Unit 7Injury Management

Soft Tissue Injuries • Abrasion

• Scrapping away of outer layer of skin

• Avulsion• Tearing or pulling away a part of a structure

• Laceration• Jagged, irregular cut

• Contusion• A bruise

• Sprain/Strain• Tearing of ligament/muscle

Soft Tissue Injury Treatment

• Clean area with soap and water

• Apply antibiotic cream

• Apply sterile bandage

• Watch for infection

Treatment: Severed or Amputated

• Wrap severed part in sterile gauze

• Put in plastic bag

• Put plastic bag on ice

• Send severed part with victim to hospital

Deep Lacerations

• Apply steri-strips or butterfly dressing • Cover with sterile dressing• Stitches?

• Longer 1 inch• Deep cut into dermis• Edges that do not close with steri-strip

or butterfly dressing• Uneven edges• Best to get stitches within 6-8 hours to

decrease scarring and infection• Facial best to get stitches within 4

hours

BITES

• Wash with soap and water• Cover with sterile dressing• Apply antibiotic ointment• Apply Ice

• Never apply ice with snakebites• Stimulates the spread of the venom

• Complications• Poisonous

• Minimize movement• Seek medical attention

• Infection• Seek medical attention

BLISTERS

• Caused by the skin rubbing against a hard or rough surface resulting in the layers of the skin to separate

• Feel a “hot spot”

• Treatment:

• Leave in tact

• Popping blister leaves open skin susceptible for infection

• If blister is torn, keep clean and cover with moleskin or second skin.

STINGS• Treatment

• Look for stinger• If stinger present scrape away from skin

with finger nail or edge of a plastic card• Never use tweezers to remove

stinger- squeezing the stinger will release venom into body

• Wash area with soap water• Cover with sterile dressing• Apply Ice• Watch for allergic reaction

ALLERGIC REACTIONS

• Caused by insect stings, food, other allergens

• Cause serious life-threatening breathing emergencies

• Air passages swell and restrict breathing

• S/S= rash, tightness in chest, swelling of face and tongue, dizzy, confused

• Use of Epi-pen is necessary treatment

• Known as Anaphylactic shock

SKIN CONDITIONS• Caused by a fungus, virus, bacteria or

parasite• Common in sports such as wrestling, but

can occur in any individual

FUNGUS

• Tinea= superficial fungal infection• Thrive in Moist, warm, dark

environments.

• Treatment• Anti fungal creams or sprays.

Sometimes needs an anti-fungal oral medication

• Common types in athletics • Tinea corpis, Tinea cruris and

Tinea Pedis

Tinea Corporis- Ringworm• Common in wrestling

• AKA- Tinea Gladiatroum

• Lesions have a ring-like eruption with red or brown plaques with raised border

• Appear on scalp, trunk and upper and lower extremities• Spread by skin to skin contact

Tinea infections…

Tinea cruris• Jock Itch• Rash, scaling small

papules in groin and medical thigh area

Tinea Pedis• Athletes foot• Redness, scaling, cracking

and itching• Soles of feet and in-

between toe

Bacterial Infections in Sports

• Impetigo• Pustules that

become crusted and rupture

• Highly contagious with skin to skin contact

• Treated with oral anti-biotic

Bacteria Infections• MRSA

• Caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria or “staph”

• Start as red bumps and quickly turn into deep painful abscesses

• Can penetrate into blood stream, potentially causing life-threatening infections to body systems

• Treatment• Antibiotics & Draining abscesses

Common Viral Infection in Sports

• Warts• Verruca

vulgaris

• Small tumors with dark centers

• May appear anywhere on body

• Treatment• Cryosurgery• Salicylic acid

Verruca Plantaris Plantar warts

• Develop on sole of foot• Pinpoint black spots• Can be protected with donut-

shaped pad to relieve pressure

Eczema

• Itchy red rash• Caused by

• Allergies• Stress• Temperature• Drug reaction• Scratching• Sun exposure

• Treatment• Corticosteroid

Lotions and ointments

• Antihistamines• Lotions to

hydrate skin

BLEEDING• Arterial Bleeding

• Bright red and spurts• Hard to stop and life-threatening

• Venous Bleeding• Dark red and steady flow• Easier to control

• Capillary Bleeding• Slow and steady• Greater chance of infection

• 10% loss of blood volume may be critical

Controlling External Bleeding

• Apply direct pressure with sterile dressing

• Cover with a roller bandage

• Bleeding does not stop• Additional dressing

• Minimize shock

• Call 911

• Bleeding

Internal Bleeding• What do you do?• CALL 911

Immediately!!• DO not give

anything to eat or drink

• Life threatening - Death will be the outcome without QUICK advanced medical care!

Internal Bleeding Signs and Symptoms

• Tender, swollen, hard areas

• Rapid, weak pulse

• Skin cool, pale, moist

• Vomit blood

• Excessive thirst

• Confusion

• LOC

SHOCK• Life-threatening condition when there is

not enough blood being delivered to vital organs

• SIGNALS: • Restless or altered level of

consciousness• Rapid breathing or pulse• Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin• Thirsty

Treatment for SHOCK

• Call 911 and monitor ABC’s and vital signs, treat conditions

• Elevate legs 12 inches• Keep person comfortable• DO NOT give person anything to

eat or drink

Abdominal Injuries

• Ruptured Spleen

• Located ULQ

• Caused by blow to abdomen

• S/S = rigid abdomen, nausea, vomiting and possible signs of shock

• Khers sign

• Left shoulder and arm pain

• Can cause profuse hemorrhaging and death

Abdominal Injuries

• Appendicitis• Located RLQ

• Caused by bacterial infection from an obstruction

• Mild to severe cramping, nausea, vomiting and low fever, RLQ pain

• Surgery required

Abdominal Injuries • HERNIA• Protrusion of

abdominal viscera through abdominal wall

• Common in groin- inguinal hernia

• Superficial protrusion may be observed, pain is increased by sudden movements, coughing or sneezing

• Surgery required

SPLINTING• Only if the person must be moved• In the position you find it• Joints above and below must be immobile

- SNUG• Check circulation before and after

(warmth, color)• Only if you can do without causing more

pain

Head, Neck and Back Injuries

• Biggest Concern?• Paralysis if moved

• Signal of One?• Change in conscious• Numbness or tingling or loss of

movement• Complain pain or point tenderness on

cervical spine

• Care for?• MINIMIZE MOVEMENT• Provide in-line stabilization

What if athlete is wearing a helmet?• Do not remove• IF need to gain access to airway use

appropriate equipment to minimize movement of spine

Care for Medical Conditions

• Seizure• Protect from

injury• Do not put

anything in mouth

• Do not hold down

• Faints• Lay down &

elevate legs

Care for Medical Conditions• Diabetic (Too

much or little sugar in person’s blood)• Give sugar if

conscious

• Asthma• Help administer

inhaler

Heat Illnesses

• Normally progress in severity• Heat cramps• Heat

exhaustion• Heat Stroke

• Caused by combination of strenuous activity and hot/humid weather

• Fluid imbalances

Heat Cramps• Result from fluid

volume problem• Can be prevented

by drinking water before and throughout activity

• Stretch the affected muscle slowley

Heat Illnesses

• Heat exhaustion• Profuse

sweating

• Pale skin

• Nausea

• Dizzy

• Headache

• Altered LOC

• Heat stroke• Red, flushed dry

skin, irritable, aggressive

• Headache

• Dizzy, weak

• Sweat mechanism shut off

• Most serious heat condition- call 911

Treatment of Heat Illnesses• Move victim to cool place

• Give cool water - small amounts if conscious

• Immerse in cold water or use ice towels

• Fan, sponge off

• Loosen clothing

• Victim not improve or won’t drink= call 911

Cold-Related Illnesses

• Frostbite• Lack of feeling• Skin appears

white & waxy• Skin cold to

touch

• Hypothermia• Shivering• Numbness• Glassy Stare• Decrease LOC• Weakness• Impaired

Judgement

Treatment for Cold related illnesses

• Gently& SLOWLY warm victim• Warm too quickly can a cause

heart arrhythmias• Check ABC’s• Remove wet clothing and cover with

blankets• Handle carefully• Frostbite

• Soak in warm water

• Cover - DO NOT RUB