Unit Plan 2: The Whole Genome Each unit is complete with the corresponding slides found in the main Genetic Engineering PowerPoint. Teachers have the liberty to cover the material on an as-needed basis based on alignment with class curriculum.

Estimated Time Materials 2-3 class periods PowerPoint, printable worksheets of choice from

the following lesson plan

Assessment Options

1. Choose any of the included activities or projects as assessments.

Vocabulary

Genomics, agri-genomics, DNA fingerprinting, DNA Profiling, PCR, Next Generation Sequencing

Objectives 1. Define the term genomics (Remember) 2. Differentiate between DNA fingerprinting and DNA profiling by explaining how each can be used

in agriculture (Analyze) 3. Explain the function of restriction enzymes (Apply) 4. Summarize gel electrophoresis and how the gel is interpreted (Understanding) 5. Explain the function of PCR and how it is used in genetic engineering (Apply)

Standards and strands Agricultural Science 1

• Strand 4, Standard 4, Identify and discuss the contents of a genome. Agriculture Science 3

• Strand 5, Standard 1, Compare and contrast the structures and functions of DNA and RNA, Demonstrate the isolation of DNA

• Strand 5, Standard 2, Explain electrophoretic techniques, and interpret electrophoresis fragmentation patterns.

Objectives Curriculum and Instruction: Content Teaching Method 1. Define the term

genomics (Remember)

Genomics

The study of the genome which typically involves

sequencing the genome and identifying genes and their

functions

"Appendix G: Glossary." National Academies of Sciences,

Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects. Washington, DC: The

National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23395.

Agricultural genomics, or Agrigenomics:

1. The Whole Genome

a. The study of genomes, complete DNA sets,

is called Genomics.

b. 4000 species genomes have been published

as of 2015, with progress being made on

tens of thousands of others.

c. Organism, number of genes, year

completed diagram of sequencing

genomes.

For greater depth, consider the following lesson plan on

Marker Assisted Selection:

http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/wp_single/wp-

content/uploads/2013/07/ModuleIIP1.pdf

Additional information for the following found at Khan

Academy AP Biology – DNA analysis methods:

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/ap-

biotech-dna-technology/ap-dna-sequencing-pcr-

electrophoresis/v/the-polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr

2. Differentiate between

DNA fingerprinting

and DNA profiling by

explaining how each

can be used in

agriculture (Analyze)

2. DNA Fingerprinting

a. DNA Fingerprinting is also known as DNA

profiling

b. Like fingerprints are unique to each person,

DNA is unique to the person it belongs to,

meaning it is traceable.

c.

• Venn Diagram

o Consider having students create a Venn

diagram to compare and contrast DNA

fingerprinting and DNA profiling.

d.

i. Diagram:

https://www.yourgenome.org/fact

s/what-is-a-dna-fingerprint

3. DNA Profiling

a.

i. Diagram:

https://www.yourgenome.org/fact

s/what-is-a-dna-fingerprint

Marker-assisted selection

The use of DNA sequences to determine which plants or

organisms have particular version (allele) of existing genes.

Markers do not become part of the plant’s genome

"Appendix G: Glossary." National Academies of Sciences,

Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects. Washington, DC: The

National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/23395.

b. DNA Fingerprinting vs DNA Profiling

i. Text resource:

https://www.yourgenome.org/fact

s/what-is-a-dna-fingerprint

4. Explain the function of

restriction enzymes

(Apply)

1. Restriction Enzymes

a. Restriction enzymes cut DNA into

restriction fragments. For example, if the

same restriction enzyme is used on

different DNA samples, if they are cut at

the same place that means they have the

same sequence and they match.

b. Gel electrophoresis is used to separate

restriction fragments based on size using

an electrical charge. Can be used on

macromolecules typically proteins or

nucleic acids.

c.

d.

i. Diagram Source:

https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/8

5. Summarize gel

electrophoresis and

how the gel is

interpreted

(Understanding)

1. Gel Electrophoresis

a. The fragments are identifiable based on the

bands created in the gel, shorter fragments

move further through the gel and the

longer fragments move a shorter distance.

b. Agarose gel is used. It has pores and

electricity causes the negatively charged

DNA to more toward the positive electrical

end of the plate.

c. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDZU

AleWX78

d.

e.

i. Diagram Source:

https://www.yourgenome.org/fact

s/what-is-gel-electrophoresis

Gel Electrophoresis Video Guides

f. Lesson 1: Collection of a DNA Sample

i. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uv

yv9STONSY

g. Lesson 2: PCR Amplification

i. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JK

Uo4QV7emo&t=2s

h. Lesson 3: Gel Electrophoresis of Amplified PCR

Samples

i. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjJ

56z1HeAc

Gel Electrophoresis Virtual Labs

i. DNA Extraction

i. https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content

/labs/extraction/

j. Gel Electrophoresis

i. https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content

/labs/gel/

k. PCR

i. https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content

/labs/pcr/

6. Explain the function of

PCR and how it is used

in genetic engineering

(Apply)

2. Polymerase Chain Reaction

a. Techniques include the PCR, Polymerase

Chain Reaction, which can copy segments

of DNA for analysis, from blood or other

tissue.

b. The Evolution of PCR

Consider completing the following Polymerase Chain

Reaction Activity (PCR) by Alexandra Romero, Gorton

High School:

http://www.scienceteacherprogram.org/biology/Romero

06.html

i. Polymerase from Yellowstone

National Park?

ii. https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=kjJ56z1HeAc (6 min 51 sec)

c.

d.

i. Diagram Source:

https://www.yourgenome.org/fact

s/what-is-pcr-polymerase-chain-

reaction

Additional activities based on agricultural topic: General From Mendel to Markers

http://www.biotech.iastate.edu/from-mendel-to-markers/ Genome Data Viewer

• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/gdv/?org=ovis-aries • How to use: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPSq0VfU19c • Webinar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBcIaYc_ddE

Animal Science

-

Plant Science

Plant & Soil Sciences e Library – Overview of Plant Genetic Engineering http://passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php?idinformationmodule=957879329&topicorder=1&maxto=9&minto=1

Additional reading based on agriculture topic: General - Animal Science

Genomic Selection – A Paradigm Shift in Animal Breeding: Illumina next-generation sequencing and genotyping technologies are revolutionizing animal breeding. https://www.illumina.com/content/dam/illumina-marketing/documents/products/technotes/technote_ag_genomic_selection.pdf High-Density Genotyping Aids Livestock Improvement: Zoetis uses Illumina BreadChips to enable livestock producers to improve the genetic makeup of their herds https://www.illumina.com/content/dam/illumina-marketing/documents/icommunity/article_2014_01_zoetis.pdf Genomic selection in agriculture: An overview of recent publications featuring Illumina technology https://www.illumina.com/content/dam/illumina-marketing/documents/products/research_reviews/genomic-selection-in-agriculture.pdf Blueprint for USDA Efforts in Agricultural Animal Genomics 2008-2017 https://nifa.usda.gov/sites/default/files/resources/Blueprint%20for%20animal%20genetics%202008-17.pdf The Dog Genome: Shedding Light on Human Disease – Elaine Ostrander If students are not familiar with food animal genetics, introduce this concept with household pets, such as dogs. Consider the following resources: https://unlockinglifescode.org/node/1123 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sxtX1pfSUec&feature=youtu.be Selective Advances in Cattle Breeding https://www.genome.gov/27570934/april-11-agriculture/

Plant Science

-

Sources: Pearson Education Campbell Essential Biology (6th Ed.) by Simon, Reece, & Dickey. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2016. Genetically Engineered Crops: Experiences and Prospects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/23395.