Unit 7 3º eso

UNIT 7 3º ESO

A PERFECT WORLD

VOCABULARY 1 POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT

– BORDER – CITIZEN– COALITION– COUNTRY– CURRENCY– ELECTION– FLAG– GOVERNMENT

– HEAD OF STATE– LAW– MINISTER– MONARCHY– PARTY– POLITICIAN– REPUBLIC– SOCIETY

VOCABULARY 2 POLICIES

–ALLOW –BAN–BUILD–CUT–ELECT–FUND

–INTRODUCE–LOWER–RAISE–SPEND–TAX–VOTE

MAKE / LET / BE ALLOWED TO • MAKE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING

• LET SOMEONE DO SOMETHING

• BE ALLOWED TO DO SOMETHING

MAKE / LET / BE ALLOWED TO • MAKE SOMEONE DO SOMETHING

– To oblige or force someone to do somethingMy mother makes me eat broccoli every weekshe doesn’t make me eat chips!

• LET SOMEONE DO SOMETHING• to permit someone to do something

• My father lets me take his car during the week but he doesn’t let me it during the weekends

• BE ALLOWED TO DO SOMETHING• To have permission to do something

• We are allowed to wear piercings in the school but we are not alowed to bring the mobile phone

Conditional sentences

• They are composed by two parts– 1. Expresses the condition (IF CLAUSE)

If you climb up that tree – 2. Expresses the consequences ….you will fall

• There are 3 main types of conditional patterns– I. PROBABLE condition– II. IMPROBABLE condition– III. IMAGINARY condition

Conditional sentences

FIRST CONDITIONAL

• Probable condition • Probability 90%• Remember they are composed by two parts

– If clause ( condition)– Consequence

• First conditional structure

IF WHEN

UNLESSAS SOON AS

IF + Present simple / / Subject + ‘ll / will / won’t + Infinitive

If you study hard you will pass your examsThe order can be changed and it can be used in

a positive and negative wayYou will pass if you study hardIf you don’t study hard you won’t passYou won’t pass if you don’t study hard

IF + Present simple / / Subject + ‘ll / will / won’t + Infinitive

Remember that we never use the future in the IF CLAUSE

USES

• First conditional are used to talk about future actions and their consequencesIf you don’t go to the party you won’t meet Paul

• But it can be also used to give warningsIf she smokes she will feel sick

• You can use MAY / MIGHT / COULD / CAN instead of WILL If she comes she could meet Paul

• You can use WHEN / AS SOON AS / UNLESS instead of IF

WHEN / AS SOON AS / UNLESS

• WHEN If it doesn’t rain I will go to the beachWhen it doesn’t rain I will go to the beach

• AS SOON ASMy mother will make dinner as soon as she arrives

home • UNLESS

– It means “IF NOT” and it is ALWAYS used with a positive verb

Unless you practise you won’t win a medal

FIRST CONDITIONAL

If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.

If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you again.

The first conditional refers to the present and future.

It expresses a possible condition and

its probable result in the future.

If clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE

Main clause:

FUTURE SIMPLE

SECOND CONDITIONAL

• Improbable condition • Probability 10%• Remember they are composed by two parts


• Second conditional structure

IF + Past simple / / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t + Infinitive

If you spoke French we would travel to Paris The order can be changed and it can be used in

a positive and negative wayWe would travel to Paris if you spoke FrenchIf you didn’t speak French we wouldn’t travel to Paris We wouldn’t travel to Paris if you didn’t speak French Remember that we never use the

futurWOULD in the IF CLAUSE

IF + Past simple / / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t + Infinitive

• If I were you I wouldn’t do that • If I were a boy I would turn off my phone• If I were a rich man …• If Peter were a wealthy man he wouldn't have

to work hard

In this kind of sentences you can use either WAS or WERE (WAS is more colloquial)

USES

• Second conditional is used to talk about the consequences of an imaginary or hypothetical situation in the present or in the future (Impossible/improbable situation)If I had a lot of money I would buy myself a yatchWhat would you buy f you had a million euros?...

• But it can be also used to give advices If I were you I wouldn’t smoke so much

Jack wants to buy a house but he can’t do this because he doesn’t have any money.

If I had a lot of money,

I would buy a big house.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

Susan wants to phone Paul but she can’t do this because she doesn’t know his number.

If I knew his number,

I would phone him.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.

If I knew his number, I would phone him.

if-clause:PAST TENSE SIMPLE

main clause:PRESENT CONDITIONAL would + infinitive

SECOND CONDITIONAL

The second conditional refers to the present and future.

It expresses an unreal situation and its probable result.

The situation or condition is improbable, impossible,

imaginary, or contrary to known facts.

FIRST v. SECOND CONDITIONAL

THE DIFFERENCE: FIRST and SECOND CONDITIONALBoth conditionals refer to the present and future.

The difference is about probability, not time.First conditional: real and possible situations

Second conditional: unlikely to happen

If John runs fast, he will win the race.

If John ran fast, he would win the race.

This is still possible to happen.

This is unlikely to happen because John doesn’t run fast.

THIRD CONDITIONAL

• Imaginary condition • Probability 0%• Remember they are composed by two parts


• Third conditional structure

IF + Past perfect/ / Subject + ‘d / would / wouldn’t have + past perfect

THIRD CONDITIONAL

Jack wanted to buy a house last year but he couldn’t do that because he didn’t have any money.

If I had had a lot of money,

I would have bought a big house.

THIRD CONDITIONAL

Yesterday, Susan wanted to phone Paul but she couldn’t do that because she didn’t know his number.

If I had known his number,

I would have phoned him.

THIRD CONDITIONAL

If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.

If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.

if-clause:PAST PERFECT SIMPLE

main clause: PAST CONDITIONALwould + have + past participle

The third conditional refers to the past and

it is not based on facts. It expresses the a situation

which is contrary to reality in the past.

SECOND v. THIRD CONDITIONAL

THE DIFFERENCE: SECOND and THIRD CONDITIONALThe difference is about time.

Second conditional: refers to the present and future Third conditional: refers to the past situations

If I saw a car accident, I would call an ambulance.

If I had seen a car accident, I would have called an ambulance.

But I don’t see an accident now. This is unlikely to happen.

But I didn’t see an accident yesterday. This is contrary to the fact in the past.

ACTIVITIES

Test Examples

• If you ask him, he ___________ (take) you to the airport.• The view was wonderful. If I ______________(have) a

camera with me, I would have taken some photographs.• You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned more, I

________________(buy) you the whole world. • It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I had gone

there, I ____________________ (have) a chance to use my Spanish.

• If I were you, I ______________ (take) your neighbour to court.

Test Examples

• If you ask him, he will take you to the airport.• The view was wonderful. If I had had a camera

with me, I would have taken some photographs.• You know that I can’t afford this ring. If I earned

more, I would buy you the whole world. • It’s a pity I didn’t go to Spain last summer. If I

had gone there, I would have had a chance to use my Spanish.

• If I were you, I would take your neighbour to court.

Do Now: Finish each of these sentences.

• When you arrive late to school…– you have to go to the office.

• If it doesn´t stop raining before CAS…– we will play volleyball inside.

• If Moni were taller…– she would ride on the rollercoaster.

• If it hadn´t been so cold yesterday… – I would have gone to the game.

Conjugate the verb in parentheses

• If she had studied, she ____ (pass) the exam.

• If she had studied, she would have passed the exam.


• If I hadn't eaten so much, I ____ (feel) sick last night.

• If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn’t have felt sick last night.


• She wouldn't have been tired if she ____ (go) to bed earlier.

• She wouldn’t have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier.


• She _____ (become) a teacher if she had gone to university.

• She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university.


• He would have been on time for the interview if he _____ (leave) the house at nine.

• He would have been on time for the interview if he had left the house at nine.

Practice • Directions: Write a dialogue for an argument

between two people (based on the card you draw). – Include at least five examples each (ten total) of

the third conditional. – Include at least two vocabulary words from the

board. – Your argument must have some sort of resolution.

Mixed Conditional Practice

• She wouldn’t need a visa to work here if she __________________ (be) born in Europe.

• She wouldn’t need a visa to work here if she had been born in Europe.

Mixed Conditional Practice

• Sam would have translated the letter for you if he ______________ (speak) Russian.

• Sam would have translated the letter for you if he spoke Russian.

Complete sentences with the appropriate conditional form

1. It’ll be quicker if we …….. a taxi to the airport. (get)2. If the company stopped advertising online it ……. (have) higher operating

costs.3. I think he’d be happier if he …..(not live) alone.4. The managing director wouldn’t have fired so many of his employees if they

…….. (relocate) earlier.5. We don’t start if all the students ……..(talk)6. I’ll be very surprised if Maria ….(not get) the job that was advertised here

last week.7. If you cross an international date line, the time…..(change).8. If the entrepreneur hadn’t taken so many risks, the company ……….(not

close down).9. All the goods would have sold out If we ……….. (drop) the prices a little.10. If I ……… (pass) all my exams I would be working by now.11. If I ………(to be) you, I’d leave it until tomorrow.

KEY 1. It’ll be quicker if we get a taxi to the airport. 2. If the company stopped advertising online, it would have higher operating

costs.3. I think he’d be happier, if he didn’t live alone.4. The managing director wouldn’t have fired many of his employees if they

had relocated earlier.5. We don’t start if all the students are talking.6. I’ll be very surprised if Maria doesn’t get the job that was advertised here

last week.7. If you cross an international date line, the time changes.8. If the entrepreneur hadn’t taken so many risks, the company wouldn’t have

closed down.9. All the goods would have sold out, If we had dropped the prices a little.10. If I had passed all my exams, I would be working by now. (mixed cond)11. If I were you, I’d leave it until tomorrow.

Unit 7 3º eso

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