UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.
-
Upload
christina-perry -
Category
Documents
-
view
214 -
download
0
Transcript of UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.
![Page 1: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
UNIT – III
DESIGN OF PRODUCT,
SERVICE
AND
WORK SYSTEMS
![Page 2: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Product design:
“The arrangement of elements or parts that
collectively form a product.”
Concerned with the Form and Function of a
product.
![Page 3: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Form design:
- Determines What a product would look like;
(Shape, Appearance)
- What it will be made of;
(Product structure)
- How it will be made
(Process design)
• Aesthetic considerations, and size, volume and
weight of the product.
![Page 4: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Function design:
- What it will perform?
- How it will perform?
Television
Car
Air conditioner
![Page 5: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Process Design:
“Overall sequences of operations required to achieve the
design specifications of the product”
Specifies the
Type of work stations that are to be used
Machines and equipments necessary to carry out the
processes to produce the product.
![Page 6: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Choice of process technology:
Manual,
Mechanized,
Automated technology
Process design related to product design, capable of
achieving the product quality specified.
![Page 7: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Importance of product design
Characteristics of a product
How the product can be made?
Design of the production system.
Affects
Product quality,
Cost of production,
Customer satisfaction
MEETS GLOBAL COMPETITION?
![Page 8: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Objectives of product design
• Profit generation- Long run
• Achieve desired product quality
• Reduce the development time and cost to the minimum
• Reduce the cost of the product
• Ensure design for manufacturing and assembly
![Page 9: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Factors influencing product design
Customer requirements
Convenience of the operator or user
Trade off between function and form
Materials used
Work methods and equipments
![Page 10: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cost/price ratio
Product quality
Process capability
Effecting on existing products
Packaging
![Page 11: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Characteristics of good product design
Function or performance
Appearance or aesthetics
Reliability
Maintainability
Availability
![Page 12: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Producibility
Simplification
Standaradization
Specification
Safety
![Page 13: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Process Planning
Process:Sequence of activities that is intended toachieve some result to create added value to thecustomers.
![Page 14: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Types:
• Conversion process: Converting raw materials
into finished goods. (Metallurgical, chemical,
manufacturing, construction)
• Manufacturing process:
a. Forming : Foundry processes (Casting).
Processes change the shape of the raw material
into the shape of the work piece without
removing or adding raw material.
![Page 15: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
b.Machining: Metal removal operations such as
turning, milling, drilling, grinding, shaping, boring.
c. Assembly: Joining of parts or components to
produce assemblies having specific functions.
Welding, brazing, soldering, riveting, fastening
with bolts and nuts, joining using adhesives.
• Testing process: Involves inspection and testing.
![Page 16: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Process Planning:
• Process design: Overall sequences of operations
required to achieve the product specifications.
• Operations design: Design of the individual
manufacturing operation. Examines the man-
machine relationship.
![Page 17: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Framework of process design:
• Characteristics of the product or service offered to
the customers.
• Expected volume of output
• Kinds of equipments and machines available in the
firm
• Whether equipments and machines should be of
special purpose or general purpose,.
• Cost of equipments and machines needed
![Page 18: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Kind of labour skills available, amount of labour
available and their wage rate.
• Expenditure to be incurred for manufacturing
process
• Whether the process should be capital-intensive
or labour-intensive
• Make or buy decision
• Method of handling materials economically.
![Page 19: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Process selection:
Primary questions:
• How much variety of products or services will the
system need to handle?
• What degree of equipment flexibility will be
needed?
• What is the expected volume of output?
![Page 20: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Process strategy:
• “An organization’s approach to process selection
for the purpose of transforming resource inputs
into goods and services.”
• Objective is to find a way to produce goods and
services that meet customer requirement and
product specification within the constraints of
cost and other managerial limitations.
![Page 21: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
• Key aspects:
• Make or buy decisions: The extent to which a firm
will produce goods or provide services in-house or
go for outsourcing.
• Capital intensity: The mix of equipment and
labour that will be used by the firm.
![Page 22: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Process flexibility: The degree to which the
system can be adjusted to changes in
processing requirements due to such factors
as changes in product or services design,
changes in volume of products produced and
changes in technology.
![Page 23: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Process strategies:
• Process focus: Focus on machinery and equipment,
layout and supervision. (Intermittent processes)
• Repetitive focus: Product oriented production
process that uses modules. (Assembly line)
• Product focus: Facility organized around products, a
product oriented, high-volume, low-variety process.
(Continuous process).
![Page 24: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Process decisions:
This is done when
• A new or modified product or service is being offered.
• Quality must be improved.
• Competitive priorities have been changed.
• Demand for a product or service is changing.
• Cost or availability of materials has changed.
• Competitors are doing better by using a new technology
or a new process.
![Page 25: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Five common process decisions:
• Process choice: Determines whether resources are
organized around products or processes in order
to implement the flow strategy. It depends on the
volumes and degree of customization to be
provided.
![Page 26: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Vertical integration: Degree to which a firm’s
own production system handles the entire
supply chain starting from procurement of raw
materials to distribution of finished goods.
![Page 27: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Resource flexibility: The ease with which
equipments and workers can handle a wide
variety of products, levels of output, duties and
functions.
![Page 28: UNIT – III DESIGN OF PRODUCT, SERVICE AND WORK SYSTEMS.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062517/56649f305503460f94c4a6ed/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Customer involvement: The ways in which
customers become part of the production process
and the extent of their participation.
• Capital intensity: The mix of equipment and
human skills in a production process.