United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Development in Latin America and the...
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United Nations Regional Centre for Peace, Disarmament and Developmentin Latin America and the Caribbean
Office for Disarmament Affairs (ODA) / Regional Disarmament Branch (RDB)
Armed violence reduction, small arms control and disarmament
William Godnick, Ph.D.UNLIREC Public Security Programme Coordinator
Crime Stoppers International ConferenceBridgetown, Barbados
1 October 2013
UN Office for Disarmament AffairsOffice of the
High Representative for Disarmament Affairs
Conference on Disarmament
Secretariat and(Geneva)
Weapons of Mass Destruction
Branch
Conventional Arms (including
Practical Disarmament
Measures) Branch
Information and Outreach Branch
Regional Disarmament Branch
Regional Centres UNLIREC Lima
UNREC Lome UNRCPD Kathmandu
Office of the Director and Deputy to the
High Representative
UNLIREC
Regional Organ of the UN Office for Disarmament Affairs’ Regional Disarmament Branch of the UN Secretariat
Focal Point of UN Coordination Mechanism for Small Arms in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Seeks to reduce arms proliferation and armed violence and strengthen the capacity of the security sector and national authorities to guarantee public security, governance and development.
Homicides Homicides with Firearms
Suicides with Firearms
Latam/Carib 29.3 15.5 1.0Africa 25.9 5.9 0.8Eastern Europe
15.7 3.0 0.4
North America 8.0 3.1 5.5Middle East 4.4 1.8 0.1
Southeast Asia 3.4 1.5 0.1Asian Pacific 4.0 0.5 0.4
Western Europe
1.5 0.4 1.7
Global 7.3 3.1 0.8
Global Homicide Rates (GBAV 2008)
526,000 armed homicides annually (394,500 in peace time)
Estimated global holdings of small arms/firearms (2009)
(Fuente: SAS 2009)
74,6 % in private hands, including private security companies.
650.000.000 74,6%
Civilians
200.000.000 22,7%
Armed Forces
20.000.000 2,2%
Police
5.000.000 0,5%
Criminals, Insurgents.
+ 1,000 companies
in 98 countries
8M arms & 16.000M ammo. per year
Total: 875.000.000
Illegal firearms
Human trafficking
Drugs trafficking
Counterfeiting
0 100000 200000 300000 400000
USD 32 billion
USD 250 million
Illegal arms trafficking vs other illegal activities (in millions of USD)
USD 250 billion
USD 350 billion
Source: UNODC ‘Circulation’ 2012
Global and Regional Responses
Ongoing – CARICOM RIBIN, e-Trace, IBIN/INTERPOL
2013 - Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)
2005 - International Tracing Instrument
2001 – UN Programme of Action on Small Arms (PoA)
2001 – UN Firearms Protocol (to Convention against TOC)
1997 – Inter-American Convention (CIFTA)
Small Arms Control Measures (at national level)
Legal Trade Illicit Trafficking Stocks Unlawful Use and Possession
-Better enforcement of existing laws.
-Harmonizing laws with neighboring countries.
-Marking of firearms and ammunition.
- Transparency in manufacture and transfers (e.g. end-user certificates).
-Improving intelligence and information sharing.
-Building capacity in institutions and their personnel to combat trafficking.
- Supplying specialized equipment and technology.
-Identifying national stocks and surplus.
-Improving stockpile management.
-Voluntary weapons surrender programs.
-Destruction of weapons.
-Adopting a clear legal basis for possession and use of FAME.
-Suppressing the visibility of FAME in society.
-Controlling the marketing of FAME.
Coercive
Voluntary
Education/awareness raising
InformalCompliance
Forcible seizures
Consent to search
Checkpoints/roadblocks
Urban/village courts and tribunals (AVOID)
Formal
Community policing
Alcohol prohibition
Amnesties
Gun-free areas/zones
Weapons collection & destruction
Local mediation
Media/civil society awareness programmes
Public/private health interventions
Vigilante groups (AVOID)
Neighborhood watchToll free telephone lines
Private security companies (Supervise and Regulate)
Parental notification
Armed Violence Reduction Measures (at local level)
UNLIREC Technical Cooperation Stockpile Management and Destruction
More than 40,000 weapons and 57 tonnes of ammunition destroyed since 2012 in Greater Caribbean.
More than 300 stockpiles secured in Greater Caribbean.
Law enforcement/judicial training to combat illicti firearms 180 Caribbean law enforcement officials trained in techniques to combat
illicit firearms trafficking. 22 Belizean officials trained in operatioanl forensic ballistics.
Legal assistance National firearms act reviewed in all Caricom Member States,
reccomendations made. Course for judges and prosecutors – Belize and TT 2014.
Chile
http://www.penalolen.cl/formulario-denuncia-anonima-de-tenencia-ilegal-de-armas
Final thoughts Firearms/small arms and their ammunition are the real weapons of mass
destrution.
Most weapons began as items legally manufactured and sold.
First line of responsibility is to prevent Responsible weapons transfers and sales Thorough stockpile management of public and private holdings.
Disarmament and arms control must be accompanied by international cooperation and public security reform at the national and local levels, including public-private partnerships.
Crime Stoppers (and similar government tip lines) appear to be making contributions to taking weapons off streets, question of building on existing frameworks and scaling up and out.