Unit Ix Organiztional Culture
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Transcript of Unit Ix Organiztional Culture
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8/9/2019 Unit Ix Organiztional Culture
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BY-PROF.RASHMI GUPTACopyright Houghton Mifflin Company. Allrights reserved.
UNIT IX
ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE,
CREATIVITY & INNOVATION
BY-PROF.RASHMI GUPTA
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8/9/2019 Unit Ix Organiztional Culture
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BY-PROF.RASHMI GUPTACopyright Houghton Mifflin Company. Allrights reserved.
Innovation
CR
E
A
T
I
VI
T
Y
CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
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BY-PROF.RASHMI GUPTACopyright Houghton Mifflin Company. Allrights reserved.
MEANING OF INNOVATION
Innovation is a process of taking new ideas to
satisfied customers. It is the conversion of
new knowledge into new products and
services.
Innovation is about creating
value and increasing efficiency,and therefore growing your
business.
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MEANING OF CREATIVITY
Creativity refers to the process by which novel but
situationally appropriate outcomes are brought about.
The essence of creativity is the element of
freshness,originality and novelty that is appropriate tothe context.
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INNOVATION STRATEGIES
Financial backing to innovation
Give opportunities to employees
Skillful recruitment policy
Information from outside the organization
Target being set for innovation
Employees should be rewarded
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EFFECTIVENESS CRITERIA FOR AN
INNOVATIVE PROCESS
EFFECTIVENESS CRITERIA FOR AN
INNOVATIVE PROCESS
Implement a few ideas at regular intervals
Ensure feedback takes place - there must be
communication channels to originators.
Screening system should be simple, understood by
everyone
Ensure the system is promoted
Transform ideas into reality at a reasonable speed - if
the system is too slow we may be too slow to react to
the market pace and turn off idea originators.
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INNOVATION IN ORGANIZATION
A creative idea needs to be converted into a product
so that it fulfills needs and wants of users. The
process of converting creative idea into a useful
product is called innovation. The most innovative companies of the twentieth
century:
GE GM EASTMAN KODAK
IBM HITACHI
AT&T CANON
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THE PROCESS OF INNOVATION
Stage 1
Setting the
Agenda
Stage 2
Setting the
stage
Stage 3
Testing and
Implementing the
Idea
Stage 4
Assessing the
Outcome
Progress
Success Failure
End End
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Process of Creativity
Step 3- Insight
Step 2- Incubation
Step 4-Verification
Step 1-Preparation
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Creativity Inducing Factors
Creative people
Organisational support
Organisational culture
Diversity.
Exposure
Sufficient time and resources.
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COMMON MISTAKES IN INNOVATION
1. Over-reliance on Pilot Initiatives
2. Unhealthy fascination with Unique CharismaticExamples
3. Misapplication of other Companies Approaches
4. Descent into a Cycle of Self-recrimination
5. Resignation to Superficial Changes
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MEANING OF CULTURE
Organizational culture is a system of shared beliefs
and attitudes that develop within an organization and
guides the behaviour of its members.
It is a set of
ideologies,values,assumptions,beliefs,expectations,
attitude and norms that knit an organisation together
and are shared by its employees
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KEY ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL
CULTURE
Innovation and Risk Taking
The degree to which employees are encouraged to be
innovative & take risk.
Attention to Detail
The degree to which employee are expected to exhibit
accuracy, analysis & attention to details.
Outcome Orientation The degree to which management focuses on result or
outcomes rather than on the techniques & processes
used to achieve those outcome.
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People Orientation
The degree to which management decision take intoconsideration the effect of outcome on people within theorganization.
Team Orientation
The degree to which work activities are organized aroundteam rather than individual.
Aggressiveness
The degree to which people are aggressive & competitiverather than easygoing.
Stability
The degree to which organizational activities emphasizemaintaining the status in contrast to growth
KEY ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL
CULTURE
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Levels of Culture
National Culture
Business Culture
Organisational
Culture
Occupational
Culture
Management
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FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE
It creates distinction between one organization andanother.
It conveys a sense of identity to organization
members. It generates commitment to something larger than
an individuals self interest.
It is a social glue that helps hold the organizationtogether.
It is a sense making and control mechanism thatguides and shapes the attitudes and behaviour ofpeople.
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EFFECTS OF CULTURE
Effective control
Promotion of innovation
Strategy formulation & innovation
Strong commitment from employees
Performance & satisfaction
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HOW IS CULTURE CREATED?
Culture is formed in response to two major
challenges that confront every organization:-
External adaptation & survival
Internal integration
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How employees learn culture
Stories
Rituals
Material symbol Language
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Authoritarian culture
Participative culture
Mechanistic culture
Organic culture
Sub-cultures and Dominant culture
TYPES OF CULTURE
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Authoritarian culture
In authoritarian culture, there is a centralization of power with the leader
& obedience to orders & discipline are stressed.
Any disobedience is punished severely.
It is assumed that leader know what is good for the organization &
always acts in its interest.
Participative culture
Participative culture tends to emerge where most organizational
members see themselves as equals & take part in decision-making.
TYPES OF CULTURE
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Mechanistic Cultures
This culture exhibits the values of bureaucracy.
Authority flows down from the top of the organisation to the lower levels
Communication flows through prescribed channels.
There is great departmental loyalty.
It resist change and innovation.
Organic Culture
Emphasis on task accomplishment, team work and free flow of
communication. There is widespread understanding of the problem, threats & opportunities
the organization is facing.
There is Flexibility, Change & Innovation.
TYPES OF CULTURE
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Sub-culture & Dominant Culture
A subculture is a group of people with a culture (whether distinct or
hidden) which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they
belong.
Organizational culture emerges when there is an integration of all
departments (subculture) into a whole.
Subcultures may be even in conflict with the dominant culture.
TYPES OF CULTURE
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Where an organisational culture comes
from?
Organisational
culture
Culture formation
around critical
incident
Property right
system
Identification with
The leaders
Organisational
structure
Organisational
ethics
Characteristics
Of
employees
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Creating a positive Organisational
Culture
A Positive organisational culture is defined as a
culture that emphasizes building on employeestrengths, rewards more than it punishes,and
emphasizes individual vitality and growth.
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rights reserved.
THANK YOU!!!!!!!!!!