Unit Four SeminarUnit Four Seminar

Intro to Management AB140Intro to Management AB140Instructor: Jill BurgettInstructor: Jill Burgett

**Don’t forget to make sure your volume **Don’t forget to make sure your volume is up.is up.

Unit Four CourseworkUnit Four Coursework DiscussionDiscussion Be sure to post three times (min 100 words) Be sure to post three times (min 100 words) on three on three

separate days separate days (from Wed-Tues) to receive full credit.(from Wed-Tues) to receive full credit.– Your first post should answer the discussion question and your Your first post should answer the discussion question and your

second two posts should be responses to classmates. second two posts should be responses to classmates. AssignmentAssignment

– Read a scenario about Sandwich Blitz, Inc. and answer four Read a scenario about Sandwich Blitz, Inc. and answer four questions (questions (min of 1 page min of 1 page and and watch grammarwatch grammar).).

– Go to Academic Resources to review the Writing Tutorial and Go to Academic Resources to review the Writing Tutorial and visit the Writing Center for assistance on grammar.visit the Writing Center for assistance on grammar.

– I posted an announcement with some APA help.I posted an announcement with some APA help. ReviewReview

– Ten multiple choice questionsTen multiple choice questions

***All Unit Four work is due by next Tuesday by 11:59 PM EST***All Unit Four work is due by next Tuesday by 11:59 PM EST

Tonight’s SeminarTonight’s Seminar

What to expect in Unit Four What to expect in Unit Four Chapter 6Chapter 6

– Second of the four management Second of the four management functions: functions: OrganizingOrganizing

– Fundamentals of Organizing: Fundamentals of Organizing: Differentiation and IntegrationDifferentiation and Integration

– The Vertical Structure: Span of controlThe Vertical Structure: Span of control Preview of Unit FivePreview of Unit Five

Fundamentals of OrganizingFundamentals of Organizing Organization chart: Organization chart: reporting structure and reporting structure and

division of labor in an organization.division of labor in an organization. Mechanistic organization:Mechanistic organization: a formal a formal

structure intended to promote internal structure intended to promote internal efficiency.efficiency.

Organic Structure:Organic Structure: An organizational form An organizational form that emphasizes flexibility characterized by:that emphasizes flexibility characterized by:– Broader responsibilities that change as the need arisesBroader responsibilities that change as the need arises– Communication through advice and informationCommunication through advice and information– Decentralized decision making and influenceDecentralized decision making and influence– Expertise is highly valuedExpertise is highly valued– Reliance on judgment rather than rulesReliance on judgment rather than rules– Obedience to authority is less important than commitment to the Obedience to authority is less important than commitment to the

organization’s goals.organization’s goals.– Employees depend more on one another and relate more Employees depend more on one another and relate more

informally and personally.informally and personally.

Fundamentals of OrganizingFundamentals of Organizing

DifferentiationDifferentiation: an aspect of the : an aspect of the organization’s internal environment organization’s internal environment created by job specialization and the created by job specialization and the division of labor.division of labor.

IntegrationIntegration: The degree to which : The degree to which differentiated work units work differentiated work units work together and coordinate their efforts.together and coordinate their efforts.

Differentiation Is…Differentiation Is…

High when an organization has many High when an organization has many subunits and many specialists who subunits and many specialists who think differentlythink differently

Created throughCreated through– Division of laborDivision of labor – when the work of the – when the work of the

organization is subdivided into smaller organization is subdivided into smaller tasks to be performed by individuals.tasks to be performed by individuals.

– SpecializationSpecialization – different people or – different people or groups perform specific parts of the larger groups perform specific parts of the larger task.task.

Integration Is… Integration Is…

The degree to which differentiated The degree to which differentiated work units work together and work units work together and coordinate their efforts.coordinate their efforts.

Accomplished through structural Accomplished through structural mechanismsmechanisms

Any job activity that links work unitsAny job activity that links work units High differentiation and high High differentiation and high

integration leads to success in integration leads to success in dynamic environments.dynamic environments.

Test Your KnowledgeTest Your Knowledge

In the study by Lawrence and Lorsch, companies in In the study by Lawrence and Lorsch, companies in complex, dynamic environments developed _____ complex, dynamic environments developed _____ levels of differentiation; and _____ levels of integrationlevels of differentiation; and _____ levels of integrationA) low; low A) low; low B)B) intermediate; highintermediate; highC)C) high; highhigh; highD)D) low; high low; high E)E) high; low high; low

The Vertical StructureThe Vertical Structure

AuthorityAuthority – legitimate right to make – legitimate right to make decisions and to tell other people what to decisions and to tell other people what to do.do.

Formal authorityFormal authority– Based on formal positionBased on formal position– e.g., Board of directors, Chief executive e.g., Board of directors, Chief executive

officer, Top management teamofficer, Top management team Informal authorityInformal authority

– Based on expertise, experience, or personal Based on expertise, experience, or personal qualitiesqualities

– e.g., scientists, computer-savvy employeese.g., scientists, computer-savvy employees

HierarchyHierarchy

Three broad levels of the Three broad levels of the organizational pyramidorganizational pyramid– Top managementTop management– Middle managementMiddle management– Operational management Operational management

(Lower/Frontline)(Lower/Frontline)

Span of ControlSpan of Control

The number of subordinates who report The number of subordinates who report directly to an executive or supervisordirectly to an executive or supervisor

The optimal span of control maximizes The optimal span of control maximizes effectiveness by balancing two effectiveness by balancing two considerations:considerations:– Must be narrow enough to permit Must be narrow enough to permit

managers to maintain control over managers to maintain control over subordinatessubordinates

– Must not be so narrow that it leads to Must not be so narrow that it leads to overcontrol and an excessive number of overcontrol and an excessive number of managers overseeing a few subordinatesmanagers overseeing a few subordinates

When should span be wide?When should span be wide?

1.1. The work is clearly defined and The work is clearly defined and unambiguousunambiguous

2.2. Subordinates are highly trained and Subordinates are highly trained and have access to informationhave access to information

3.3. The manager is highly capable and The manager is highly capable and supportivesupportive

4.4. Jobs are similar and performance Jobs are similar and performance measures are comparablemeasures are comparable

5.5. Subordinates prefer autonomy to Subordinates prefer autonomy to close supervisory controlclose supervisory control

DelegationDelegation

The assignment of new or additional The assignment of new or additional responsibilities to a subordinate.responsibilities to a subordinate.

Requires a subordinate to report back Requires a subordinate to report back to his or her boss about how to his or her boss about how effectively the assignment was carried effectively the assignment was carried out.out.

Fundamental feature of management Fundamental feature of management at all levelsat all levels

Good spot for discussionGood spot for discussion

Manager A and B Manager A and B (Delegation)(Delegation)

Manager AManager ACall Tom Burton at Nittany Office Equipment. Ask him toCall Tom Burton at Nittany Office Equipment. Ask him togive you the price list on an upgrade for our personalgive you the price list on an upgrade for our personalcomputers. I want to move up to a Core 2 Duo processorcomputers. I want to move up to a Core 2 Duo processorwith 4 gigs of RAM and at least a 500-gigabyte hard drive.with 4 gigs of RAM and at least a 500-gigabyte hard drive.Ask them to give you a demonstration, and let them try itAsk them to give you a demonstration, and let them try itout. Have them write up a summary of their needs and theout. Have them write up a summary of their needs and thepotential applications they see for the new systems. Thenpotential applications they see for the new systems. Thenprepare me a report with the costs and specifications of theprepare me a report with the costs and specifications of theupgrade for the entire department. Oh, yes, be sure to askupgrade for the entire department. Oh, yes, be sure to askfor information on service costs.for information on service costs.

Manager A and B Manager A and B (Delegation)(Delegation)

Manager BManager BI’d like to do something about our personal I’d like to do something about our personal computer system. I’ve been getting some computer system. I’ve been getting some complaints that the current systems are too complaints that the current systems are too slow, can’t run current software, and don’t slow, can’t run current software, and don’t allow for networking. Could you evaluate our allow for networking. Could you evaluate our options and give me a recommendation on options and give me a recommendation on what we should do? Our budget is around what we should do? Our budget is around $2,500 per person, but I’d like to stay under $2,500 per person, but I’d like to stay under that if we can. Feel free to talk to some of the that if we can. Feel free to talk to some of the managers to get their input, but need to have managers to get their input, but need to have this done as soon as possible.this done as soon as possible.

Advantages of DelegationAdvantages of Delegation Leverages the manager’s energy and talent and Leverages the manager’s energy and talent and

those of his or her subordinatesthose of his or her subordinates Conserves a manager’s timeConserves a manager’s time Develops effective subordinatesDevelops effective subordinates Gives the subordinate a more important jobGives the subordinate a more important job Subordinate gains an opportunity to develop new Subordinate gains an opportunity to develop new

skills and demonstrate potential for additional skills and demonstrate potential for additional responsibilities and perhaps promotionresponsibilities and perhaps promotion

Promotes a sense of being an important, Promotes a sense of being an important, contributing member of the organization leading contributing member of the organization leading to stronger commitment, perform their tasks to stronger commitment, perform their tasks better, and engage in more innovation.better, and engage in more innovation.

Steps in Effective Steps in Effective DelegationDelegation

Unit Five CourseworkUnit Five Coursework DiscussionDiscussion

– Be sure to post three times (min 100 words) on three separate Be sure to post three times (min 100 words) on three separate days (from Wed-Tues) to receive full credit.days (from Wed-Tues) to receive full credit.

– Reference the Leading and Management section on Reference the Leading and Management section on page 210page 210– Your first post should answer the discussion question and your Your first post should answer the discussion question and your

second two posts (on separate days)should be responses to second two posts (on separate days)should be responses to classmates. All posts should be a minimum of 100 words.classmates. All posts should be a minimum of 100 words.

Review QuizReview Quiz– Ten multiple choice questions on unit five coursework to be Ten multiple choice questions on unit five coursework to be

completed by next Tuesday.completed by next Tuesday. Scenario QuizScenario Quiz

– Ten multiple choice questions on the sources of power that Ten multiple choice questions on the sources of power that Dalman and Lei can use at Sandwich BlitzDalman and Lei can use at Sandwich Blitz

– To be completed by next TuesdayTo be completed by next Tuesday– Two hour time limit. Can enter quiz only once.Two hour time limit. Can enter quiz only once.***All Unit Five work is due by next Tuesday at 11:59 PM EST***All Unit Five work is due by next Tuesday at 11:59 PM EST

Leading and ManagingLeading and Managing

LeadingLeadingSetting the direction Setting the direction

for the firmfor the firmInspiring people to Inspiring people to

attain the visionattain the visionKeep people focused Keep people focused

on moving the on moving the organization toward organization toward its ideal future, its ideal future, motivating people motivating people to overcome any to overcome any obstaclesobstacles

ManagingManagingDeal with ongoing Deal with ongoing

day-to-day day-to-day complexitiescomplexities

Requires planning Requires planning and budgeting and budgeting routinesroutines

Requires structuring Requires structuring the organization, the organization, staffing it with staffing it with capable people, capable people, and monitoring and monitoring activitiesactivities

Scenario QuizScenario Quiz Business is going relatively well at Sandwich Blitz, Inc. However, Business is going relatively well at Sandwich Blitz, Inc. However,

Dalman and Lei have noticed that an increasing number of Dalman and Lei have noticed that an increasing number of employees and store managers are arriving late to work. They are employees and store managers are arriving late to work. They are wondering what they should do. wondering what they should do.

Answer a series of 10 multiple choice questions. Answer a series of 10 multiple choice questions.

Referring to the textbook section on Referring to the textbook section on Power and Leadership on Power and Leadership on pages 211 and 212pages 211 and 212, which of the 5 sources of power should , which of the 5 sources of power should Dalman and Lei employ to address the problem of employee and Dalman and Lei employ to address the problem of employee and manager tardiness at work? manager tardiness at work?

Sources of PowerSources of Power

Sources of PowerSources of Power

Legitimate Power (Authority)Legitimate Power (Authority)::– Right or authority to tell others Right or authority to tell others

what to dowhat to do– Employees are obligated to comply Employees are obligated to comply

with legitimate orderswith legitimate orders

Sources of PowerSources of Power

Reward PowerReward Power::– Influences others because of Influences others because of

control over rewardcontrol over reward– People comply with the leader’s People comply with the leader’s

wishes to receive those rewards.wishes to receive those rewards.

Sources of PowerSources of Power

Coercive Power:Coercive Power:– Has control over punishmentHas control over punishment– People comply to avoid those People comply to avoid those

punishmentspunishments

Sources of PowerSources of Power

Referent Power:Referent Power:– Personal characteristics that Personal characteristics that

appeal to othersappeal to others– People comply because of People comply because of

admiration, personal liking, a admiration, personal liking, a desire for approval, or a desire to desire for approval, or a desire to be like the leaderbe like the leader

Sources of PowerSources of Power

Expert Power:Expert Power:– Expertise or knowledge that others believe Expertise or knowledge that others believe

that can learn from or gain fromthat can learn from or gain from– People will comply because they believe in, People will comply because they believe in,

can learn from, or can otherwise gain from can learn from, or can otherwise gain from that expertise.that expertise.

Unit Six- Heads Up!Unit Six- Heads Up!

There will be a QUIZ in unit six on the There will be a QUIZ in unit six on the POLC model that we’ve been POLC model that we’ve been studying.studying.

It will consist of 20 questions and It will consist of 20 questions and you’ll have two hours to complete it.you’ll have two hours to complete it.

Can only enter the QUIZ once.Can only enter the QUIZ once. The next seminar will include a The next seminar will include a

special review.****special review.****

Next SeminarNext Seminar

Please join me next Please join me next week for our unit week for our unit five seminar.five seminar.

Any questions, Any questions, comments, or comments, or concerns?concerns?