PERIODIC TABLE BINGO. Arranged the periodic table by atomic masses, lightest to heaviest.
Unit Seven: Periodic Table. Background to the Periodic Table: 1.Elements are arranged on the...
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Transcript of Unit Seven: Periodic Table. Background to the Periodic Table: 1.Elements are arranged on the...
Unit Seven: Periodic Table
Background to the Periodic Table:
1. Elements are arranged on the periodic table according to similar properties.2. The modern periodic table is organized by increasing atomic number.
Background to the Periodic Table:
1. Dimitri Mendeleev , a Russian scientist, is credits for creating the first periodic table in 1869. At that time, there were only 60 known element and Mendeleev organized them according to their atomic mass. Mendeleev was able to predict the properties of missing elements which were later discovered. These elements fit perfectly in the missing gaps.
2. Henry Mosely later rearranged the periodic table based on increasing atomic number. This arrangement is still used today.
3. The columns on the periodic table are called groups, the rows are called periods. There are 18 groups (columns) and 7 periods (rows) on the periodic table.
Ted ed: Periodic Table
Period
Group or family
Period
Group or Family
Classification of Elements• Elements on the periodic table can be classified in one of the three
following groups:
•Metals•Nonmetals•Metalloids
a. Metals are located on the left side of the periodic tableb. Non metals are located on the right side of the periodic table.c. The six metalloids fall along the “steps”. They include:
Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te)
Classification of the Periodic Table:
Properties of Metals Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity
Metals are malleable
Metals are ductile
Metals have high tensile strength
Metals have luster
Examples of Metals
Potassium, K reacts with water and must be stored in kerosene
Zinc, Zn, is more stable than potassium
Copper, Cu, is a relatively soft metal, and a very good electrical conductor.
Mercury, Hg, is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature
Properties of Nonmetals
Carbon, the graphite in “pencil lead” is a great example of a nonmetallic element.
Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity Nonmetals tend to be brittle Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature
Examples of Nonmetals
Sulfur, S, was once known as “brimstone”
Microspheres of phosphorus, P, a reactive nonmetal
Graphite is not the only pure form of carbon, C. Diamond is also carbon; the color comes from impurities caught within the crystal structure
Properties of Metalloids
Metalloids straddle the border between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table.
They have properties of both metals and nonmetals.Metalloids are more brittle than metals, less brittle than most nonmetallic solids Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity Some metalloids possess metallic luster
Silicon, Si – A Metalloid Silicon has metallic luster Silicon is brittle like a nonmetal Silicon is a semiconductor of electricity
Other metalloids include:
Boron, B Germanium, Ge Arsenic, As Antimony, Sb Tellurium, Te
Periodic Table: Metallic arrangement• Layout of the Periodic Table: Metals vs. nonmetals
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
MetalsNonmetals
Reading the Periodic Table: Classification
• Nonmetals, Metals, Metalloids, Noble gases
Groups/Families and Chemical Properties:
The vertical columns on the periodic table are called groups. There are 18 groups on the periodic table.
Elements in a group have the same valence electrons and because of this, they have similar chemical properties.
Down the Periodic Table•Family: Are arranged vertically down the periodic table (columns or group, 1- 18 )
•These elements have the same number electrons in the outer most shells, the valence shell.
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell
Alkali Family: 1 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell
Halogen Family: 7 e- in the valence shell
Groups/Families and Chemical Properties:
Table of element families & properties:
Group #1 Alkali Metals Reactive, soft metals, 1 valence electron
Group #2 Alkaline Earth Metals Reactive metals, harder than alkali metals, 2 valence electrons
Group #17 Halogens Reactive non-metals7 valence electrons
Group #18 Noble Gas Unreactive non-metals, all are gases8 valence electrons
Infamous Families of the Periodic Table
• Notable families of the Periodic Table and some important members:
1IA
18VIIIA
12
IIA13
IIIA14
IVA15VA
16VIA
17VIIA
2
33
IIIB4
IVB5
VB6
VIB7
VIIB8 9
VIIIB10 11
IB12IIB
4
5
6
7
Alkali
Alkaline (earth)
Transition Metals
Noble GasHalogen
Chalcogens