Units Even 2

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UNIT SEVEN

Information and CommunicationTechnology(ICT) and Society

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Developing Team S.K.N.Suriyaarachchi

(PICTEC-Western Province) N.Nobel Ravi(ZICTEC-Nuwara Eliya)

A.M.Vazeer (CRC- Kahagolla)

D.M.D.Kumarihamy(ZEO-Welimada)

L.K.Rathnayake(ZICTEC-Passara)

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Information and Communication

Technology(ICT) and Society

ICT for National Development

Issues in the use of ICT

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7.1 - ICT for National Development

Information and Communication Technology hasbecome a vital player in the national development

of modern society. Methods of gathering, processing and

dissemination of information has dramatically

changed in the modern era with the advent ofICT.

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ICT has an impact on the

Social

Cultural Economic

Administrativeaspects of society

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Health

Education Agriculture

Industries and almost all other

sectors in Sri Lanka

ICT has contributed to increase

productivity of goods and services

relevant to

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ICT in the health sector

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ICT in the Health Sector

E-channeling

Research and

Innovation Medical testing &

reporting

Surgery

Maintenance ofMedical HistoryRecords

In house management

Remote surgery

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ICT in Education

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ICT is used in education under

Learning

Teaching

Management

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ICT for learning

Online courses/exams

Huge collection of subject related electronicmaterials and methodologies(Lessons,

Tutorials, simulations etc.) Learning Management System(LMS)

Educational fora, video conferencing,

CAL(Computer Assisted Learning) School net

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ICT for teaching

Hypermedia tools

Simulation, animation, modeling,audio and video

Huge Collection of Subject RelatedMaterials (Lessons, Tutorials etc.)

Modern Learning / TeachingMethodologies

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I CT for teachingcont

School Management Systems

Web sites related to Education

Management

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ICT in Agriculture

Introduces modern machinery and

equipment Provides information on seeds that

maximize harvest and preservation ofproducts

Provides awareness in the field of modernAgriculture

Fertilizers

Pesticides

Provides information on moderntechniques in horticulture and in agrotechnology

Research on farming, animal husbandry

Virtual/competitive markets foragricultural products

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ICT in Industry

Provides information on modern tools, equipment,machinery

Provides software on designing and modeling

Provides know how on the use of new techniques invarious industries including self employment

E.g. hair dressing, beauty culture and apparel

Provides facilities for advertising and marketing

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Facilitates office automated systems

Electronic processing saves energy and time

Increases productivity, efficiency and accuracy Minimizes paper work

Provides on-line jobs

Facilitates tele-commuting

Provides infrastructure facilities for call centers

ICT in Industry contd.

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ICT in Banking Sector

ATM

Credit Cards

Inter Bank Money Transfer

On-Line banking (e-banking)

Image Processing Cheque Clearing Systems Money grams

Etc.End Show


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ICT in Insurance Sector

On the Spot Claims Medical coverage using electronic

cards

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ICT in Share Market

Provides information on current

foreign exchanges

Provides facility to deal with the

share market

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Issues in the use of ICT

Social

Ethical Legal

Security Health & safety

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Social Issues

Digital Divide

Digital divide is the division of

people according to the accessibilityto ICT Resources. There is a gapbetween those who can access ICT

resources easily and those who cannot access.End Show


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Ethical Issues

Piracy

Cracking Hacking

Unauthorized accessetc.

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Legal Issues

Violation of Intellectual Property

RightsCopyright

Patent

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Security Issues

Hardware Protection

Computer must be protected from

outside threats

Software Protection

Programs must be protected fromvarious threats

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Hardware protection

Your computer should be equipped with

A UPS(Uninterrupted Power Supplier)to avoid risk of sudden power failureand fluctuations.

Surge protection safeguard against

lightening and thunder.

Stabilizer to control voltage.

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Environmental factors to protect your

computer

Your computer should be kept in a

dust free, Dry (moisture free),

Smoke freeenvironment.

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Logical Security

The software and the data in your

computer can be protected by Passwords

Backups

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Malicious codes

Virus

Worm

Trojan Horsefalls

The expression "malicious code"has been used by analysts to describe

the category to which

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Computer Viruses

A program or piece of code that is

loaded onto your computer without

your knowledge and runs against your

wishes. All computer viruses are manmade. A

computer virus attaches itself to a

program or file so that it can spread

from one computer to another, leavinginfections as it travels. Much like

human viruses, computer viruses can

range in severity. End Show


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Types of computer viruses

Boot Sector Virus

File Virus

Macro Virus

Multipartite Virus

Polymorphic Virus

Stealth Virus

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replaces or implants itself in theboot sector---an area of the hard

drive (or any other disk) accessedwhen you first turn on yourcomputer. This kind of virus can

prevent you from being able toboot your hard disk.

Boot Sector Virus

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infects applications. These

executables then spread the virusby infecting associated documents

and other applications whenever

they're opened or run.

File Virus

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Written using a simplified macro

programming language, these viruses

affect Microsoft Office applications A document infected with a macro virus

generally modifies a pre-existing,

commonly used command (such as Save)

to trigger its payload upon execution of

that command.

Macro Virus

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infects both files and the boot

sector--a double shot that can re-

infect your system dozens of times

before it's caught.

Multipartite Virus

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changes code whenever it passes toanother machine;

in theory these viruses should bemore difficult for antivirus

scanners to detect, but in practicethey're usually not that wellwritten.

Polymorphic Virus

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hides its presence by making an

infected file not appear infected,

but doesn't usually stand up to

antivirus software.

Stealth Virus

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Worms spread fromcomputer to computer, A

worm takes advantage of

file or informationtransport features on your

system, which allows it to

travel unaided. The biggestdanger with a worm is its

capability to replicate itself

on your system

Worm

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It will appear to be useful software but will actuallydo damage once installed or run on your

computer. When a Trojan is activated the results can

vary. Some Trojans are designed to be more annoying

than malicious (like changing your desktop, adding

silly active desktop icons) they can cause serious damage by deleting files and

destroying information on your system.

A Trojan Horse

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Precautions to Protect the computer


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Precautions to Protect the computersystems

Avoid infected disks and flash drives.

Avoid downloading infected

executable file.

Be careful when opening e-mails withunfamiliar addresses.

Use the latest version of an anti virusprogram and run it regularly.

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Anti virus program

A utility that searches storage devices for viruses andremoves any that are found. Scanning software looks for avirus in one of two ways

If it's a known virus it is removed from

your system.

In the case of new viruses it

quarantines (isolates) the

questionable program. End Show

Some popular anti virus


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Norton

Mcafee

Symantec

PC cillin

AVG

Norman

Dr.Solomon's

Some popular anti virus

software

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Firewall software

A firewall is a systemthat prevents

unauthorized use and

access to yourcomputer. A firewall

can be either hardware

or software.The mostpopular firewall choice

is a software firewall.End Show


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Spyware

A general term for a program that secretlymonitors your actions. While they are

sometimes evil, like a remote control

program used by a hacker, softwarecompanies have been known to use spy

ware to gather data about customers.

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Health and Safety Issues

Ergonomics & health

issues

Repetitive Stress InjuriesEye Strains

Electro-Magnetic Field(EMF) exposure

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To avoid Repetitive Stress Injuries

The keyboard should be at elbowheight, and at a distance andangle that allow you to keepyour wrists straight.

If your chair doesn't have arms,use a pillow to support yourarms.

Adjust your chair so that your

feet areflat on the ground andyour hips are slightly higher thanyour knees

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To avoid Repetitive Stress Injuries


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To avoid Repetitive Stress Injuriescontd

Keep your feet flat on the floor. Don't slouch(bend).

Keep your head in a "neutral" position

Relieve neck strain by looking back over your shoulderwhile sitting up straight. Hold for 10 seconds, then slowly

turn and look the other way.

Relax shoulders by rolling them backwards and forwards.

Reduce muscle tension in your hands by spreading your

fingers wide apart. Hold, and then make a tight fist

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To avoid Eye Strains

Your head should be about 18 - 30 inches from themonitor.

Blink frequently so your eyes don't get dry. Clean the screen every once in a while to remove

dust that has become one with your screen due tostatic electricity.

Refocus your eyes every ten minutes or so bylooking away from the computer and brieflyfocusing on an object at least 20 feet away.

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Electro-Magnetic Field (EMF)

exposure Take frequent breaks away from

the computer

Sit at arms length from the System

and the Monitor

Use a flat panel display

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The End

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