Unit 9 World wide web technology: what’s hot and what’s not?

Unit 9Unit 9 World wide web technology:World wide web technology:

what’s hot and what’s not?what’s hot and what’s not?

ContentsContents

Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions Background informationBackground information Structure analysis Structure analysis Comprehension questions Comprehension questions Language points of Text ILanguage points of Text I Grammatical itemsGrammatical items ExercisesExercises Comprehension questions of Text IIComprehension questions of Text II Oral activitiesOral activities Writing practiceWriting practice

Text Text I I World wide web technology:World wide web technology:what’s hot and what’s not?what’s hot and what’s not?

Pre-reading questionsPre-reading questions

1.You must be surfing on the Internet now and 1.You must be surfing on the Internet now and then. How do you feel about the world when then. How do you feel about the world when surfing at the web side?surfing at the web side?

2.What role does the Internet play in your study 2.What role does the Internet play in your study and life?and life?

Background Information ( 1 ) Background Information ( 1 )

Now we are living in the "Age of Information" Now we are living in the "Age of Information" and experiencing technological leaps. Because and experiencing technological leaps. Because the Internet contains a wealth of information, the Internet contains a wealth of information, you will unlock the mystery of the people and you will unlock the mystery of the people and companies that are responsible for their companies that are responsible for their advances through the World Wide Web. Tim advances through the World Wide Web. Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide Web, has been hailed by time magazine as one Web, has been hailed by time magazine as one of the 100 greatest minds of this century. of the 100 greatest minds of this century.

His creation has already changed the way people His creation has already changed the way people do business, entertain themselves, exchange do business, entertain themselves, exchange ideas, and socialize with one another. With new ideas, and socialize with one another. With new online businesses and communities forming online businesses and communities forming every day, the full impact of Berners-Lee's grand every day, the full impact of Berners-Lee's grand scheme has yet to be fully known. Berners-Lee's scheme has yet to be fully known. Berners-Lee's creation was fueled by a highly personal vision creation was fueled by a highly personal vision of the Web as a powerful force for social change of the Web as a powerful force for social change and individual creativity. and individual creativity.

Background Information ( 2 )Background Information ( 2 )

He has never profited personally from the Web bHe has never profited personally from the Web but has devoted himself to its continued growth aut has devoted himself to its continued growth and health. Now, this low-profile genius tells his nd health. Now, this low-profile genius tells his own story of the Web's origins-from its revolutioown story of the Web's origins-from its revolutionary introduction and the creation of the now ubinary introduction and the creation of the now ubiquitous WWW and HTTP acronyms to how he squitous WWW and HTTP acronyms to how he sees the future development of this revolutionary ees the future development of this revolutionary medium. medium.


Today, Berners-Lee continues to facilitate the Today, Berners-Lee continues to facilitate the Web's growth and development as director of Web's growth and development as director of the World Wide Web Consortium and from his the World Wide Web Consortium and from his position at the MIT Laboratory for Computer position at the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science. Berners-Lee offers insights to help Science. Berners-Lee offers insights to help readers understand the true nature of the Web, readers understand the true nature of the Web, enabling them to use it to their fullest enabling them to use it to their fullest advantage. advantage.


He shares his views on such critical issues as ceHe shares his views on such critical issues as censorship, privacy, the increasing power of softwnsorship, privacy, the increasing power of software companies in the online world, and the need are companies in the online world, and the need to find the ideal balance between the commercial to find the ideal balance between the commercial and social forces on the Web. and social forces on the Web.

Background Information (5)Background Information (5)

His incisive criticism of the Web's current state His incisive criticism of the Web's current state makes clear that there is still much work to be dmakes clear that there is still much work to be done. Finally, Berners-Lee presents his own plan one. Finally, Berners-Lee presents his own plan for the Web's future, one that calls for the active for the Web's future, one that calls for the active support and participation of programmers, compsupport and participation of programmers, computer manufacturers, and social organizations to uter manufacturers, and social organizations to make it happen. make it happen.

BackgroundBackground Information (6) Information (6)

Structure analysis ( 1 )Structure analysis ( 1 )

Part I (Paragraphs 1)Part I (Paragraphs 1) This paragraph epitomizes the advantages or This paragraph epitomizes the advantages or

benefits of the World Wide Web: the Web is like benefits of the World Wide Web: the Web is like one great big library with all the books or various one great big library with all the books or various kinds of information available to youkinds of information available to you

Questions:Questions: 1) Does the web contain different kinds of books?1) Does the web contain different kinds of books? 2) Summarize the benefits the World Wide Web offers?2) Summarize the benefits the World Wide Web offers?

Part II (Paragraphs 2 to 8)Part II (Paragraphs 2 to 8) These seven paragraphs, making up the These seven paragraphs, making up the

body of the text, illustrate and exemplify body of the text, illustrate and exemplify the advantages and undesirable aspects of the advantages and undesirable aspects of the Internet and the Web.the Internet and the Web.


Questions:Questions: 1) Which of these paragraphs illustrate the 1) Which of these paragraphs illustrate the

benefits of the Internet and the Web?benefits of the Internet and the Web? 2) What undesirable things are seen wrong with 2) What undesirable things are seen wrong with

the Internet the Internet 3) what is the writer’s opinion about the Internet 3) what is the writer’s opinion about the Internet

phenomenon?phenomenon?


Part III (Paragraphs 9)Part III (Paragraphs 9) The paragraph, the conclusion of the essay, The paragraph, the conclusion of the essay,

draws attention to the writer’s eagerness to be draws attention to the writer’s eagerness to be able to dispose of all of his junk mail, able to dispose of all of his junk mail, catalogues, etc, by locating them in his catalogues, etc, by locating them in his computer so that he can easily find the things computer so that he can easily find the things by accessing the Web.by accessing the Web.


Questions: Questions:

1) What is the writer anxious to be able to do?1) What is the writer anxious to be able to do?

2) What does the last paragraph imply?2) What does the last paragraph imply?


Comprehensive questions ( 1 )Comprehensive questions ( 1 )

Decide which of the following best states the Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose of writing.author's purpose of writing.

A. To emphasize the merits of World Wide Web A. To emphasize the merits of World Wide Web technology. technology.

B. To complain about the net speed.B. To complain about the net speed. C. To marvel at the ever-increasing rate of C. To marvel at the ever-increasing rate of

commercials on net. commercials on net. D. To comment on the role World Wide Web D. To comment on the role World Wide Web

plays in life and work. plays in life and work.

Answer the following questions:Answer the following questions:

1. what is the Web compared to at the 1. what is the Web compared to at the beginning of the article?beginning of the article?

It is compared to a library. ( Paragraph 1 ) It is compared to a library. ( Paragraph 1 )


2. Which is faster to get the music the author 2. Which is faster to get the music the author wanted, from the office next door or on a web wanted, from the office next door or on a web site from France?site from France?

It is faster to get the music on a web site from It is faster to get the music on a web site from France. ( Paragraph 2 )France. ( Paragraph 2 )


3. How did the author conclude from a national 3. How did the author conclude from a national radio news broadcast?radio news broadcast?

He found the solution to his problem from the He found the solution to his problem from the web site’s frequently asked questions page. web site’s frequently asked questions page.

4. What did the author conclude from a national 4. What did the author conclude from a national radio news broadcast?radio news broadcast?

He concluded that commercial action on the He concluded that commercial action on the Internet is growing at an ever increasing rate.Internet is growing at an ever increasing rate.


5. What is suggested about the student’s 5. What is suggested about the student’s request for a letter of recommendation?request for a letter of recommendation?

It is suggested that almost everything be found It is suggested that almost everything be found on the Internet. on the Internet.


6. In what area does the author see wrong with 6. In what area does the author see wrong with the Internet as it currently exists?the Internet as it currently exists?

They are lack of bandwidth, evolving standards, They are lack of bandwidth, evolving standards, low interactivity, the current economic model, low interactivity, the current economic model, growing pains, passwords, etc. growing pains, passwords, etc.


Language points of Text ( 1 )ⅠLanguage points of Text ( 1 )Ⅰ 1.. access 1.. access (1) v. succeed in finding or obtaining (1) v. succeed in finding or obtaining

information from a computer's memoryinformation from a computer's memory In modem times it is easy and convenient to In modem times it is easy and convenient to

accessaccess various kinds of information from a various kinds of information from a computer's memory.computer's memory.

(2) (2) n.n. means, right, or opportunity to use, means, right, or opportunity to use, reach, or enterreach, or enter

It is quite important for students to have easy It is quite important for students to have easy accessaccess to books in their studies. to books in their studies.

2.. pile :make a pile of; load, fill or cover 2.. pile :make a pile of; load, fill or cover plentifullyplentifully

He He piledpiled the boxes one on top of another. the boxes one on top of another. The little boy was The little boy was pilingpiling up his building up his building

blocks. blocks. He He piledpiled the spaghetti onto his plate. the spaghetti onto his plate. The cart was The cart was piledpiled high with fruit and high with fruit and

vegetables.vegetables.

Language points of Text ( 2 )ⅠLanguage points of Text ( 2 )Ⅰ

3. click 3. click strike or move with a slightstrike or move with a slight sharp sound sharp sound She She clickedclicked her fingers in time her fingers in time to the music. to the music. The soldiers The soldiers clickedclicked their heels together. their heels together. make a slight sharp sound, esp. as a result of make a slight sharp sound, esp. as a result of

movement movement The bolt The bolt clickedclicked into place. /The door into place. /The door clickedclicked

shut. shut.


4.. paste 4.. paste Here in the text the word paste means an Here in the text the word paste means an

action of pasting. Normally, paste as a noun action of pasting. Normally, paste as a noun means a soft sticky mixture of powder and means a soft sticky mixture of powder and liquid that is easily shaped or spread, or a thin liquid that is easily shaped or spread, or a thin mixture of flour and water used for sticking mixture of flour and water used for sticking paper together or onto other surfaces. Add paper together or onto other surfaces. Add water to the powder, stir them into a water to the powder, stir them into a paste,paste, and and fill the cracks with it. Posts about the jazz fill the cracks with it. Posts about the jazz concert were stuck up on walls with paste all concert were stuck up on walls with paste all over the university.over the university.


5. word processor : a purpose-built computer 5. word processor : a purpose-built computer system for electronically storing texts system for electronically storing texts entered from a keyboard, incorporating entered from a keyboard, incorporating corrections, and providing a printout corrections, and providing a printout

There is a There is a word processorword processor in each computer. in each computer.


6. slight : small in degree;6. slight : small in degree; not not considerable or considerable or noticeable noticeable

There'sThere's been a been a slight change in the plans. slight change in the plans. There is a There is a slightslight pain in my stomach. pain in my stomach. I didn't have the I didn't have the slightestslightest idea about idea about what you what you

said.said. 7. font: a set of types7. font: a set of types of one face or size of one face or size


8. serve (1) do work for-, give service to8. serve (1) do work for-, give service to He has He has servedserved the company for 50 years, first the company for 50 years, first

as office boy and eventually as managing as office boy and eventually as managing director.director.

Membership is restricted to serving officers in Membership is restricted to serving officers in the armed forces.the armed forces.

LanguageLanguage pointspoints of Text ( 7 )Ⅰ of Text ( 7 )Ⅰ

(2) offer (food, drinks, a meal, etc. ) for eating or (2) offer (food, drinks, a meal, etc. ) for eating or drinkingdrinking

Could you all come to the table? We are ready to Could you all come to the table? We are ready to serve.serve.

What time is breakfast What time is breakfast servedserved in this hotel? in this hotel?


(3) be good enough or suitable for a purpose(3) be good enough or suitable for a purpose One room had to serve for both bedroom and One room had to serve for both bedroom and

living room. living room. This incident serves as a reminder of how This incident serves as a reminder of how

dangerous these weapons really are dangerous these weapons really are


9. version :a slightly different form, copy, or 9. version :a slightly different form, copy, or style of an article-, a form of written or musi style of an article-, a form of written or musi cal work that exists in more than one formcal work that exists in more than one form

This dress is a cheaper This dress is a cheaper versionversion of the one we of the one we saw in that shop.saw in that shop.

Did you read the whole book or only the Did you read the whole book or only the abridged version?abridged version?


10. figure 10. figure 1) appear; take an esp. important or noticeable 1) appear; take an esp. important or noticeable

partpart His name did not His name did not figurefigure in the list of those who in the list of those who

had received awards.had received awards. The vice president The vice president figuredfigured prominently in the prominently in the

peace negotiations.peace negotiations.


(2) consider or believe; calculate; come to (2) consider or believe; calculate; come to understand understand

I I figuredfigured that you would want to see me ab that you would want to see me about it. out it.

I still cannot I still cannot figurefigure it — it's a mystery. it — it's a mystery.


11. amazing : causing great surprise or 11. amazing : causing great surprise or wonder, esp. because of quantity or quality wonder, esp. because of quantity or quality

That new car goes at an That new car goes at an amazingamazing speed. speed. It's quite It's quite amazingamazing that he should be so that he should be so

unaware of what's going on.unaware of what's going on.


12. occasion 12. occasion (1) a time when sth. happens; a suitable or favor(1) a time when sth. happens; a suitable or favor

able time On that able time On that occasionoccasion I was not at home. T I was not at home. This is hardly the his is hardly the occasionoccasion for a family argument. for a family argument.

(2) a special event or ceremony(2) a special event or ceremony The opening of a new school is always a great The opening of a new school is always a great oo

ccasion.ccasion.


(3) a direct cause or reason(3) a direct cause or reason His remark was the His remark was the occasion ofoccasion of a bitter quarrel. a bitter quarrel.

There was no There was no occasionoccasion for you to be so rude. for you to be so rude.


13. challenging : needing the full use of one's 13. challenging : needing the full use of one's abilities and effort; difficult and interesting abilities and effort; difficult and interesting

We must be ready to cope with We must be ready to cope with challengingchallenging problems. She finds her new job very problems. She finds her new job very challenging.challenging.


14. drive : equipment that contains and runs a di14. drive : equipment that contains and runs a disk or tape sk or tape

What is the problem with the disk What is the problem with the disk drive?drive? The seventh read-write head on the disk The seventh read-write head on the disk drivedrive is is

malfunctioning.malfunctioning. 15. manufacturer 15. manufacturer s^s^ a firm that manufactures go a firm that manufactures go

odsods The washing machine didn't work, so we sent it The washing machine didn't work, so we sent it

back to the back to the manufacturer.manufacturer.


16. get through16. get through ( 1 ) (cause or help) to pass; pass through, or ( 1 ) (cause or help) to pass; pass through, or

come successfully to the end of We were all come successfully to the end of We were all delighted when we heard that you'd delighted when we heard that you'd got got throughthrough your exam. your exam.

Her mother's support Her mother's support gotgot her her throughthrough her her depression.depression.


(2) complete or use up the whole of(2) complete or use up the whole of We We got throughgot through a whole chicken at one sitting. a whole chicken at one sitting. They won one million dollars, but they They won one million dollars, but they got througot throu

ghgh the whole lot in less than 5 years. the whole lot in less than 5 years. (3) (esp. in (3) (esp. in AmE)AmE) finish finish When you When you get throughget through with your work, let's go o with your work, let's go o

ut. I haven't ut. I haven't got throughgot through with my work yet, so I with my work yet, so I have to continue.have to continue.


17. for sure: certainly; surely; without any 17. for sure: certainly; surely; without any doubt doubt

She won't lend you any money, and that's/or She won't lend you any money, and that's/or sure.sure.

18.18. intriguing : fascinating; very interesting intriguing : fascinating; very interesting esp. because of some strange quality esp. because of some strange quality

What an What an intriguingintriguing story! story! She is such an She is such an intriguingintriguing woman! woman!


19. under way :moving forward19. under way :moving forward The great ship got The great ship got under way.under way. Our project is now well Our project is now well under way.under way. 20. marvel : be filled with great wonder, surprise, admir20. marvel : be filled with great wonder, surprise, admir

ation, etc.ation, etc. we all marveled at his remarkable achievements.we all marveled at his remarkable achievements. The onlookers marveled that he was unharmed after suThe onlookers marveled that he was unharmed after su

ch a long fall..ch a long fall..


21.locate 21.locate (1)find the position of(1)find the position of We have located the source of the signals.We have located the source of the signals. Can you locate your hometown on this world Can you locate your hometown on this world

map?map? (2)situate; fix and set in a certain place(2)situate; fix and set in a certain place Shaoxing is located between hangzhou and NiShaoxing is located between hangzhou and Ni

ngbo.ngbo.


22.potential: possibility for developing or being 22.potential: possibility for developing or being favorably developedfavorably developed

This new invention has enormous sales This new invention has enormous sales potential.potential.

He is a potential player with great potential.He is a potential player with great potential.


23. Proceed on an exciting course: advance or 23. Proceed on an exciting course: advance or move along an exciting path; begin or continue move along an exciting path; begin or continue in an exciting directionin an exciting direction

ProceedProceed (1)begin or continue in a course of action or (1)begin or continue in a course of action or

set of actionsset of actions


The project is proceeding according to the plan.The project is proceeding according to the plan. He paused to consult his notes, and then proceedHe paused to consult his notes, and then proceed

ed with his questions.ed with his questions. The director said he liked my scheme very much,The director said he liked my scheme very much,

and then and then proceededproceeded to tear it to bits. to tear it to bits.


(2) advance; move in a particular direction(2) advance; move in a particular direction According to the policeman's report, the stolen According to the policeman's report, the stolen

car was car was proceedingproceeding in the southern direction. in the southern direction. Passengers for the New York flight should how Passengers for the New York flight should how

proceedproceed to Gate 25. to Gate 25.


24. course24. course (1) the path along which sth. happens; directio(1) the path along which sth. happens; directio

n of movement taken by sb. or sth. The plane cn of movement taken by sb. or sth. The plane changed its hanged its coursecourse to avoid the storm. The ship to avoid the storm. The ship was blown off was blown off course.course.


(2) continuous movement from one point to (2) continuous movement from one point to another in space or time The enemy should be another in space or time The enemy should be defeated in the defeated in the coursecourse of one year. During the of one year. During the coursecourse of the next few minutes we will be of the next few minutes we will be serving tea and biscuits.serving tea and biscuits.


(3) the usual, natural, or established pattern or pr(3) the usual, natural, or established pattern or process by which sth. happens or is done He has cocess by which sth. happens or is done He has committed a crime, and now the law must take its ommitted a crime, and now the law must take its course. course. He is charged with attempting to pervert He is charged with attempting to pervert the the coursecourse of action. of action.


25. resolve 25. resolve (1) settle; find a satisfactory way of dealing (1) settle; find a satisfactory way of dealing

with a difficultywith a difficulty It is hoped that the UN can It is hoped that the UN can resolveresolve all all

international disputes by means of peace talks. international disputes by means of peace talks. There weren't enough beds, but the matter was There weren't enough beds, but the matter was resolvedresolved with George sleeping on the sofa. with George sleeping on the sofa.


(2) decide firmly; make a determined decision(2) decide firmly; make a determined decision Once she has Once she has resolvedresolved on doing it, no one can on doing it, no one can

get her to change her mind. He get her to change her mind. He resolvedresolved to work to work harder.harder.


26. associate 26. associate join in a relationship based on friendship, join in a relationship based on friendship,

business, or a shared purpose; combine as business, or a shared purpose; combine as friends or partners friends or partners

He He associatesassociates with criminals. with criminals. The military regime dealt ruthlessly with The military regime dealt ruthlessly with

anyone who was anyone who was associatedassociated with the former with the former government. government.


Grammatical items ( 1 )Grammatical items ( 1 )

The use of “need”:The use of “need”: Need could be used as a modal auxiliary and as Need could be used as a modal auxiliary and as

a lexical verb a lexical verb 1) used as a modal auxiliary:1) used as a modal auxiliary: You needn’t clean the windows. They aren’t dirtYou needn’t clean the windows. They aren’t dirt

y. (y. ( 表示“不必”）表示“不必”） I don’t believe you need worry.( I don’t believe you need worry.( 用在有否定意用在有否定意

思的句子中）思的句子中）

Why need you go today? ( Why need you go today? ( 用于疑问句）用于疑问句） One need only consider the facts. ( One need only consider the facts. ( 个别情个别情

况）况）



2) Used as a lexical verb 2) Used as a lexical verb （作为及物动词，（作为及物动词， nneed eed 表示“需要”）表示“需要”） Can be followed Can be followed

a. Noun and Pronouna. Noun and Pronoun They’re certain to need help. They’re certain to need help. I don’t need anything.I don’t need anything. b. Infinitiveb. Infinitive I need to get away and rest up a little. I need to get away and rest up a little.

c. gerundc. gerund The shoes need repairing.The shoes need repairing. d. compound structured. compound structure I need you over to help me with the children. I need you over to help me with the children. I need this tooth out I need this tooth out


Grammar exercises ( 1 )Grammar exercises ( 1 )

ⅠⅠ. Note the use of need in the following sentenc. Note the use of need in the following sentences.es.

1. Whether you need to get information on Rush 1. Whether you need to get information on Rush Limbaugh’s famous and colorful, “ power” ties Limbaugh’s famous and colorful, “ power” ties or access the Quran, you can find it on the Worlor access the Quran, you can find it on the World Wide Web.d Wide Web.

(a lexical verb )(a lexical verb )

2. The other day a colleague and I needed 2. The other day a colleague and I needed some words to a song by a French singer, some words to a song by a French singer, unknown in this country. unknown in this country.

(a lexical verb )(a lexical verb )


3. A reasonable amount of learning must of 3. A reasonable amount of learning must of course accompany an education, but, after all, course accompany an education, but, after all, that amount need not be so great in any one field. that amount need not be so great in any one field.

(a modal auxiliary )(a modal auxiliary )


ⅡⅡRewrite the following sentences using need. Rewrite the following sentences using need. 1. Is it necessary for him to explain again and 1. Is it necessary for him to explain again and

again?again? Need he explain again and again? / Does he Need he explain again and again? / Does he

need to explain again and again? need to explain again and again?


2. It’s not necessary for me to wait. They won’t 2. It’s not necessary for me to wait. They won’t come. come.

I needn’t wait. / I don’t need to wait. I needn’t wait. / I don’t need to wait. 3. It’s not necessary for you to drive so fast. 3. It’s not necessary for you to drive so fast. You needn’t drive so fast. / you don’t need to You needn’t drive so fast. / you don’t need to

drive so fast. drive so fast.


4. It’s not necessary for you to take umbrella. 4. It’s not necessary for you to take umbrella. You needn’t take the umbrella./ You don’t You needn’t take the umbrella./ You don’t

need to take the umbrella. need to take the umbrella. 5. Is it necessary for me to go to the meeting ?5. Is it necessary for me to go to the meeting ? Need I go to the meeting? / Do I need to go to Need I go to the meeting? / Do I need to go to

the meeting?the meeting?


6. It’s hardly necessary for me to tell you the 6. It’s hardly necessary for me to tell you the importance of it.importance of it.

I hardly need ( to ) tell you the importance of it. I hardly need ( to ) tell you the importance of it.


Ⅲ Ⅲ Complete the following sentences with the Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of need. appropriate form of need.

1. This is a question that _____ very careful 1. This is a question that _____ very careful consideration. consideration.

2. When I last crossed the frontier, I 2. When I last crossed the frontier, I ________________ ( not, show ) my passport. ________________ ( not, show ) my passport.

3. I ____ to get away and rest up a little. 3. I ____ to get away and rest up a little.

needs

didn’t need to showneed


4. She thought you were tied and _______ a rest. 4. She thought you were tied and _______ a rest. 5. The shop has delivery service. You could 5. The shop has delivery service. You could

have it delivered. You ___________________ have it delivered. You ___________________ ( not carry) that home. ( not carry) that home.

6. So I needn’t pretend, _____I ?6. So I needn’t pretend, _____I ?

needed

needn’t have carried

need


7. You _____________________________ 7. You _____________________________ ( not do ) shopping today. There’s plenty of ( not do ) shopping today. There’s plenty of food in the fridge. food in the fridge.

8. In some places, you _____________ ( not 8. In some places, you _____________ ( not pay ) to use the public libraries. pay ) to use the public libraries.

don’t need to do / needn’t do

don’t need to pay


Exercises ( 1 )Exercises ( 1 )

Vocabulary exercisesVocabulary exercises ⅠⅠ. Explain the italicized part in each sentence in . Explain the italicized part in each sentence in

your own words. your own words. 1. … our printer was able to 1. … our printer was able to serve upserve up the new the new

version. version. Print and providePrint and provide 2. It’s 2. It’s going through the roof.going through the roof. Developing very fast at an unexpected rateDeveloping very fast at an unexpected rate

3. I got the manufacturer’s 800 number and 3. I got the manufacturer’s 800 number and then couldn’t then couldn’t get through overget through over a couple of a couple of daysdays

get connected on the phoneget connected on the phone 4. With so much less stuff hanging around, I 4. With so much less stuff hanging around, I

could more easily find the things that aren’t on could more easily find the things that aren’t on the Web.the Web.

Remaining in my officeRemaining in my office


5. I marvel each time I see Web addresses 5. I marvel each time I see Web addresses go go flashing byflashing by as part of an increasing number of as part of an increasing number of TV commercials.TV commercials.

Appear quickly one after another on the screenAppear quickly one after another on the screen 6. This might well be the current 6. This might well be the current state of affairsstate of affairs. . The present situation with the World Wide WebThe present situation with the World Wide Web

Exercises ( 3 ) Exercises ( 3 )

ⅡⅡ. Fill in each blank with one of the two words . Fill in each blank with one of the two words from each pair and note the difference of from each pair and note the difference of meaning between them.meaning between them.


1. ACCESS ( v. ) ENTER1. ACCESS ( v. ) ENTER a. The built-in disk drive makes possible a. The built-in disk drive makes possible

__________, creating and saving music __________, creating and saving music documents in all formats. documents in all formats.

b. Those who are beginning their career b. Those who are beginning their career ________ the profession as either instructors ________ the profession as either instructors or assistant professors.or assistant professors.

accessingaccessing

enterenter


c. Student information is all __________into the c. Student information is all __________into the computer as soon as they are enrolled into a univcomputer as soon as they are enrolled into a university programme.ersity programme.

d. The entire curriculum is _________and played. The entire curriculum is _________and played from the computer terminal. d from the computer terminal.

enteredentered

accessedaccessed


Difference: Difference: AccessAccess, when used as a verb, is speci, when used as a verb, is specially applied in computer technology, meaning “ ally applied in computer technology, meaning “ finding and obtaining ( information ) successfullfinding and obtaining ( information ) successfully.”y.” EnterEnter basically means “ go into” or “ becom basically means “ go into” or “ become part of.” To e part of.” To enter enter information into a computer information into a computer is to record it there by typing it on a keyboard.is to record it there by typing it on a keyboard.


2. COMMERCIAL ADVERTISEMENT2. COMMERCIAL ADVERTISEMENT a. The thirty-second a. The thirty-second

drug_____________has been banned on the drug_____________has been banned on the grounds that it was misleading.grounds that it was misleading.

b. Lots of efforts were made to keep the TV b. Lots of efforts were made to keep the TV _____________separate from the programs. _____________separate from the programs.

commercial

commercials


c. Dozens of young people showed up in c. Dozens of young people showed up in response to a (n) ________________ for four response to a (n) ________________ for four vacancies. vacancies.

d. The new manager herself is a good d. The new manager herself is a good ________________ for the country ________________ for the country

advertisement

advertisement


Difference: AnDifference: An advertisementadvertisement, used mainly in , used mainly in written English, is a general word for any annowritten English, is a general word for any announcements in a newspaper, on television, or on uncements in a newspaper, on television, or on a poster about something such as a product, eva poster about something such as a product, event, or job vacancies.ent, or job vacancies. Commercial Commercial is a term for is a term for any advertising message that broadcast during any advertising message that broadcast during a radio or television programme or between pra radio or television programme or between programmes.ogrammes.


3. VERSION TRANSLATION3. VERSION TRANSLATION a. The whole secret of _________ is to have a a. The whole secret of _________ is to have a

sound grasp of the language with its sound grasp of the language with its underlying culture. underlying culture.

b. The film _________ of b. The film _________ of Gone With The Gone With The WindWind has attracted more audience than the has attracted more audience than the novel itself.novel itself.

translation

version


c. In most business circumstances, literal c. In most business circumstances, literal ___________ are preferred from the foreign ___________ are preferred from the foreign language into the mother tongue.language into the mother tongue.

d. The Chinese _________ of the autobiography d. The Chinese _________ of the autobiography is said to be a poor copy of the original. is said to be a poor copy of the original.

translations

version


Difference: Translation emphasized the act of Difference: Translation emphasized the act of saying or writing something again in a saying or writing something again in a different language, while version refers to a different language, while version refers to a particular or one-sided statement or expression particular or one-sided statement or expression of something, always implying an alternative of something, always implying an alternative or several other possible accounts of the same or several other possible accounts of the same thing. thing.


LOCATE FINDLOCATE FIND a. He finally _________ the missing keys in a a. He finally _________ the missing keys in a

jacket he had put in storage for the summer. jacket he had put in storage for the summer. b. In 1935 British physicist Sir Robert Watson-b. In 1935 British physicist Sir Robert Watson-

Watt used reflected radio waves to _______ Watt used reflected radio waves to _______ aircraft in flight . aircraft in flight .

found

locate


c. I’m sure I wouldn’t have ______ better servicc. I’m sure I wouldn’t have ______ better service anywhere else.e anywhere else.

d. The CPU’s control unit used the programme cd. The CPU’s control unit used the programme counter to _________ the next instruction from mounter to _________ the next instruction from memory. emory.

found

locate


Difference: Difference: Find Find implies either a search for something new implies either a search for something new

or the discovering of something lost but or the discovering of something lost but previously possessed, while previously possessed, while locatelocate emphasizes emphasizes the fixing of an occurrence or thing in space, or the fixing of an occurrence or thing in space, or to find out where something is . to find out where something is .


Translation exercisesTranslation exercises Translate each of the following sentences Translate each of the following sentences

into English, using the word or phrase given into English, using the word or phrase given in the bracket. Inflect the word or phrase in the bracket. Inflect the word or phrase where necessary.where necessary.


1. 1. 我们都希望迅速、方便地获得我们所需要我们都希望迅速、方便地获得我们所需要的各种信息。的各种信息。 ( access )( access )

We all hope to access in an easy and convenient We all hope to access in an easy and convenient way every kind of information we need. way every kind of information we need.

2. 2. 请把总数算出来，我将用支票支付。请把总数算出来，我将用支票支付。 Please figure the total, and I shall pay it with a cPlease figure the total, and I shall pay it with a c

heck. heck.


3. 3. 人们只有在盛大的场合才佩戴珠宝饰物。人们只有在盛大的场合才佩戴珠宝饰物。（（ on occasion ) on occasion )

Jewels are worn only on great occasions.Jewels are worn only on great occasions. 4. 4. 珠穆朗玛峰是对一个登山运动员的最大珠穆朗玛峰是对一个登山运动员的最大

考验。（考验。（ challenge) challenge) Mt. Qomolangma is the supreme challenge to Mt. Qomolangma is the supreme challenge to

a mountain climber. a mountain climber.


5. 19965. 1996 年年 44 月，我们乘面包车对苏格兰做了月，我们乘面包车对苏格兰做了一次观光旅行，那里风景优美，令我们惊叹一次观光旅行，那里风景优美，令我们惊叹不己。（不己。（ marvel at)marvel at)

In April 1996, we made a sightseeing tour of ScIn April 1996, we made a sightseeing tour of Scotland by minibus. While touring through Scotlaotland by minibus. While touring through Scotland, we all marveled at the beauty of the landscapnd, we all marveled at the beauty of the landscape there. e there.


6. 6. 当地政府派遣几名官员去调查这个案件，当地政府派遣几名官员去调查这个案件，现在调查工作正在进行中。现在调查工作正在进行中。 ( under way)( under way)

The local government has sent several officials The local government has sent several officials to investigate the case. Now the investigation ito investigate the case. Now the investigation is under way. s under way.


7. 7. 那个政客等鼓掌停息，然后继续降火。那个政客等鼓掌停息，然后继续降火。（（ proceed )proceed )

The politician waited for the applause to die dowThe politician waited for the applause to die down and then proceeded with his speech.n and then proceeded with his speech.

8. 8. 别着急，我们能把这个问题解决得使你满别着急，我们能把这个问题解决得使你满意。意。

Don’t worry about it. We can resolve the matter Don’t worry about it. We can resolve the matter to your satisfaction. to your satisfaction.


9. 9. 人们通常把贫穷和痛苦联系在一起。（人们通常把贫穷和痛苦联系在一起。（ asassociate with )sociate with )

People usually associate poverty with misery. People usually associate poverty with misery. 10. 10. 他变得更加愤世嫉俗，很可能是由于常他变得更加愤世嫉俗，很可能是由于常

跟报社记者混在一起的缘故。跟报社记者混在一起的缘故。 He’s becoming more cynical, probably from hanHe’s becoming more cynical, probably from han

ging around with newspapermen. ging around with newspapermen.


Exercises for integrated skillsExercises for integrated skills Dictation Dictation When Charles Babbage,/ a professor of When Charles Babbage,/ a professor of

mathematics of Cambridge University,/ mathematics of Cambridge University,/ invented the first calculating machine in invented the first calculating machine in 1812, / he could hardly have imagined the 1812, / he could hardly have imagined the situation we find ourselves in today. / Nearly situation we find ourselves in today. / Nearly everything we do in the modern world is everything we do in the modern world is helped, or even controlled, by computer, / the helped, or even controlled, by computer, / the complicated descendants of this simple complicated descendants of this simple machine./machine./


Computers are being used more and more extensively Computers are being used more and more extensively in the world today,/ for the simple reason that they far in the world today,/ for the simple reason that they far more efficient than human beings./ In fact, computers more efficient than human beings./ In fact, computers can do many of the things we do ,/ but faster and better./ can do many of the things we do ,/ but faster and better./ They can pay wages, / reserve seats on planes,/ control They can pay wages, / reserve seats on planes,/ control machines in factories, / work out tomorrow’s weather, / machines in factories, / work out tomorrow’s weather, / and even play chess, / write poetry, / or compose music. and even play chess, / write poetry, / or compose music. / Computer display tremendous functions in all walks of / Computer display tremendous functions in all walks of life, / such as education, banking, industry, medicine, life, / such as education, banking, industry, medicine, military affairs, etc.military affairs, etc.


Text ⅡText Ⅱ Computer Technology Keeps Computer Technology Keeps

People Worlds ApartPeople Worlds Apart

Comprehension questions of Text ( 1 ⅡComprehension questions of Text ( 1 Ⅱ) )

1.What does the author discover about his 1.What does the author discover about his roommate?roommate?

2. Why does the author call his roommate a smart 2. Why does the author call his roommate a smart guy?guy?

3. Why do many people prefer online 3. Why do many people prefer online conversations to telephone conversations?conversations to telephone conversations?

4. What are the author’s arguments against the 4. What are the author’s arguments against the Web?Web?

5. What does the author regard as the main value 5. What does the author regard as the main value of personal contact ?of personal contact ?

6. What problem is the school confronting?6. What problem is the school confronting? 7. According to the author, what real problems 7. According to the author, what real problems

may occur in the modern society?may occur in the modern society? 8. Do you agree that computer technology 8. Do you agree that computer technology

keeps people worlds apart?keeps people worlds apart?

Comprehension questions of Text ( 2 ⅡComprehension questions of Text ( 2 Ⅱ))

Keys:Keys: 1. His roommate often goes online to chat with 1. His roommate often goes online to chat with

other computer users. other computer users. 2. He often chats with his friends in person 2. He often chats with his friends in person

whenever possible because he understands the whenever possible because he understands the drawbacks of online conversations. drawbacks of online conversations.

Comprehension questions of TextComprehension questions of Text( 3 )Ⅱ( 3 )Ⅱ

3. They think that chatting online provides 3. They think that chatting online provides them with much privacy they can’t get from them with much privacy they can’t get from telephone conversations and it is more telephone conversations and it is more accurate. accurate.

4. People become socially isolated and some 4. People become socially isolated and some may spend a lot of time in front of a PC.may spend a lot of time in front of a PC.

5. Personal contact makes it possible for 5. Personal contact makes it possible for people to live and word together. people to live and word together.


6. Student participation at school events continu6. Student participation at school events continue to decline because they are more interested in e to decline because they are more interested in what they can do with a PC.what they can do with a PC.

7. There will be less personal interaction. People 7. There will be less personal interaction. People will be less aware of society and children will nowill be less aware of society and children will not learn how they are expected to behave. t learn how they are expected to behave.


Oral Activities ( 1 )Oral Activities ( 1 )

Ⅰ Ⅰ Converse with one of your classmates on the Converse with one of your classmates on the following.following.

1. What do you really desire to learn from the 1. What do you really desire to learn from the web sites on the Internet?web sites on the Internet?

2. Which do you prefer, reading daily 2. Which do you prefer, reading daily newspapers or the capsule summaries on the newspapers or the capsule summaries on the net?net?

ⅡⅡ. Form two groups. One is to defend the idea . Form two groups. One is to defend the idea stated in the following topics; the other is to stated in the following topics; the other is to challenge it . Air your views as clearly as challenge it . Air your views as clearly as possible. possible.

1. It’s time waster to surf so many web sites on 1. It’s time waster to surf so many web sites on the internet just to find a little relevant the internet just to find a little relevant information we need. information we need.

2. Making friends on the net is fun. 2. Making friends on the net is fun.


3. Online shopping is easy. Click the mouse 3. Online shopping is easy. Click the mouse device, provide credit card number, and then device, provide credit card number, and then everything is done. everything is done.

4. As the Internet becomes more popular, it will 4. As the Internet becomes more popular, it will be another place of business controlled by fewer be another place of business controlled by fewer and fewer companies.and fewer companies.


Writing PracticeWriting Practice

Write a composition on one of the topics listed Write a composition on one of the topics listed below. Your composition should be no less than below. Your composition should be no less than 150 words. Remember to write neatly.150 words. Remember to write neatly.

1)E_mail or Letter-writing?1)E_mail or Letter-writing? 2)Should Computer Games Be Prohibited?2)Should Computer Games Be Prohibited?

SamplesSamples Email or Letter-writing?Email or Letter-writing? Today millions of people are turning from letter Today millions of people are turning from letter

writing to e-mail. They believe that e-mail is writing to e-mail. They believe that e-mail is much more much more convenientconvenient and far faster than regular and far faster than regular

letters. And they say that e-mail is an letters. And they say that e-mail is an informal informal medium,medium, ideal for ideal for conveying messagesconveying messages to friends and to friends and colleagues. This is certainly true. A letter travels by colleagues. This is certainly true. A letter travels by air, by train, by bus and finally by the postman's air, by train, by bus and finally by the postman's bicycle before it reaches the receiver. It always takes bicycle before it reaches the receiver. It always takes several days. In contrast, when someone uses e-mail, several days. In contrast, when someone uses e-mail, the only thing they need to do is to type the letter and the only thing they need to do is to type the letter and press some keys to send it. In principle, within a few press some keys to send it. In principle, within a few minutes, their friend or colleague can read the letter. minutes, their friend or colleague can read the letter. The e-mail system is so The e-mail system is so convenientconvenient that some that some businesses are even able to businesses are even able to run global projects.run global projects.

But I would like to state that I prefer writing But I would like to state that I prefer writing letters on real paper, using real envelopes. Though it letters on real paper, using real envelopes. Though it is slow, there is feeling in it; though it is not is slow, there is feeling in it; though it is not convenientconvenient, I can savor a letter again and again, l also , I can savor a letter again and again, l also think that when you write a "real" letter, you take think that when you write a "real" letter, you take your time. You are more careful with your words than your time. You are more careful with your words than when you are typing an e-mail. So there is less chance when you are typing an e-mail. So there is less chance of being of being misinterpreted .misinterpreted . Whenever I'm reading a Whenever I'm reading a letter or writing a letter, I'm happy. When I'm writing letter or writing a letter, I'm happy. When I'm writing a letter, I put my feeling into the letter. I write it just a letter, I put my feeling into the letter. I write it just as if I were talking to my friend face to face. as if I were talking to my friend face to face. Gradually, the paper becomes covered in words. They Gradually, the paper becomes covered in words. They are not empty words; they are my expectations. I fold are not empty words; they are my expectations. I fold the paper, seal the envelope, attach the stamp, and the paper, seal the envelope, attach the stamp, and then my words, my feelings, my hopes are on the waythen my words, my feelings, my hopes are on the way

When I’m reading a letter, I feel that my friend is When I’m reading a letter, I feel that my friend is

talking intimately with me face to face. From talking intimately with me face to face. From his handwriting I can guess what his mood is, his handwriting I can guess what his mood is, happy, gloomy or whatever. Perhaps I have happy, gloomy or whatever. Perhaps I have not kept pace with technology, but I have not kept pace with technology, but I have never felt that intimacy reading an email. In never felt that intimacy reading an email. In comparison to paper, the monitor is cold.comparison to paper, the monitor is cold.

In the final analysis, email is too fast, so it In the final analysis, email is too fast, so it becomes too realistic and much less romantic. becomes too realistic and much less romantic. Although perhaps email coped with modern Although perhaps email coped with modern society better, personally I cannot embrace society better, personally I cannot embrace email with any real enthusiasm. I think there is email with any real enthusiasm. I think there is an urgent need to slow down the pace of our an urgent need to slow down the pace of our lives by writing a few letters. Posting our lives by writing a few letters. Posting our feelings, guessing our friends’ feeling and feelings, guessing our friends’ feeling and enjoying the happiness letters bring us.enjoying the happiness letters bring us.

Should Computer Games Be Prohibited?Should Computer Games Be Prohibited? With the development of personal computers, another With the development of personal computers, another

business is flourishing with striking speed and is business is flourishing with striking speed and is getting closer to us—computer games. Anyone who getting closer to us—computer games. Anyone who touches a PC will be drawn into the world of PC touches a PC will be drawn into the world of PC games. It is impossible to resist them. There are so games. It is impossible to resist them. There are so interesting , so well designed and so easy to learn that interesting , so well designed and so easy to learn that they can capture people’s attention quickly, they can capture people’s attention quickly, irrespective of their age.irrespective of their age.

Some children , usually boys, are very keen on Some children , usually boys, are very keen on PC games. Yet their parents and teachers are strongly PC games. Yet their parents and teachers are strongly against computer games. They think PC games are against computer games. They think PC games are just a waste of time and that they undermine their just a waste of time and that they undermine their children’s social skills. They say that PC games can children’s social skills. They say that PC games can

ruin children’s eyesight and health, that PC games are ruin children’s eyesight and health, that PC games are turning their lovely kids into dull and unemotional turning their lovely kids into dull and unemotional sticks of wood. They wonder how those games are sticks of wood. They wonder how those games are even allowed to exist and develop. Of course they even allowed to exist and develop. Of course they forbid their children to play computer games.forbid their children to play computer games.

However, by all indications, adults are too However, by all indications, adults are too absolute, and they are alarmed too easily. Computer absolute, and they are alarmed too easily. Computer games do have some negative effects, and there really games do have some negative effects, and there really are some children who become addicted, but we are some children who become addicted, but we should not neglect the positive effects. Computer should not neglect the positive effects. Computer games are a good form of recreation. They can games are a good form of recreation. They can provide a mental challenge, sharpen our mind, provide a mental challenge, sharpen our mind, quicken our reflexes, motivate our interest in quicken our reflexes, motivate our interest in computers and enable us to learn a little by playing.computers and enable us to learn a little by playing.

In short, it they are not played excessively, cIn short, it they are not played excessively, computer games will do no harm. On the contrary,omputer games will do no harm. On the contrary, they will benefit. We should not prohibit playin they will benefit. We should not prohibit playing computer games. In the final analysis, all we ng computer games. In the final analysis, all we need is more self-control. eed is more self-control.

Good bye!Good bye!

Unit 9 World wide web technology: what’s hot and what’s not?

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Transcript of Unit 9 World wide web technology: what’s hot and what’s not?