Unit One

Look at the following pictures!

When you look at them, which country will come into your mind immediately?

Then think about why you will have this thought?

Symbols of Culture

• Sports can be a symbol of culture.

• Artwork can be a symbol of culture.

• Buildings can be a symbol of culture.

• Using a kind of food to be a cultural symbol of America, which one will you choose?

Symbols of CultureDo you know the history of McDonald’s?

1) Who founded McDonald’s and when was it started?

2) How many restaurants does McDonald’s have?

3) How many customers can McDonald’s serve each day?

4) Where is the largest McDonald’s restaurant located in?

5) Where is the first McDonald’s restaurant located in?

Symbols of Culture

• The first McDonald’s restaurant can be a cultural symbol of America.

• Buildings as symbols of culture = places where history has occurred.

• If the first McDonald’s restaurant will be destroyed, what is your opinion?

TEXT AThe First McDonald’s Restaurant• Step I: Read through the text and think about

the following questions. (time limit: 10mins)• 1. Summarize the history of McDonald’s by

using the information you find in the text.• 2. To the fate of the first McDonald’s

restaurant, the Downey people can the McDonald's people have different opinions, look for the opinions and their supporting reasons.

TEXT AThe First McDonald’s Restaurant

Downey People McDonald’s

Attitude Save the building Tear down the building

Supporting reasons

1. It is a cultural symbol.

2. It gives them good memories.

3. McDonald’s is trying to change the history.

1. It was damaged in an earthquake and is impossible to repair.

2. It is losing money at that location.

• Step II: New words• 1.fry   v. cook or be cooked in hot fat or oil• frying pan 煎锅 frying spoon 炒菜勺• Eg: The smell of frying eggs hit me when I opened the

door. • 我一打开门，一股煎蛋味扑鼻而来。• Eg: 我在厨房里炸一只小鸡。 • In the kitchen I fry the chicken. • 2. arch  n. [C] • Eg: The bridge has five arches for ships of different si

zes. • 这座桥有 5 个拱门，供不同大小的船只通过。

• 3. destroy• vt. damage something so badly that it cannot be used or

repaired •   damage• vt. cause damage to • n. loss of value, attractiveness or useless caused by an

event, accident, etc.

• 4. afford vt. • Eg: He could afford an apartment in the downtown are

a. • 他有能力在市中心买一套公寓。

Eg: I can't afford to buy a car right now. • 目前我还没钱买车。

• 5. amount vi. (~ to) be equal to in quantity （数量上）达到；（意义上）等于

• Eg: The words in the article amount to 3,000. • 这篇文章共计 3,000 词。• Eg: His words amount to a refusal. • 他说的话等于是拒绝。

• 6. claim  v. 1) declare to be true; state• Eg: They claimed to have found the way out. • 他们声称已找到出路。• Eg: 大部分政治官员宣称自己的政策有利于大众。• Most political officials claim that their policies will do

good to the public.

• v.2) ask for, take, or state that one should have (something to which one has a right)

• Eg: Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?

• 出了车祸后，你向保险公司要求赔偿了吗？• Eg: 我要求我的朋友付款。• I claim payment from my friend.• n.2) an assertion of a right (as to money or prope

rty) 要求，要求权• Eg: He has no claim on me.• 他没有权利向我要求什么。• 7. deny• deny doing sth • deny that sth is true 

• 8. abandon vt. give up or bring an end to (something) • Eg: 夫妻俩从未放弃找到他们失踪的孩子的希望。 • The couple never abandoned the hope of finding their

lost child. • abandon oneself to 完全屈从于，沉溺于• Eg: She abandoned herself to despair. • 她陷入绝望中。

• 9. tear down• Eg: The city will tear down these buildings to make r

oom for the new highway.• 市政当局要拆毁这些建筑物以让出地方修筑新公路。

• 10. close down • Eg: 这个城市的大小商店星期天都不关门。 • All the stores and shops in this city don't close down on Sunday

s.

• 11. have nothing to do with• Eg: 一些雇主声称应聘者的性别与是否被聘用无关。 • Some employers claim that gender has nothing to do with their

hiring decisions.

• 12. make sense  • Eg: It doesn’t make sense to have so many people work in the o

ffice.• 没道理要那么多人在办公室上班。• Eg : What he said made good sense. • 他说的很有道理。

• Step III: Text Analysis • Para 1 • McDonald's, though, says the building should be torn d

own. • Eg: He is a lazy student. There is no reason, though, to d

rive him out of the classroom.

• Para 2• the oldest of all the Golden Arches in America • the logo of McDonald's

• Para 7• There is no room for a drive-thru window, or for seati

ng inside. • There is (no) room for: there is (no) the need or possibili

ty for something to happen or be done 有（无）……余地（或需要）

• Eg: This is the truth and there is no room for doubt.• 这是事实，而且毋庸置疑。• 我的汽车坐不下我们五个人。• There is no room for the five of us in my car.

• a drive-thru window:• Where people can buy food without getting out of their

car

• Step IV: Exercise• P8 Read the questions and complete the answers

according to the text.• 1.   It was built in Downey, California in 1953.• 2.   Because the building was damaged in an earthquake

and the restaurant is losing money.• 3.   Because they have good memories of that old

McDonald's. • 4.   They believe that McDonald's real purpose is to

rewrite the history.• 5.   His purpose is to tell the story of the first

McDonald's and to show different attitudes of different people towards the restaurant.

• Step IV: Exercise• P9 Using the Right Word

• 1. location 2. denied 3. amount 4. damage • 5. claim 6. actually 7. inspecting 8. structures.

• P9 Working with the Expressions

• 1. in 2. with 3. of 4. from • 5. down 6. away 7. with 8. down

• Step IV: Exercise• P11 Translating• 1. The house was on fire and people inside

were in danger of losing their lives.

• 2. He cannot afford to buy such a fine house.

• 3. Although this idea may sound strange, it does make sense.

• 4. John seems (to be) a nice person. Even so, I don't trust him.

• Step IV: Exercise• P11 Translating• 1. 虽说第一家麦当劳餐馆只售汉堡包和薯条，它还

是成了一种文化的象征。

• 2. 这些人想到餐馆连同他们美好的回忆将一起被摧毁，感到愤怒。

• 3. 他们在利用那次地震作借口。

• 4. 有些人认为，麦当劳想关闭这家餐馆的真正原因与金钱无关。

Disney Mirrors American Culture• Another symbol of America – Disneyland

• Step I: Read through the text and think about the following questions. (time limit: 10mins)

• 1. Finish the exercises of P16. • 2. What does the sentence “Disney lost the

battle but won the war” mean?• 3. Which disadvantages of Disney did the

professors suggest?• 4. Which advantages did people talk about

Disney?

• Step II: New Words• 1. mirror vt. • Eg: It's well accepted that one's eyes mirror one's thoughts. • 眼睛是心灵的窗口，这已成为共识。• Eg: 清澈的水中映出蔚蓝的天空。• The clear water mirrored the blue sky.• n. as calm as a mirror 水平如镜• 2. defeat vt. • Eg: Our school team defeated our neighbor's team by three to

one. • 我们校队以 3:1战胜邻校校队。

• 3. purchase n. [C; U] • Eg: The company gave each employee some money for the purchase

of their houses. • 公司给每位雇员一些钱买房。• Eg: 她打开盒子看自己刚买的东西。 • She opened the box and looked at her purchase. • vt. • Eg: His family had purchased 35 percent of the shares of the compa

ny. • 他的家人已购买了该公司 35% 的股份。• Eg: 他们刚刚在乡下买了一栋房子。• They’ve just purchased a new house in the country.

• 5. rush  n. [C] be in a rush• v. rush into, rush out, rush up the stairs• 6. uniformity n. [U]• Eg: I don’t like the uniformity of clothes that those workers

wear. • 我不喜欢那些工人的呆板的穿着。• Eg: There seems to be no uniformity among these various pr

ograms. • 这些不同的项目之间似乎没有共性。• Eg: 一些居民不喜欢这个地区房屋的单一性 • Some residents dislike the uniformity of the houses in this ar

ea.

• 7. oppose vt. 1) disagree with something and try to stop it from happening

• Eg: My parents firmly oppose my plan to buy a big house.

• 我父母坚决反对我买大房子的计划。• Eg: My aunt is a traditional woman and is totally oppos

ed to women going out to work.• 我阿姨是个传统的人，她完全反对妇女出去工作。• Eg: 他们强烈反对开发核武器。 • They are strongly opposed to the development of nucle

ar weapons.

• 2) fight or compete with … in a battle, competition or election

• Eg: It's not the best way to oppose force with force. • 以暴抗暴不是最好的办法。• Eg: 我们应该不遗余力地抵抗敌人。 • We should spare no effort to oppose our enemies. • 8. critical adj. • Eg: She looks at everything with a critical eye. • 她看任何事物都带着挑剔的眼光。• *3）决定性的，关键性的• Eg: it is reported that the meeting will be critical as many i

mportant decisions will be made.• 据报道，本次会议将作出许多重要决定，因此意义重大。

• 9. anything but  • Eg: That little bridge is anything but safe. • 这座小桥一点也不安全。• Eg: 我敢肯定他绝不是小偷。 • I bet/ am sure he is anything but a thief. • 10. more than a little  • Eg: I'm more than a little angry with his words. • 他的话让我非常生气。• Eg: 在中国北方，初秋下雪真是很奇怪 .

• It's more than a little strange to snow in early autumn in North China.

• 9. of the worst kind  • Eg: He’s an actor of the worst kind. • 他的演技糟糕透顶。• Eg: 那次地震是美国历史上最严重的自然灾害。• That earthquake was a natural disaster of the worst kind in U.S. hist

ory. • 10. at work  • Eg: Crime in this area is controlled, and this shows that the

effort of the police is at work. • 这个地方的犯罪情况得到控制，可见警方的努力在其作用。

• Step III: Text Analysis• Para3.• Capital Cities/ABC Inc. • Capital Cities/ABC Inc., directly or through its subsidiar

ies ( 子公司 ), operates the ABC Television Network, 8 television stations, the ABC Radio Networks and 18 radio stations. The company also publishes daily and weekly newspapers, shopping guides, various specialized and business periodicals ( 期刊 ) and books.

• last month, the company founded by Walter Elias Disney in 1923 deepened its claim on American culture.

• deepen its claim on: have its influence on

• Para13.• Abraham Lincoln's historic Gettysburg Address • The Gettysburg Address is a speech delivered on Nov.1

8, 1863 by Abraham Lincoln at the dedication (落成典礼 ) of the national cemetery (国家公墓 ) on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg (葛底斯堡战役 ) in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Lincoln's speech not only memorialized the dead, but also gave the idea of equality. It is the best-known speech of Abraham Lincoln.

• Step IV: Exercise• P17 Using the Right Word

• 1. purchasing 2. critical 3. defeat 4. opposed • 5. value 6. provide 7. treated 8. uniform

• P18 Working with the Expressions

• 1. at 2. out 3. to 4. out • 5. against 6. on 7. to 8. in

Invitation Letters

• Invitation letters→ informal invitation letters

↘ formal invitation letters• Formal invitation letters are used between companies,

schools or some other institutions, for some formal social events.

• Informal invitation letters are used between friends or relatives.

• Read the sample invitations on your book (P19).

Invitation Letters

• Invitation Card• 第一行：发帖者的身份，姓名• 第二行：邀请用语• 第三行：被邀请者的姓名• 第四行之后依次为：活动名称、活动地点和活动时间

• 邀请者地址在左下角• 回复要求连同截止日期在右下角

Invitation LettersThe Directors of Turner communications

have the pleasure of inviting

Helen Williamson

to attend the

Grand Opening Ceremony

of their new Office Supplies Superstore

at 534 Fourth Avenue

Cleveland, Ohio

RSVP by April 15, 2009

Sample 1

Invitation Letters• Dear Sir/Madam,

Thank you for your letter of [date]. I'm glad that you are also going to [place] next month. It would be a great pleasure to meet you at the [exhibition/trade fair]. Our company is having a reception at [hotel] on the evening of [date] and I would be very pleased if you could attend. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours sincerely, [name] [title]

Sample 2

Invitation Letters• Some sentences are commonly used in invitation ca

rds or letters.• 1. I’d like… come to dinner.• 2. Request the pleasure/ honor of (your presence)• 3. The favor of a reply is requested.• 4. May I have the honor of your company at dinner?• 5. We sincerely hope you can attend …• 6. Please confirm your participation at your earliest co

nvenience.• 7. The reception will be held in…, on…

Invitation Letters• 8. We thought it would be pleasant to have

some of our friends to celebrate…

• 9. Please let me know as soon as possible if you can come and tell me when you will be able to do so.

• 10. We’ll be awaiting your arrival on the twelfth.

Invitation Letters• Group activity

• Suppose you and your partners open a company and there is a big events to take place in the near future. So, you need invite a VIP or other companies to take part in this event. Please make a formal invitation letter and a invitation card respectively.

Invitation Letters• Answer

• P20

• Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Hua

• dinner

• Friday 18th January

• 7 pm

• suite 402, No 120 Jianguo Road(W)

Invitation Letters• Answer

• P21

• We take pleasure in inviting you to

• from Oct. 12 to Oct. 15, 2005

• newly designed samples

• will be on exhibition

• please inform us of your date of arrival

Invitation Letters• Answer

• P22

• the honor of your presence

• a reception in White Cloud Guest House

• the 9th September, 2005

• 7:00 to 8:00 pm