UNIT 7 – Human Biology
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Transcript of UNIT 7 – Human Biology
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UNIT 7 – Human Biology
LT 6.10.6SWBAT describe and compare the main functions of human body systems and
organs
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Before we begin
What do you
fear the most?
How do you
respond to your
fear?
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Hook
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5yGJGTjV2WE
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The nervous system and the endocrine system provide the means by which organ systems communicate.
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J – TPS (Justify – Think Pair Share)
• What happens when you touch something extremely hot? How do you react? Why?
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J-TPS (Justify –Think Pair Share)
THINK PAIR
SHARE
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The body’s communication systems help maintain homeostasis
• A stimulus is something that causes a response.– Responses can be:
• Chemical• Cellular• Behavioral
– The nervous and endocrine systems respond to stimuli.
What is homeostasis?
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Think• What stimuli cause your body to sweat and cause
your pupils to shrink?THINK BOX
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• The nervous system controls thoughts, movement, and emotion.
• The endocrine system controls growth, development, and digestion.
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The nervous and endocrine systems have different methods and rates of
communication
• The nervous system works quickly.
• It uses chemical and electrical signals.
• The nervous system allows us to respond to pain.
spinal chord
nerves
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spinal chord
nerves
• The nervous system is divided into:–The Central Nervous System (CNS) and–The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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The endocrine system works more slowly
– only chemical signals– signals move through bloodstream – physically unconnected organs
receptor
target cell
not a target cell
bloodstream
hormone
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Think• Which system, the endocrine or the nervous,
controls the rate at which you blink? Explain.THINK BOX
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Check your understanding
• Both the nervous and the endocrine systems allow you to1. analyze thoughts2. respond to stimuli3. control growth4. react at the same rate
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Check your understanding
• The nervous and endocrine systems respond to 1. receptors2. changes3. messages4. stimuli
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Check your understanding
• The endocrine system controls growth, development1. emotions2.digestion3. thoughts4. movement
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Check your understanding
• Which activity is most likely controlled by the nervous system? 1. Growth2. response to pain3. changes in body chemistry4. development
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Check your understanding
Why is the nervous system able to respond so quickly to a stimulus?
1. The nervous system responds only to certain simple stimuli
2. Messages don't have to travel first to the brain3. All parts of the nervous system are physically
connected in a network4. Chemical signals travel quickly in the body.
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Check your understanding
• Which type of neuron relays signals from the central nervous system to the muscles?1. sensory neuron2. interneuron3. motor neuron4. specialized support cell
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Hook
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8dbDJzDV1CM
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The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells
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IBE – JTPS What do you notice about these cells?
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J-TPS (Justify –Think Pair Share)
THINK PAIR
SHARE
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A neuron has three parts
1. cell body has nucleus and organelles
1 Cell body
2. dendrites receive impulses
3. axon carries impulses
2 dendrites
3 axon
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• Electrical impulses (messages) are carried from the axon terminal across the synapse to the dendrite of the next neuron
Neurons never physically touch (The Synapse)
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• Neurotransmitters (chemical message signals) are primarily found in the synapse between neurons
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Motor neurons pass messages to muscles
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IBE – JTPS How do your neurons react when in the morning your alarm clock buzzes?
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J-TPS (Justify –Think Pair Share)
THINK PAIR
SHARE
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The Resting Neuron • When a neuron is resting (not transmitting a
message), the outside of the cell is more positive and the inside of the cell is more negative.
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• An action potential is a moving electrical chemical message called an impulse.
• This occurs because:– Positive sodium ions (Na+) rush into the axon.
The action potential (the active neuron)
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– The neuron returns to the at rest position (negative inside) when potassium ions (K+) leave.
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When an action potential reaches the axon terminal, a chemical signal passes between neurons.
– Vesicles release neurotransmitters into the synapse.
– Neurotransmitters stimulate the next cell
The Synapse
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Revisit IBE – JTPS How do your neurons react when in the morning your alarm clock buzzes?
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Check your understanding
• Which part of this neuron carries messages to the cell body?1. axon2. dendrites3. nucleus4. terminals
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Check your understanding
An electrical impulse moving down an axon is called a(n)
1. automatic function2. neurotransmitter3. action potential4. feedback loop
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Check your understanding
• Thoughts, movements, and some life processes are controlled by the1. nervous system2. endocrine system3. muscular system4. circulatory system
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Check your understanding
• Thoughts, movements, and some life processes are controlled by the1. nervous system2. endocrine system3. muscular system4. circulatory system
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Check your understanding
• The structure that carries impulses in a neuron's cell is called a(n)1. axon2. vesicle3. synapse4. dendrite
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Check your understanding
• What is a neuron's resting potential?1. the quantity of electrical impulse a cell generates2. the number of positive particles outside a cell3. the diffusion of ions inside of the cell4. the difference in charge across the cell membrane
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Check your understanding
• What part of a neuron receives messages?1. the axon2. the dendrites3. the cell body4. the synapse
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0NpTdge3aw
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