UNIT 8

Five Traits of the Educated Man

Proverbs on Education

The foundation of every state is the education of its youth.

We receive three educations, one from our parents, one from our schoolmasters, and one from the world.

Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.

Genius without education is like silver in the mine.

Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing your temper or your self-control.

Vocabulary

trait [C] a particular characteristic, quality, or tendency that

sb. or sth. has: e.g. an inherited trait marked Japanese traits 日本人的显著特征 national traits 民族性 Arrogance is a very unattractive personality/characte

r trait. Two traits in the American character are generosity an

d energy.

美国人性格中的两大特点是豪爽大方和精力充沛。

10 traits to lose friends and lovers

capacity

noun. 1 [C,U] the largest amount or number that a container, building, etc can hold 容量 , 容积 :

e.g. The theater has a seating capacity of 800.这个剧场可容纳八百名观众。

2 [U] the amount that a factory or machine can produce 能量 , 生产力 :

e.g. The auto plant now has an annual capacity of 12,000 cars.这家汽车厂现在每年能生产一万二千辆汽车。

3 [C] the ability to do, experience, or understand something 能力 , 才能 , 接受能力 , 理解力 [(+for)]:

e.g. He has a great capacity for learning languages.他学语言的能力很强。

endeavor Verb: to attempt (fulfillment of a responsibility or an o

bligation, for example) by employment or expenditure of effort:

e.g. endeavored to improve the quality of life in the inner city. 努力改善城市内的生活品质We always endeavor to give our customers excellent service.

Noun: a conscientious or concerted effort toward an end; an earnest attempt 努力 , 尝试 :

e.g. The expedition was an outstanding example of human endeavor.

Despite our best endeavors, we couldn’t get the machine started.

vulgar

 adj.: rude and likely to upset or anger people, especially by referring to sex and the body in an unpleasant way :

e.g. vulgar jokes/language Vulgarity noun.

refined adj. 1 A refined substance has been made more pure

by removing other substances from it. e.g. refined sugar 2. very polite and showing knowledge of social rules

优美的 , 文雅的 , 有教养的e.g. She has a refined way of speaking. 　她谈吐优雅。

Her tastes are very refined. 她的品位十分高雅．Delia is so terribly refined － I really can’t imagine her using fowl language.Delia 非常有教养－真没有想到她会说脏话．refinement n.

e.g. She’s the personification of culture and refinement (=politeness and delicacy). 她是文化和教养的化身．

cultivated

adj. A cultivated person has had a good education and knows a lot about art, books, music, etc. 培养成的 ; 有教养的 ; 文雅的

e.g. a cultivated audience 趣味高雅的听众cultivated land 耕地

cultivated silk 桑 [ 家 ] 蚕丝 cultivated taste 雅兴

a cultivated person 有教养的人

instinctive

 adj. behaving or reacting naturally and without thinking

e.g. Her instinctive response was to fight back. instinctively adv.

e.g. Kate knew instinctively that something was wrong.

Instinct n.

reflection

On reflection (= after thinking again), I think I was wrong.

After a minute's reflection, he answered.他沉思片刻后才回答。

Her achievements are a reflection of her courage.她的成就是她勇气的显示

a reflection on sb./sth.: something that makes people have a particular opinion about someone or something, especially a bad opinion reflections on the current situation 对当前形势的看法

He is simply a reflection of his father. 他极象他的父亲。

induce v. [T] 1 FORMAL to persuade someone do something

引诱 ; 劝 :e.g. [+ to do sth] Nothing would induce me to marry that

man! Nothing in the world would induce me to do that. 什么也不能引诱我做那种事。

2 CAUSE FORMAL to cause a particular condition 引起 ; 导致

e.g. High doses of the drug may induce depression. Her illness was induced by overwork. 她的病是由工作过度引起的。

multiply v. 1 [I,T] to increase by a large number, or to cau

se something to increase by a large number

e.g. As we climbed up the mountain, the dangers and difficulties multiplied.

我们越向山顶攀爬 , 危险和困难越是倍增。In warm weather, germs multiply rapidly.

2 [T] to add one number to itself a particular number of times 乘 , 使相乘 [(+by/together)]

e.g. Four multiplied by five is twenty. 五乘四得二十。

visionary

 adj. able to make plans for the future that are imaginative and wise 想像中的 ; 不切实际的a visionary scheme 不切实际的计划a visionary invention 富于想像力的发明a visionary leader

zeal noun [U] extreme enthusiasm 热心 ; 热诚 [U] [(+for)] e.g. His boss highly appreciates his zeal for his work.

他的上司十分欣赏他的工作热情。He shows great zeal （ =desire) for knowledge. 他表现出极大的求知欲。religious zeal

Zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse.

无知的狂热犹如脱缰的野马。 Zeal without prudence is frenzy.

[ 谚 ] 只有热情不谨慎 , 就象得了狂热症。

competent

 adj. able to do something well

e.g. a competent swimmer/teacher

competence noun [U] the ability to do something well 能力 , 胜任 , 称职 [U]

e.g. The young surgeon showed exceptional competence. 这位年轻的医生表现了非凡的能力。

Text Study

What are the marks of an educated man?

1. correctness and precision in the use of mother tongue

2.  refined and gentle manners3. the power and habit of reflection4. the power of growth 5. possession of efficiency

1. educated: Someone who is educated has or shows a high standard of learning 有教养的

In this country the old are well cared and the young well educated.

在这个国家里，老人得到很好的照顾，青年人受到很好的教育。

He is tall, good-looking, fine -boned, educated.   

他高高个儿，身材匀称，长得很漂亮，文质彬彬。 You can see in him the marks of an educated

man. 从他身上身你可以看到受过教育的人的特点。

2.Mark : (1) symbol, sign They removed their hats as a mark of resp

ect. A mark of friendship (2) a characteristic feature that enables yo

u to recognize something Gray hair is a mark of age.  灰白头发是老

年人的特征。

Gain v. : get, acquire, achieve, benefit

gain experience gain [gather] momentum  gain further time get [gain, obtain] a footing

in society    gain [obtain] access ...    gain weight gain success gain one’s ends

增加劲头 , 得势 争取时间 在社会上立足 得以接近 [进入, 会见]

达到目的

personal gain or loss 个人得失 Private gain 个人利益 Don‘t lust for fame and gain. 别贪图名利。 A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.  吃一堑，长一智

3. It is plain that one may gain no inconsiderable body of learning in some special field of knowledge: Obviously, one can acquire/get fairly large amount of knowledge in some special field.

No/not inconsiderable: large and well worth having:

$10,000 for new and young author is not inconsiderable, is it?

The country’s not inconsiderable army was mobilized.

4.a reasonable amount of learning: a fair/moderate amount of learning

一定的学识Amount : 前面的常见形容词 large

same great huge considerable vast fixed enormous equal full

5. accompany: coexist with, occur with Severe allergic react s may accompany a

dministration of the drug.严重的过敏反应可伴随给药而来。 Earthquakes commonly accompany volca

nic activity on movement of magma deep in the earth.

地震通常都伴随着火山活动或地球地深处的岩浆运动。

Big words seldom accompany great deed .   

雷声大，雨点小。

6. An education will make its mark and find its evidence in …and capacities…

Evidence (u): facts, objects, signs, or indication

一种教育定会留下痕迹，显示出一定的特征、特点和能力……

7. acquire: a skill or habit, you learn it or develop it (with effort)

~ a college education 接受高等教育~ a habit 养成习惯~ knowledge through experience 从经验中学到知识8. patient endeavor: persistent and co

ntinuous hard work/effort/attempt

9. sound: (1). well-judged (sensible and likely to produce the right results

Sound advice /judgement /reasons 好建议、正确的判断、充足的理由 A sound investment 明智的投资 (2). complete and thorough: A sound knowledge of the European mar

ket 对欧洲市场了解全面透彻 sound thinking 慎重考虑

(3). in good condition The bodywork is sound but the engine nee

ds replacing. (4). physically or mentally healthy: A sound mind is inseparable from a soun

d body.健全的精神是与健康的身体不可分割的。 Sound as a bell (=in perfect health) (5) sound sleep (deep and peaceful) Sound sleeper

What are the marks of an educated man?

1. correctness and precision in the use of mother tongue

2.  refined and gentle manners 3. the power and habit of reflection 4. the power of growth 5.  possession of efficiency

9….but among them are five that should always stand out…: … but out of all the traits or characteristics of an educated man should possess, five should easily be identified.

stand out: (1) sth. can be seen very clearly because of it color, size, or shape.

e.g.: The name on the van stood out clearly.

(2) sth, is much better or more important than other things of the same kind.

e.g.: They were all pretty, but she stood out among them.

This is one of the things that stand out in my memory.

precision:preciseness; exactness

Scientific instruments have to be made with great ~.

a ~ tool~ bombing~ in calculation

( 精准）

精密仪器 精确的轰炸 计算的精确度

10. The quire shocking slovenliness and vulgarity…have produced no impression: The imprecision and rudeness in most of one’s spoken English, as well as …, proves undoubtedly that years of…that are thought to be socially acceptable( 体面的） have been ineffective (useless) .人们在英语口语中听到大量的随意和粗俗的表达，这种情况在书面语中也屡见不鲜……毫无疑问，本以为多年的中小学以及高等教育能够使人体面起来，结果并未见成效。

beyond peradventure: undoubtedly Shanghai is becoming an international met

ropolis beyond ~. respectable: showing standards of behavio

r, appearance ,etc. that are socially acceptable 正派的；雅观的；体面的

How could you expect me, a respectable married woman to do such a thing!

It is not ~ to get drunk in the street. I must go and put on a clean shirt and mak

e myself look respectable.

11. Attendance: the act or fact of attending , esp. regularly; the number of people present.

Attendance at school is demanded by law.

He has a poor attendance record.We had an attendance of over 5000

spectators at the open-air concert.

12. with pure diction: in a way that words are pronounced perfectly well, not mixed with any impure or non-standard sound.

13. How much easier he finds it to imitate English of the other sort!: It’s not hard to mimic/copy the pure English

forced: unnatural; produced unwillingly and/or with difficulty

I thought their laughter was rather forced.

( 强颜欢笑）

I am fed up with his forced manners.（不自然的）

reveal: show sth. previously hidden to be seen; make known sth. previously secret or unknown

The curtains opened, revealing a darkened stage.

The investigation has ~ed some serious faults in the system.

persist : continue in a course of action or way of behaving, firmly and perhaps unreasonably in spite of opposition or warning

If you persist in causing trouble, the company may be forced to dismiss you.

Must you persist in misunderstanding me!

Contented: satisfiedMy father was the most contented

man I ever met.They smoked a while, contented and

at rest.He puffed contentedly on his cigar.

Contented. Cool panda 1st Most contented Cat

efficiency: the power to work well , very quickly and without waste; the power to do well

She is well known for her possession of high efficiency.

We must achieve efficiency in our study.

letters: literature in generalThey are students of art and letters.John was a man of letters with no

interest in current affairsShe was one of the foremost figures

in English letters at the turn of the century.

词汇辨异

ACQUIRE GET

Acquire and get can be very close in meaning and sometimes are interchangeable. Acquire points to a piecemeal process of possession that is continuous and often slow, very often suggesting an effort or exposure required to gain less tangible things, as in the learning process.

Get means ”obtain '', which is certainly more formal.

TRAIT & CHARACTERISTICCharacteristic may imply neutral description in referring to any aspect of something' without evaluating its relative importance to the whole. It often suggests an aspect of the whole that is regarded as typical.

Trait is often used to describe long-lasting behaviour patterns, rather than single actions.

PERSIST INSIST

Persist indicates the continuation of doing something, even though it is difficult or other people are against it. In the structure ，” something persists,'' the word refers to the lingering on of something beyond the point where one would expect it to terminate.

Insist is usually used with "people," who stick to an idea/ideas firmly and refuse to give in about it.