Unit ii
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Transcript of Unit ii
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River Valley Civilizations
What was the relationship between early people and the environment?
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River Valley Civilizations
Why did hunters and gatherers not have permanent homes?
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River Valley Civilizations
What are the changes that took place as a result of the Neolithic Revolution?
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Early Civilizations
Elements of a Civilization
Writing SystemsOrganized
Government
Urban Setting
Contributions
New Technologies
Writing Systems
Architecture
Organized Economy Based on Trade
Locations
LawsOrganized Religions
Tigris-Euphrates
Nile
Yellow/Huang He
Indus
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Civilization: Highly organized community with advanced elements of culture; politics, economy, art, technology, etc
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The 4 Major River Valley Civilizations
River Valley: Nile
Civilization: Egyptian
Important Things to Know:
Leader called Pharaoh (King/God)
Built the Pyramids – tombs for the Pharaohs
Developed Hieroglyphics – picture-based writing
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Rosetta Stone:
Written in Latin, Greek and Egyptian
Helped to translate the Hieroglyphics
Hoax?
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Old Kingdom
United Upper and Lower Nile Pyramids & Sphinx
Mummification
Hieroglyphics
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Mummification
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Mummification
Body cleaned andWrapped (Embalmed)
Incased in goldSarcophagus
Grave Robbers
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Sarcophagi
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Developed Hieroglyphics
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Hieroglyphics
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Khufu
Built the Great Pyramid (Giza)
Had the Sphinx built
Pyramids for son and grandson
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Pyramids
Sandstone & Limestone Treasure buried with
PharaohsTombs of the Pharaohs
Which came first?Servants buried alive?
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Sphinx
Built in the image of the Pharaoh How?
Body of Lion NOVA:Riddles of the
Head of the Pharaoh Sphinx
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Middle Kingdom
Created new farm land
Improved Technology (Irrigation)
Hyksos Invasion (Chariots)
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New Kingdom
Hatshepsut – first female pharaoh
Expand trade
Thutmoses III – Stepson, Military Power, Restored Sphinx
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New KingdomTutankhamen – King Tut
Found by Howard Carter in 1922
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New Kingdom
Ramses II – 66 year rule Peace treaty
Battles with Hittites (Asia) Great Builder
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Ramses II
Regarded as the greatest, most celebrated,and most powerful pharaoh.
At 14 appointed Prince Regent by Seti
Expanded Empire to greatest lengths
Syria Campaign
The Ramesseum – series of monumentsand Temples
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The Ramesseum
“A kingdom greater than that of my father” – Ramses II
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Abu Simbel
Relocated in 1968 due to Aswan High Dam
Queen Nefertari
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Moses
Born under the rule of Ramses I (Seti)
Kill all new born boys
Escaped on Nile
Became Prince of Egypt
Killed Slave Master
Returned to free the Hebrews
Exodus / Plagues of Egypt
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The 4 Major River Valley Civilizations
River Valley: Tigris / Euphrates
Civilization: Sumerian / Babylonian
Important Things to Know:
Also called Mesopotamia (Greek for “land between two rivers”)
Located in the Fertile Crescent
Developed Cuneiform – wedge-shaped writing
Invented the wheel
First written laws: Code of Hammurabi
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Code of Hammurabi
1780 BC
Code consists of 282 laws
Scaled Punishments
"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”
Social Status
Justice?
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon
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The 4 Major River Valley Civilizations
River Valley: Indus
Civilization: Indian
Important Things to Know:
Two main cities
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro – very well organized
Learned to weave cotton into cloth
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The 4 Major River Valley Civilizations
River Valley: Huang He (Yellow)
Civilization: Chinese
Important Things to Know:
Writing symbols represented whole ideas
Called themselves The Middle Kingdom, which is the belief that they were the center of the world (most important, better than others
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What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
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What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
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What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
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What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
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What these Civilizations contributed to our life:
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Essential Questions
How is a civilization different from a community?
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Essential Questions
What is the reason that the greatest early civilizations all developed in river valleys?
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Essential Questions
Compare and contrast the Nile and Tigris-Euphrates civilizations
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Essential Questions
Why was the development of writing systems so important to the development of civilizations?