UNIT 7 NEW FRANCE · Web viewPlains of Abraham French army from Montreal attacks British at Quebec...
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UNIT 5 NEW FRANCE Seven Years War/French and Indian Wars 1754-1763 Causes General Causes Explanation Imperialism Britain wanted to expand its territory in North America as its population was growing and it needed more land France wanted to expand its territory in North America as it wanted to expand the fur trade Causes Explanation Fur Trade British and French wanted control of the fur trade in the area west of the Rocky Mountains and in the Ohio Valley Farmland British/Americans wanted to expand and gain farmland in area west of the Rocky Mountains and in the Ohio Valley while the French wanted to prevent American settlement into this area Fishing Areas British and French wanted control of the fishing areas in the Atlantic Strategic Location British and French wanted control of Louisbourg, Halifax, and Acadia Source: Crossroads p.55-57 and Canada Revisited - Chapter Four: Struggle for Control p.61 & 69 British-French Conflict in North America
Transcript of UNIT 7 NEW FRANCE · Web viewPlains of Abraham French army from Montreal attacks British at Quebec...
UNIT 5 NEW FRANCE
Seven Years War/French and Indian Wars 1754-1763
Causes
General Causes
Explanation
Imperialism Britain wanted to expand its territory in North America as its population was growing and it needed more land
France wanted to expand its territory in North America as it wanted to expand the fur trade
Causes ExplanationFur Trade British and French wanted control of the fur trade in the area
west of the Rocky Mountains and in the Ohio Valley
Farmland British/Americans wanted to expand and gain farmland in area west of the Rocky Mountains and in the Ohio Valley while the French wanted to prevent American settlement into this area
Fishing Areas
British and French wanted control of the fishing areas in the Atlantic
Strategic Location
British and French wanted control of Louisbourg, Halifax, and Acadia
Source: Crossroads p.55-57 and Canada Revisited - Chapter Four: Struggle for Control p.61 & 69
British-French Conflict in North America
Battles
Battles DescriptionJuly 1758LouisbourgSiege
capture Louisbourg to gain control of the entrance of St. Lawrence R. and then sail down river to attack Quebec
June British bombard the fortress from their ships for about 60 days
British land and bombard the fortress Louisbourg surrenders in July
Ohio Valley 1758-1759
Fort Frontenacand Duquense
Fort Niagara and Carillon
British control was necessary to reduce French influence in the Ohio Valley
British capture Fort Frontenac August 1758 and Fort Duquesne November 1758
British capture Fort Niagara and Carillon (Ticonderoga) 1759
Sept 13 1759Battle on the Plains of Abraham
General James Wolfe bombards Quebec during July and August July British attempt to land on Beauport shore but fail September 13 British troops land on north shore and use a path
at Anse aux Foulons to climb up the cliff to the Plains of Abraham General Montcalm meets British on the Plains of Abraham French charge at British but British fire breaks their ranks and
forces French to retreat British win Battle of the Plains of Abraham Wolf and Montcalm die turning point in the war
April 28 1760Battle of Sainte-Foy (Second Battle on the Plains of Abraham)
French army from Montreal attacks British at Quebec and defeat British forces who to retreat into the fortress of Quebec
British reinforcements arrive via St. Lawrence R. prompting French army to retreat to Montreal
Sept 8 1760Montreal British army surrounds Montreal and Governor Vaudreuil
surrenders British win the war
Source: Canada Revisited - Chapter Four: Struggle for Control p.70-73 and Chapter 2: Struggle for a Continent p.63-67
Major victories and losses before and during the Seven Years War
Consequences
Short Term Effects/Consequences
Consequences Description
British military rule 1760-1763
British army set up a temporary government > military governors appointed at Quebec, Montreal, Trois Rivieres
British military rulers did not make any great changes to life in the colony
Jesuits were forced to return to France French businessmen returned to France and were replaced
by British merchants mostly from the Thirteen Colonies New France lost its main political, business, and religious
leaders
Treaty of Paris 1763
France returned all of its possessions in New France and Acadia to Britain
France kept islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon
Source: Canada Revisited - Chapter Four: Struggle for Control p.78-79 and Chapter 2: Struggle for a Continent p.71
Long Term Effects/Consequences
Royal Proclamation of 1763
purpose/aim was to assimilate the French and make Quebec British
it established a boundary along the Appalachian and recognized first nations title to the lands to the west
Catholics not permitted to hold public office (government positions)
British laws replaced French laws
refer to p.82 Canada Revisited
Quebec Act 1774 purpose/aim was to gain to loyalty of the Canadiens by
promoting biculturalism and allowing the French and British ways doing things
boundaries of Quebec extended government consisted of a governor and appointed council
and include French-speaking Catholics Catholic religion protected French language protected French civil law restored
refer to p.84 Canada Revisited
Source: Crossroads - Chapter 2: Struggle for a Continent p.73-75 and Canada Revisited - Chapter Four: Struggle for Control p.82 & 84
