Canadian Geography 1202Unit Six: The New EconomyChapter 18: Working Canada

6.1.1: Students will appraise the relative importance of Canada’s three economic sectors.

• There are four basic types of industry.1. Primary industry: Providing raw materials for use

by other industries.e.g. farming, fishing, forestry, mining.

6.1.2: Define secondary industry2. Secondary industries• These industries involve manufacturing.• There are two types• Primary manufacturing: produces usable products from

raw materials• Secondary manufacturing: Uses the products of primary

manufacturing to produce something else.• Paper is turned into newspapers

6.1.3 Define Tertiary Industries3. Tertiary Industries• Tertiary Industries provide services, they do not

produce goods.• Some services may include transportation

services, or retail services.

4.Quaternary Industries• Quaternary industries provide information

services• Research and development, and computer

technology

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, or Quaternary• Write down in your notes if each of the following

pictures is primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary.

• The person with the most correct gets a prize!!!

6.1.5: Percent Employed By Province

Category

NL PE

NS NB QUE ON MB SK AB BC Can Total

Primary 14 0 23 18 100 151 42 79 161 69 657

Secondary

19 0 57 47 681 1157 80 44 195 294 2574

Tertiary &Quaternary

148

53

258

228

2221

3619 370 316

947 1255

9440

Prov. Total

181

53

363

293

3002

4927

492

439

1303

1681

12671

1. Use the table above to calculate the percentage of employment per sector for each province.

2. Use a table of the same format to record the percentages.3. Rank the provinces from highest to lowest percent for each

sector4. Construct a bar graph to show the trend in employment.5. Which province is closest to the Canadian total percentages?

Percentage per sector= employment in sector /provincial total.

6.1.7 Employment By Industry 1960-1990

1960 1970 1980 19900

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Agriculture

Other Primary

Manufacturing

Construction

Transportation

Trade

Finance, Real estate Insurance

Services

Government

6.1.8 Define the Term Value Added• Value Added: Improving a product so that it is

worth more than before processing.• This occurs in secondary industries.• Raw materials or unfinished materials are

processed into a finished product that is more valuable

• Trees -> Paper -> Newspaper.• Cotton -> Fabric -> Shirt.

6.1.1: Students will appraise the relative importance of Canada’s three economic sectors. Continued…

• Economy: the system of producing, distributing and consuming wealth

• Capitalism: An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are privately owned and operated competitively

• Canadian Economy: We live in a basically capitalist economy, with some government regulation to protect citizens against extreme poverty: Medicare, Canada pension, employment insurance.

6.2.1: Distinguish Between the terms site and situation

• Site: a reference to the physical attributes of a location. Power, raw materials, access to markets, land cost are all related to physical attributes. (absolute location)

• Situation: A reference to the relational attributes of a location.(relative location) Availability of skilled labor, quality of life, competitors, incentives, tradition, and capital are situational.

6.2.1: Distinguish Between the terms site and situation• Decide if the following factors are Site or

Situation:1. Churchill Falls hydro electric generator needed a

large amount of energy provided by moving water.

2. Car manufacturing plants need to be near markets in Canada and the United States so they are placed in places like Brampton, Oshawa, and Alliston in Ontario.

3. Fish plants are located along the coast of Newfoundland and Labrador

4. Oil producing facilities located in Fort McMurray, Alberta.

6.2.2 Describe the site factors which make an area suitable for the location of industry.

• Site factors that make an area suitable for the location of industry are:•Access to water•Access to power•Access to workforce•Access to raw materials•Access to suitable land; well drained, or bedrock.

6.2.4 Describe the situational factors which make an area suitable for the location of an industry.

• Situational factors that make an area suitable for the location of industry are:•Access to transportation•Government Incentives• Land costs•Quality of life•Tradition•Availability of capital to invest• Location of competitors• Location of other industry (agglomerating principle)

6.2.3/5 Given a case study of an industry identify the factors which made the location suitable for the industry• Case Study: The new Stelco plant• Site factors considered:

1. Access to an extensive and inexpensive water transportation route – this was in the industrial heartland of central Canada

2. Ready access to large markets – again this was in the heartland of central Canada and the northeastern United States

3. One of the most import\ant factors was space – there had to be sufficient land to build the foundry and land prices had to be reasonable

4. The shore for the plant had to be hard bedrock and a protected shoreline to support heavy vibrating material

5. Close proximity to the Hamilton plant6. A supply of energy7. A supply of limestone

Secondary Industries: A closer look• Mass Production: Producing large quantities of the

same product using assembly line techniques. • Invented by Henry Ford to build his cars and trucks.

• Just In Time Delivery and Assembly system: To avoid having to keep large amounts of supplies on site manufacturers often choose to order supplies from local companies as they are needed

• Point of use delivery: parts are unloaded at docks near where they will be installed

Quaternary Industries: A closer look• Research and Development: People look for ways

to improve current industries, or create new ones.

• Growth is due to improvements in global communication ability

• Sunrise Industries: New industries that are increasing in number

• Sunset Industries: Declining industries.