Unit VI. The Great War. D. The End WWI D. The End of World War I 1. Major Turning Points of the War...
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Transcript of Unit VI. The Great War. D. The End WWI D. The End of World War I 1. Major Turning Points of the War...
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Unit VI. The Great War
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D. The End WWI
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D. The End of World War I
1. Major Turning Points of the Wara. Entry of the United States, April 6, 1917
*U.S. had an isolationist foreign policy so had decided to remain neutral during WWI
*The gov’t had allowed American ships to carry supplies to the Allies
*In 1917, Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare*Entry of the U.S. refreshed Allied troops
and
helped win the war
b. Russia’s Withdrawal
*Dissatisfaction with the imperial gov’t and major economic issues resulted in the Bolshevik or Communist Revolution in 1917
-Czar Nicolas abdicated, he and his family were assassinated
-Early 1918, Russia’s new leader, Vladimir
Lenin signed a treaty with Germany that
took Russia out of the war
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E. The End of the Great War (cont’d)2. Costs of the War
a. On November 11, 1918, an armistice was declared
b. Human Casualties
*The cost of the war in terms of human lives were staggering
-More than 8.5 million people had died
-More than 17 million had been wounded
-Famine threatened most regions of Central Europe
-Disease was widespread and rampant in many regions (e.g. Influenza)
c. Economic Losses
*All over the world economic and political losses plagued nations
-Factories, farms, and home had been destroyed
-Nations had huge war debts to repay
-The Allies, bitter at the destruction, insisted that the central Powers make reparations
-Europe was “re-zoned” in many areas, new nations created
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E. The End of the Great War (cont’d)
3. The Treaty of Versailles, Jan 1919
a. The Paris Peace Conference
*Victorious Allies gathered at the Palace of
Versailles to work out terms of peace
*Each had different goals and expectations
-United States wanted to stress self-determination; wanted to create an international peace-keeping organization
-Britain and France wanted to punish Germany and prevent it from becoming a threat again
b. Harsh Provisions for Germany
*Britain and France governed most of the treaty’s provisions
*Territorial Losses
-Land taken from Germany; lost most of it’s overseas colonies
*Military Restrictions:
-Germany’s army and navy were drastically limited
-Had to remove its troops from the Rhineland
*War Guilt:
-Germany had to accept full responsibility for war and pay huge reparations
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E. The End of the Great War (cont’d)
4. The League of Nationsa. Formed by the Treaty of Versailles
*Pushed heavily by Pres. Wilson, but never joined by the United States
-Many Americans feared the League would drag the U.S. into future European conflicts
-By refusing to join, the U.S. weakened the League
*Made up of more than 40 nations that hoped to settle problems and conflict through negotiation, not war
-These nations promised to take cooperative economic and military action against any aggressor states
-Was largely unsuccessful due to its lack of military backing
“All bark and no bite”