Unit 8 – Arrival in Canada

SECTION 7

Introduction

William of Orange had just taken over the thrown of England

The previous king, King James had fled to France and joined the army

King William joins the league of Augsburg against France

Introduction

King William and Britain were protestant

King James and France were Catholic

This also contributed to the reasons to fight in the new world

AlliesEnglish Allies French Allies

Great britain Spanish

Iroquois Abenaki

Muscogee Pennacook

Chickasaw Caughnawaga Mohawk

Yamasee Choctaw

British America Timucua

Apalachee

Natchez

New France

Many Indian Tribes sided with European colonies because the Europeans promised they would help them fight their native enemies. The Europeans also promised land and other items

War BeginsFrench and English

colonists already despised each other before King James’s exile

In June 1689 several hundred Indians under French command attacked the British city of Dover

This would start a 9 year war

War Begins

The English attacked Acadia and captured it

The French rallied under Count de Frontenac

He sent out 3 war parties in 1690

War beginsThe first party destroyed SchenectadyThe second burned the settlement of salmon fallsThe third forced Fort Loyal to surrender

War under Way Most battles by both

sides were surprise attacks by Indians which were led by British or French leaders

Most battles were small skirmishes and didn’t last long

The French and their Indian allies won the most land and battles

War at its End

The war was finally ended in 1697 with the treaty of Ryswick

A status quo ante bellum was established

Peace didn’t last long and 5 years later another war had begun

Queen Anne's War

The Queen Anne’s War was the N. American war of the Spanish Succession

It Started in 1702 and ended in 1713

It ended with the treaty of Utrecht

Queen Anne's WarThey fought on 3

frontsEnglish fought with

the French in AcadiaSpanish fought the

English in FloridaFrench battled with

the English in Newfoundland

Acadia

Port Royal was the Centre of Nova Scotia it gave control of the rich fishing waters of the Grand Banks

In 1704 the Major Benjamin Church of the British created a blockade of Port Royal but later left for Boston

Acadia

A second and third attempt at Port Royal both failed

Daniel d’Auger de Subercase defended port Royal from John March and Colonel Francis Wainwright

Acadia

On the 4th attempt British attacked on September 24 1710

They attacked with 36 ships and 2000 men

The French lasted 8 days but then surrendered to the power of Britain

This ended French rule of Acadia

Spanish and English war

The war was fought in Florida and Carolina

Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville new that control of the Mississippi would greatly help trade

This land was controlled by the English

Spanish and English War

Iberville convinced the Spanish to arm some Indians and make an attack on the English

The English received warning and met them at flint river and wiped 500 Spanish led Indians

Spanish and English war The war was now under way The English countered

under governor Moore with 500 English and 300 Indians

They attacked St. Augustine and burnt it to the ground

They were unable to take the main fortress and were sent back by Spanish from Havana

Spanish and English war

The Apalachee and Timucua indians were wiped out by Moore

These raids were known as the Apalachee Massacre

English battle for Newfoundland

John Leake attacked several small towns but did not attack the French fortress Plaisance

in 1705 Daniel d’Auger de Subercase attacked some English settlement and unsuccessfully besieged fort William

In 1706 the English sent a fleet of ships that destroyed French fishing posts

In 1708 the French Canadians, and Mi'kmaq captured fort St. john but later abandoned it

English battle for Newfoundland

Peace again

After all the fighting another treaty was signedThe treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713The British gained Acadia, Newfoundland and the

Hudson bay region

Peace again

The French remained in control of all the islands in the gulf of saint Lawrence and held rights to fish in the area and to dry fish on the northern shore of Newfoundland

Although another treaty was signed there was still war in the future for England and France

Fortress of Louisburg

After the treaty was signed the French wanted to make sure they were defended from attacks further inland

The fortress of Louisburg was built to prevent the British from attacking by ship down the St. Lawrence

Fortress of Louisburg

The French's new fortress was poorly built

It took over 20 years to build and the massive walls could easily be destroyed by the British's modern canons

the fortress was also built in the wrong spot. It was not built on a hill but surrounding hills could easily attack it