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TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

In 1945, eleven territories (mostly in Africa and in the Pacific Ocean) were placed under international supervision.

The major goals of the Trusteeship System were to promote the advancement of the inhabitants of Trust Territories and their progressive development towards self-government or independence.

The Trusteeship Council is made up of the five permanent members of the Security Council --China, France, Russian Federation, United Kingdom and United States with each member having one vote.

Decisions are made by simple majority.

The Trusteeship Council suspended operation on 1 November 1994, with the independence of Palau, the last remaining United Nations trust territory, on 1 October 1994.

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

• The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN).

• It was established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations and began work in April 1946.

• The seat of the Court is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Of the six principal organs of the United Nations, it is the only one not located in New York (United States of America).

• Only States may apply to and appear before the International Court of Justice. International organizations and private persons are not entitled to institute proceedings before the Court.

• The Court’s role is to settle, in accordance with international law, legal disputes submitted to it by States and to give advisory opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized United Nations organs and specialized agencies.

• Once a country agrees to let the Court act on a case, it must agree to comply with the Court’s decision

INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE

Composition

• The Court is composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office by the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council sitting independently of each other.

• It may not include more than one judge of any nationality.

• Elections are held every three years for one-third of the seats, and retiring judges may be re-elected.

• The Members of the Court do not represent their governments but are independent magistrates.

Jurisdiction

The International Court of Justice acts as a world court. The Court has a dual jurisdiction. It decides, in accordance with international law –

1. Disputes of a legal nature that are submitted to it by States (jurisdiction in contentious cases);

2. It gives advisory opinions on legal questions at the request of the organs of the United Nations or specialized agencies authorized to make such a request (advisory jurisdiction).

THE SECRETARIAT • The Secretariat — an international staff working in duty stations around the

world — carries out the diverse day-to-day work of the Organization.

• It services the other principal organs of the United Nations and administers the programmes and policies laid down by them.

• At its head is the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council for a five-year, renewable term.

• The duties carried out by the Secretariat are as varied as the problems dealt with by the United Nations.

• These range from administering peacekeeping operations to mediating international disputes, from surveying economic and social trends and problems to preparing studies on human rights and sustainable development.

• Secretariat staff also inform the world's communications media about the work of the United Nations; organize international conferences on issues of worldwide concern; and interpret speeches and translate documents into the Organization's official languages.

THE SECRETARIAT

Functions

• To gather and prepare background information on various problems so that the government delegates can study the facts and make their recommendations;

• To help carry out the decisions of the United Nations;

• To organize international conferences;

• To interpret speeches and translate documents into the UN’s official languages

SECRETARY

GENERAL

How is

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HAS THE U

N

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ED ANY

CRISIS

?

Berlin Crisis• 1948-1949

Cuban Missile Crisis• 1962

Middle East Crisis• 1971

Congo• 1964

Iran and Iraq • 1988

El Salvador • 1992

Guatemala• 1996

Mozambique• 1994

Timor-Leste• 2002

Sierra Leone• 2005

FOREIG

N POLIC

Y

OBJECTIVES OF FOREIGN POLICY

• A foreign policy protects unity and integrity of a country.

• A foreign policy defends interests of its citizens.

• A foreign policy also protects interests of its citizens beyond the borders.

• A foreign policy also protects dignity and sentiments of the people of origin throughout the world.

• A foreign policy tries to maintain contacts and develop good relations with all other states in order to enhance economic and technological co-operation with them with a view to promote its own interests.

• Newly independent African and Asian countries and immediately established diplomatic relations with them to create its sphere of influence and good will in those countries.

Internal Factors• Size• Geography• History and

Culture • Economic

Development• Technological

Progress• Leadership• Ideology 

 

External Factors

• World Situation 

• Military Strength of Adversaries

INFLUENTIAL FACTORS IN FOREIGN POLICY MAKING

VITAL or CORE

Interests

LESS THAN VITAL or

SECONDARY Interests

NATIONAL INTEREST

HOME WORK

OASASEANSAARCOPECNAM