Unit 8 Important Empires II. I. Map II. Tokugawa Shogunate (Empire) Effects of Geography: – Island...
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Transcript of Unit 8 Important Empires II. I. Map II. Tokugawa Shogunate (Empire) Effects of Geography: – Island...
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Unit 8
Important Empires II
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I. Map
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II. Tokugawa Shogunate (Empire)
• Effects of Geography:– Island location:Japan – 4 main islands and thousands of smaller
islands• Difficult to unite• Isolated from other cultures
– Homogenous: everyone on the culture is similar to one another. The culture of Japan developed sepertely and independently from other cultures.
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II. Tokugawa Shogunate (Empire)
– Mountains:• Little good Land Available for Farming• Very dependent on the sea for
transportation and food– Earthquakes and Volcanoes:
• Could easily destroy the islands• Unstable environment taught the people a
high respect for nature (often used in their art)
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II. Tokugawa Shogunate (Empire)
• Feudalism–Feudal SocietyShogun: Military Commander with the
real power(emperor was symbolic
leader)- Gave land to others (i.e. samurai)
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II. Tokugawa Shogunate (Empire)
• Feudalism– Feudal SocietySamurai: “Those who serve”; warriors
- Given land to protect others Bushido: “The Way of the Warrior” – code of
conduct for samurai (European – Chivalry)• Loyal• Brave• Honorable
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II. Tokugawa Shogunate (Empire)
• Strong Family that ruled for almost 300 years• Brought stability and unity to Japan under the
Tokugawa family of shoguns• Culture bloomed during their reign
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II. Tokugawa Shogunate (Empire)
• Policy of Isolationism:– The Tokugawa isolated Japan from the rest of the
world by CHOICE!– Separated from other cultures (No Foreigners in;
No Japanese out)
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III. Mongol Empire
• Origins: Nomadic People from the Grasslands of Central Asia– Built the largest unified empire– Took China then moved westward
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III. Mongol Empire
• Genghis Khan– Khan = “World Emperor”– 1200 A.D – unified all Mongols under his rule– Known for spreading terror and destruction
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III. Mongol Empire
• Kublai Khan– Grandson of Ghenghis Khan– Centered in China but spread the empire to the
Middle East – stable and peaceful– When he dies the empire fell apart
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III. Mongol Empire
• Russia– The Mongols ruled Russia for 250 yearsLong Term Impact
• The Mongols showed Russians how to have an absolute government
• Isolated Russia from Western Europe (No Renaissance ideas)
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III. Mongol Empire
• Marco Polo & Ibn BattutaMarco Polo – European Traveler to China
– His writings sparked interest in Europe for Chises goods
Ibn Battuta – an African Muslim, traveled extensively throughout the Middle East and China– His writings are useful today as an historical
resources.
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V. West African Empires
• Sahara Trade Route
Beginning between 800 —1000 A.D., Muslim traders in caravans created trade routes across the Sahara Desert
Ghana, Mali, Songhai
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V. West African Empires
• Arab Traders: Arabia was a great location for trade - Silk road to China- Sea route to India and the Spice Islands- Mediterranean Sea to Europe- Caravan routes across the Sahara Desert
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V. West African Empires
• Products Traded: (In Africa)- Muslims brought salt to Africans in exchange for gold
“A block of salt was worth its weight in gold”
Also:- Ivory, lumber, tin and other resources - Slaves
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V. West African Empires
• Arab Cultural Contributions: Arabs introduced other cultural things:
- Islam- Technology (math, science, medicine)
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V. West African Empires
Traditional African Social IdentitiesExtended Family:
- More than the nuclear family (mom, dad, kids)- Grandparents or other relatives living in the home
Clan:A group of related extended families who descended from a common ancestor
Tribe:
A group of related clans
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V. West African EmpiresMansa Musa:
- Powerful King of the Empire of Mali- Converted to Islam, which facilitated cultural diffusion
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V. West African Empires
Oral Tradition:- Passing down customs, traditions and culture through story telling for education and entertainment- How the history of African cultures is passed to future generations
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The Lost City
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Latin America (5pts)
LAND BRIDGE
MEXICO
RAIN FORESTS
ANDES MOUNAINS (ANDY’S)
MAYA (MY –A)
AZTEC
INCA (INK – A)
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Foods from MesoAmerica (5pts)
TOMATOES
BEANS
CHOCOLATE
MAIZE (MAZE)
SQUASH
POTATOES
VANILLA
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THE OLMEC (10 pts)
GULF COAST
STONE HEADS
GRINNING JAGUAR
SERPENTS
PRIESTLY LEADERSHIP
TEMPLES
TRADE
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THE MAYA (10 Points)
YUCATAN (YOU –KA-TAN)
FARMING
TIKAL (TEA-CALL)
HIEROGLYPOHICS
CALENDAR
ZERO
LOST CITIES
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THE AZTEC (10 points)
VALLEY OF MEXICO
FLOATING GARDENS
TRIBUTE EMPIRE
SUN GOD
HUMAN SACRIFICE
BALL GAMES
WARFARE
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THE INCA (15 points)
PERU
ROADS
METALWORKING
BRAIN SURGURY
TERRACE FARMING
POLYTHEISTIC
GOVERNMENT CONTROL
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Meso-America: "Middle America"
Maya:• Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico• Peaceful farmers
Aztec:• Central Mexico • Fierce warriors
Inca:• Mountains of Peru• Highly organized government
VI. Empires of MesoAmerica
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Toltecs: warlike Mesoamerican group which controlled central Mexico from 900-1200 A.D.
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Mayas: Mesoamerica society of 300-900 A.D. City-state empire based in Yucatan Peninsula. Reason for decline unknown
El Castillo
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The Shadow of the Serpent
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Tikal: Capital city of the Mayan Empire.
Tikal was home to the tallest buildings in the Americas till 1903. 212 feet tall.
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Aztec: Mesoamerican society which flourished from 1250-1500 A.D. By 1500 had a population of 30 million people established a tribute system to gain wealth
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Tenochtitlan: Capital City of the Aztec. now called Mexico City
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“Floating Gardens”
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Aztec foods chocolate, vanilla, corn, chilies (peppers), peanuts, tomatoes, avocados, squash, beans, potatoes, sweet potatoes, pineapple and papaya.
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Huitzilpochtli
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Quetzalcoatl: “The Plumed Serpent”, God of the Air to the Aztec. The legend of this deity will eventually haunt the Aztec
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Montezuma: Aztec ruler who believed Hernan Cortez to be Quetzalcoatl.
"The divine drink, which builds up resistance and fights fatigue. A cup of
this precious drink [cocoa] permits a man to walk for a whole day
without food."Montezuma II(1502-1520)
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Incas: People of South America who ruled the Andes Mountain region from 1200-early 1500.
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Incan city built 7000 ft above sea level which was abandoned for 300 yrs before it was rediscovered.
Machu Picchu:
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Quipu: a collection of knotted colored strings which the Incas used as a system of keeping records such as population.
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VI. Empires of MesoAmerica
Their Significance: More advanced than other "American" cultures of their time
Advanced developments:• Architecture — great temples and cities• Agriculture — able to support large city populations• Science
— Math — used zero— Medicine — performed surgery— Astronomy — 365 1/4 day calendar— Engineering — over 12, 000 miles of roads
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VII. Ottoman EmpireOrigin:• Out of central Turkey• Turkish Muslims (not Arab Muslims)
Fall of Constantinople:• Changed the name to Istanbul• Became a "Muslim" capital of the Ottoman
Empire
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VII. Ottoman Empire
Suleiman I: "Suleiman the Magnificent" rules during the golden age of the empire (1520-1566) • Added much territory to the empire
Impact on European trade: The Ottomans dominated trade around the Mediterranean Sea forcing Europeans to find others routes to Asia
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VIII. Essential Questions
1. How did Japan's geographic location relate to its policy of isolationism?
Japan's island location led to natural isolation from other cultures • Isolationism — later they chose to remain isolated
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VIII. Essential Questions2. What are the similarities and differences between Japanese and
European Feudalism?
• Similarities— Owe allegiance to one above you— Warriors (chivalry, bushido — code of honor)— Strict social classes— Land based system
• Differences— Status of women— Where the real power was (king, shogun-emperor had no power)— Position of merchants
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VIII. Essential Questions
3. How did the Ottoman Empire's geographical location interfere with European trade with the Eastern cultures?
— Ottoman empire blocked trade with Asia— Europeans were forced to find their own new all-water routes to get to Asia
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VIII. Essential Questions
Why were the Maya, Aztec and Inca considered to be advanced civilizations?
— Medicine— Astronomy— Architecture— Engineering
Intellectual developments were far more advanced than other Native American cultures