of an object to resist changes in motion.
Inertia comes from mass.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
33/60
2.3 MEASURING MASS
kilogram - is the mass of 1 liter of water
or 1,000 cubic centimeters
of water.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
34/60
Length Distance ConversionsSometimes information is available in units different than
the desired units. We can use conversion tables to convert
the information into another measurement unit.For example, this table shows inches converted into feet.
There are conversion tables for any type conversion you may
need to make.
The two main measurement systems you will encounter are
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
35/60
The two main measurement systems you will encounter are
the U.S. Unit of Measurement Standard and the Metric
System of Measurement.
The two tables below show some of the commonconversions among each system.
It is often necessary to convert from Standard to Metric or from Metric to
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
36/60
It is often necessary to convert from Standard to Metric or from Metric to
Standard. Conversions between systems of measure require conversion
factors.
For example:
If you would like to convert 3 miles (a Standard unit of distance) tokilometers (a Metric unit of distance) you would multiply the miles by
the conversion factor of 1.6093.
3 miles x 1.6093 = 4.8279 kilometers
To convert 3 kilometers to miles you would divide the kilometers by theconversion factor 1.6093
3 kilometers / 1.6093 = 1.8642 miles
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
37/60
Volume and Density Conversions
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
38/60
Volume and Density Conversions
Volume and density are related measurements, but measure very different
properties.
Volume:the measure of the amount of space an object occupies.
Density:the measure of the quanity of matter an object possesses.There are both dry and liquid measures:
M
Litre
Major Measurement Systems
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
39/60
Major Measurement Systems
Two of the major unit measurement systems are:
Metric system
U.S. units of measurement
For the purposes of this lesson, the focus will be on converting Metricunits and U.S. Units of Measurement, referred to as "Standard."
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
40/60
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
41/60
If 1 ton (T) is equal to 0.907 megagrams (Mg) or
"metric ton" (t) and you have a load of 3.4 tons of
coal. How many "metric tons" of coal do you have?1T = 0.907t
3.4 x 0.907 = "x"
"x" = 3.0838t
So, which is heavier?
3.4T or 3.1t
They actually weigh the same, but are measured
differently.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
42/60
For example: Steam coming into a turbine is
approximately 600 Fahrenheit (F). Steam generator
logs require you to convert from Fahrenheit to
Celsius (C).
C = (F - 32) x 5/9
therefore,C = (600F - 32) x 5/9
C = 568F x 5/9
C = 315.556
Therefore, 600F = 315.556C
Another example: You have 3 liters (L) of stearic acid
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
43/60
Another example: You have 3 liters (L) of stearic acid.
How many fluid ounces of stearic acid do you have?
1 liter (L) = 1000 milliliter (mL)
1 fl oz = 29.57 mL3 L = 3000 mL
3000 mL 29.57 mL = "x"
Therefore, "x" = 101.45 fl ozEvery day, you account the hours you worked on a
time card. While unloading a shipment, you worked
210 minutes. How many hours did you work,unloading the shipment?
1 hour (hr) = 60 minutes (min)
210 min 60 = "x"
"x" = 3.5 hrs
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
44/60
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
45/60
2.3 SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Scientific notation works by expressing very small orvery large numbers as the product of two numbersthat are individually much easier to deal with.
The first number is called the base.
The second number is a power of ten.
The base is usually written with only one digit in front of the decimal point.
ex. 2,500 would be written 2.5 103 The small numeral 3 in 103is called the exponent.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
46/60
2.3 MASS, MATTER AND THE ATOM
atom - the smallest particle of an
element that can exist alone or incombination with other atoms.
elementcomposed of all of the same kind
of atom.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
47/60
2.3 MASS, MATTER AND THE ATOM
molecule - is a neutral group of atoms that are chemically bonded together; it
is the smallest particle of a compound that can exist by itself and
retain the properties of the compound.mixture - is a substance that contains a combination of different
compounds and/or elements and be separated by physical
means.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
48/60
2.3 MASS, MATTER AND THE ATOM
The three most common forms of matter are calledsolid, liquid, and gas.
At temperatures greater than 11,000 C the atoms ina gas start to break apart and form plasma.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
49/60
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
50/60
2.3 MASS, MATTER AND THE ATOM
Solids - Atoms in a solid stay together because the energy peratom is too low to break the bonds between atoms.
Liquids- Liquids flow because atoms have enough energy tomove around by temporarily breaking and reforming bondswith neighboring atoms.
Gases- Gas atoms have enough energy to completely breakbonds with each other.
Plasma- In plasma, matter becomes ionized as electrons arebroken loose from atoms.
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
51/60
Length:
1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m) = 0.6214 miles (mi) =3281 feet (ft)
1 meter = 100 centimeters (cm) = 1.0936 yards (yd) = 3.281feet = 39.37 inches (in)
1 centimeter = 10 millimeters (mm) = 0.3937 inches 1 micron(m)= 10-6 meters = 10-4 centimeters = 3.937 x 10-5 inches
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
52/60
Area:
1 square kilometer (1 km2) = 106sq. meters (m2)= 0.3861 sq. miles (mi2) = 247.1 acres
1 m2= 104sq. centimeters (cm2) = 1.196 sq.yards = 10.764 sq. feet = 1550.0 sq. inches
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
53/60
Volume:
1 cubic kilometer = 109cubic meters (m3) = 0.2399 cubic miles
1 cubic meter = 106cubic centimeters = 1.308 cubic yards = 35.31 cubic feet =61024 cubic inches
1 litre (1) = 1000 cm3= 10-3cubic meters = 0.264 US gallons (US gal) = 61.024 in3
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
54/60
Mass:
1 metric ton (tonne) = 1000 kilograms =2204.6 avoirdupois pounds (means pound ofmass not force)
1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) = 2.2046avoirdupois pounds
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
55/60
Time:1 day = 86400 seconds (s)
1 year (yr) =3.156 x 107seconds
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
56/60
Velocity/Speed:
1 m/s= 3.281 feet/second = 3.6 kilometers/hour = 2.237 miles/hour
1 kilometer/hour = 0.62 miles/hour (mi/hr)
1 knot = 1 nautical mile/hour = 1.151miles/hour = 0.51 m/s = 1.85 km/hr
Force:
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
57/60
1 newton (N) = 1 kilogram meter/(sq. second)=0.2248 pounds force
Pressure:1 atmosphere = 1013.2 hectopascals (hPa) =101.32 kilopascals (kPa) = 14.7 pounds/ sq. inch(lb/in2) = 760 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) =29.92 inches of mercury
10 millibars (hPa) = 1 kilopascal (kPa)
1 Pascal (Pa) = 1 newton /meter2= 0.01 millibars(mb) = 0.01 hectopascals (hPa)
1 millibar (mb) = 1 hectopascal (hPa)
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
58/60
Temperature:
Temperature ino
C = 5/9(temperaturein oF - 32)
Temperature in oF = 9/5(temperature inoC) + 32
Temperature in K = temperature in oC+ 273.15
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
59/60
Energy:
1 joule (J) = 1 newton meter (N m) = 1 kg m2s-2= 0.239 calories = 1 wattsec (W s)
1 calorie (cal)= 4.186 joules (J)
1 langley = 1 calorie /square centimeter
1 kilowatt hour = 3.6 x 106J
Power:
-
8/12/2019 Units of Measurement (1)
60/60
1 watt (W) = 1 joule / second (J / s) =14.3353 calories /minute (cal/min)
1 calorie/second = 4.186 joules /second(J/s) = 4.186 watts (W)
1 calorie/minute = 0.06973 watts (W)
1 horsepower (hp) = 746 watts (W)