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Unit V: 1914 – Present Why 1914? World War (Decline of Empires) “Decolonization” & New...
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Transcript of Unit V: 1914 – Present Why 1914? World War (Decline of Empires) “Decolonization” & New...
Unit V: 1914 – Present
Why 1914?Why 1914? World War (Decline of Empires) “Decolonization” & New Nations Cold War Conflicts Globalization
Causes of WWI:
M – Militarism
A – Alliances
I – Imperialism
N – Nationalism
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Europe in 1914
World War IWorld War I
Total War Effort: women; colonial soldiers Machine guns, subs, planes, tanks, trench
warfare = major death & destruction Financial strain on empires New nation-states formed (Palestinians, Jews,
Arabs, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia) Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles
Lasting-Peace: Causes of WW II:
-Arms Limitation
-Creation of League of Nations
-Poland is created-Great Depression
-Germany pays reparations
-Germany lost Territory-No secret alliances
New Map of Europe
Acts of Aggression Lead to WWII:
Country Area AttackedJapan Manchuria, China
Italy Ethiopia
1. Austria
Germany 2. Czechoslovakia
3. Poland (1939)
AXIS POWERS:
-Adolf Hitler:-Adolf Hitler:re-armed Germany into a
modern war machine
- Italian dictator Benito Benito Mussolini Mussolini
*Both FascistFascist allies
“APPEASEMENT” OF HITLER
“An appeaser is one who feeds a crocodile, hoping it will eat him last.”
- Winston Churchill
“My good friends… I have returned form Germany bringing peace with honor. I believe it is peace for our time… Go home
and get a nice quiet sleep.”
German “Blitzkreig” of Europe
Japanese Aggression in Pacific:
-Bombing of Pearl Harbor
- Japanese imperial expansion
Turning Points: Africa & Italy
Operation Torch, 1942-43 El Alamein,
1942-43
Invasion of Sicily and Italy, 1943
Operation Overlord (D-Day), 1944
August 6, 1945:
U.S. dropped atomic bomb on
Hiroshima
Democracy in Japan:
• 7 yr. U.S. occupation
• new Constitution & democratic gov’t
1. Western powers weakened
2. Costs of War
3. Ends Fascism
4. Atrocities: Nazi Holocaust, Rape of Nanjing, Atomic Bombings
WW II: Post-WW II:
Impacts of World War II
2. The Cold War: “Bipolar World” of US vs. USSR
(arms race, proxy wars, space race, containment)
3. United Nations
1. Decolonization: Creation of “3rd World” countries
20th-cen. Revolutions:
•Rural peasants
•Rapid Industrialization
•Corrupt political systems
•Foreign intervention
Mexican Revolution (1911-1917)
“Tierra y Libertad”
Changes:
• 1917 Constitution
• Land redistribution for peasants
• Universal voting
• Educational reforms for boys/girls
• Workers unions
• Single-party dominance by PRIPRI
Russian Revolution
“Peace, Bread, & Land”
1. 1917: oust Czar
2.Communist “Bolshevik” party takes power (LeninLenin as leader)
3. Lenin industrializes U.S.S.R. w/ the New Economic PolicyNew Economic Policy
Effects:
• Authoritarian dictatorship (Stalin’s Stalin’s 5-Year Plans5-Year Plans industrialized military)
• Supported Communist movements around world
• Capital moved to Moscow
Chinese Revolutions:
1911: Qing Dynasty overthrown
Sun Yat-Sen Sun Yat-Sen – “Father of Modern China”; 1st democratically elected leader
Mao Zedong:Mao Zedong: 1949 Communist Revolution defeats Chiang Kaishek (flees to Taiwan)
How do these paintings
demonstrate how Mao was
successful at gaining power in
China?
1959: CastroCastro seized power
Tried to spread Communism
allied w/ Soviets
Cuban Revolution:
CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS (1962 ):
Soviet missiles w/ nukes on island
Iranian Revolution:
1953: Shah Mohammad Reza took power 1979 - Ayatollah Khomenini ousted Shah
- 1st Islamic Fundamentalist gov’t - Hostage Crisis: 55 Americans held in Tehran - 1980-1988: Iraq-Iran War
Decolonization Movements:
Anti-colonial nationalism after 1945 :
1.1. Violent Revolutions & Civil War:Violent Revolutions & Civil War:China, Algeria, Vietnam, Palestinians
2.2. Non-Violent Independence:Non-Violent Independence: India, Ghana, Turkey
3.3. Both:Both: Kenya, Egypt, South Africa
Palestine & Israel:
1917 Balfour DeclarationBalfour Declaration: promised a Jewish state 1948: Israel created
Violent Movements
Algeria:
1954-1962: FLN rebels against French “Arab nationalism” FLN used terrorist tactics
India:
Indian National Congress (1885): Elite, educated
Indian national consciousness GandhiGandhi: prevented violence
- boycotts: Salt March, Homespun Movement
Muslims: led by Jinnah (Muslim League) insisted on separate Hindu & Muslim states
1947: “Partition” of India & Pakistan1947: “Partition” of India & Pakistan
Non-Violent Movements
De-colonization in Africa:
Ghana…led by western- educated Kwame Nkrumah
Kenya: Jomo Kenyatta used non-violent protests
““Africa for Africans”: Africa for Africans”:
- Pan-Africanism- African National Congress
Decolonization of Africa
Egypt:
1952: coup by Nasser
1956: Suez Canal nationalized
Nasser: symbol of “pan-Arab nationalism”
South Africa:
Dutch Afrikaner dominated
Apartheid – separation of blacks
1994: Nelson Mandela 1st Black Pres,
Nasser in Egypt
Ataturk in TurkeyNkrumah in Ghana
Nehru in India Kenyatta in Kenya
Mao Zedong in China
U.S. COLD WAR POLICIES:
2. TRUMAN DOCTRINE: monetary support to allies
1. CONTAINMENT: block Soviet influence
SOVIET RESPONSE:
1. W. & E. Germany
2. BERLIN WALL (1961)
“THE IRON CURTAIN “
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the continent.”
Soviet-occupied E. Europe
ARMS RACE:
-Massive military buildup
“SPACE RACE”:
-USSR: 1957 Sputnik
-U.S.: NASA
-1961: USSR 1st in space
-1969: U.S. 1st on moon
Vietnam:
Anti-French rebellion
Ho Chi Minh: educated; Communist leader
U.S. involvement
Fall of USSR: • Gorbachev: economic & political opening up (Glasnost & Perestroika)
• China: still Communist; under Deng Deng ONLY slow economic reforms
Global Economics
North (rich) & South (poor)
“Asian Tigers”: Singapore, S. Korea, Taiwan,
Hong Kong
Globalization NAFTA; W.T.O. Response to Globalization?
“Globalization”
International Terrorism
Genocide
Social Reforms:
Rise of Feminism (suffrage for women) Civil rights movements
Environmental Issues:
“Green Revolution”: food Deforestation, global warming…
World Population