Unit II Classical Civilizations
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Transcript of Unit II Classical Civilizations
Unit II Classical Civilizations
Early African Cultures/Traditional Society/Bantu Migrations7/2013
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Migration - A permanent move from one country or region to another
Push-Pull Factors - Factors that either push or pull people out of an area or pull them into an area.7/2013
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Causes of Migration
Environmental
Economic
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Causes of Migration
Environmental
Positive (Pull) Negative (Push)
•Climate changes•Exhausted resources•Earthquakes•Volcanoes•Drought/famine
•Abundant land•New resources•Good climate
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Causes of Migration
Economic
Positive (Pull) Negative (Push)
•Unemployment•Slavery
•Employment opportunities
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Causes of Migration
Political
Positive (Pull) Negative (Push)
•Religious, ethnic, or political
persecution, war
•Political and/or religious freedom
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Effects of Migration• Redistribution of the population may change population density.
• Cultural blending of languages or ways of life may occur.
• Ideas and technologies may be shared.
• People’s quality of life may be improved as a result of moving.7/2013
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Effects of Migration• Clashes between groups may create unrest, persecution, or even war.
• Environmental conditions may change, causing famine or depleted natural resources.
• Employment opportunities may dry up, creating unemployment and poverty.
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How did Bantu speakers and the people they encountered react to one another?
• As Bantu speakers spread south into hunter-gatherers’ lands, territorial wars often broke out
• Bantu people exchanged ideas and intermarried with people they joined.
• Created new cultures with unique customs and traditions (newtechniques for agriculture, ironworking to forge tools, weapons from copper and iron, social and political organization)
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• Made up of 52 countries and up to 1,000 different languages.
• African rivers have many rapids & waterfalls (hydroelectricity) but poor for transportation andcommunication
• Smooth coastline with escarpments (lack of good harborsAnd trade becomes difficult).
• Mountains – Kilimanjaro (highest), Kenya, Atlas, andDrakensberg
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Tectonic plate - segment of Earth's crust: a segment of the Earth's crust that moves relative to other segments and ischaracterized by volcanic and seismic activity around its margins
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Our first evidence of tectonic motion is based on similar fossils and rock types on opposing sides of the ocean
Tectonic Plates
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British anthropologist Dr Louis S B Leakey (1903 - 1972) sits at a table with four skulls, including the skull of the
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Kilimanjaro MountainAfrican Rivers African Deserts
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Desertification
• Scarcity of fertile farmland, pastures for livestock challenge for many Africans today
• Farmers must plant crops in poor soil
• Herders have to graze animals in extremely dry regions
Environmental Challenges• Result: soil in these areas dries
out, natural grasses cannot grow
• Sahara, Sahel deserts expanding due to desertification, spread of desert like conditions
• Desertification contributes to cycles of drought, famine that plague many African countries today
Desert like Conditions
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Identify Cause and Effect
What causes desertification in Africa?
Answer(s): planting crops in poor soil and grazing animals in dry areas, causing soil to dry out even more.7/2013
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