Unit 7 & 10

The Renaissance & Reformation

The RenaissanceI. Humanism and a Rebirth in Learning:

a.) Old Greek and Roman Learningb.) Humanism: In art and literaturec.) New Asian Ideas (Muslims, Chinese, Indians)d.) Why Italy?

II. The Rise of Capitalism:a.) Effects of the crusades Rise of markets End of Feudalism Rise of New Townsb.) Commerce: Middle Class

Map of Renaissance Europe

Venice, Genoa, Florence

Traders

Spain

France

England

“Germanic States”

Russia

Norway

Sweden

Mediterranean Sea

Muslim Empire

Italy

Traders

Timeline of the Renaissance

End of Feudalism RENAISSANCE:

“Rebirth” – a “rebirth” of the Greek and Roman culture- a new perspective in learning and ideas, in

education, technology, trade/economics and politics

1350

1400

1450 1500

1550

RenaissanceBegins

Florence becomes artistic center

Renaissance Period

1456: Gutenberg invents printing press

Reformation begins in the 1500s

World Exploration

The Rise of Capitalism:

Effects of the Crusades on the Economy:

1. New Markets and Towns:- Were created because of the revival of trade after the crusades

2. End of Feudalism:- Freed serfs left the manors and moved to the new cities and towns- A money economy replaced lad ownership as the means of wealth

The Commercial Revolution

1.) Commercial Revolution- A “change” from a feudal economy to market (money $) economy

2.) Market Economy- The demand for a product and the supply available determines the price of a product (market system)

3.) Capitalism- An economic system- Based on using capital which is “investment money”- Prices are determined by the market

4.) Rise of the Middle Class- Created in new towns- They were business people; merchants, bankers, and craftsmen

5.) Guilds- Business organizations created to promote and protect a certain trade(craft) in a community or region

“International” Trade

1.) Hanseatic League: (Northern Europe to Baltic Sea) - Organization of trading merchants from large cities located in northern Europe - Reaction to the success and domination of the Italian in the South

2.) Italian City-States: (Southern Europe to Mediterranean Sea) - They dominated trade between Asia and Europe - Venice, Genoa, & Naples - Very independent

Humanism and a Rebirth of Learning in Europe

Renewed Interest in Learning (People become more creative and began to look at things from a different perspective)

1.) Greek and Roman Learning: was “reborn” in Europe (Art, Philosophy, Literature, Science)

2.) Asian Learning: (Asian ideas spread to Europe through trade with the Muslims) - Navigation (Sailing) - Science - Medicine

3.) Monastic System: (Monks in monasteries) - Preserved and spread old and new learning - Began new universities

Why the Renaissance Began in Italy

Italy’s great LOCATION led them to become great TRADERS;

TRADE led to great WEALTH; WEALTH led to many PATRONS;

PATRONS led to great UNIVERSTIES and WORKS OF ART

Florence, Italy: - Center of the Renaissance artistic world - Grew from support of the Medici familyPatrons: - Wealthy people who sponsored artists and thinkers to do great workMedici Family: - Bankers from Florence, Used wealth to control politics, & sponsored the great artists of Italy

Humanism

Humanism: - The intellectual and artistic movement that took place during the Renaissance - Focused more on the everyday life of a person (secular)

Secular: - NOT church related - Part of the everyday world

Humanism in Art

How Art Became Humanistic: - Themes: Everyday Man - Technique: used “perspective”

Perspective: - Technique used to make images look more realistic (3 dimensional)

Renaissance Artists

Leonardo DaVinciMichelangelo BuonarrotiRaphael SanctiDonatello

Leonardo DaVinci

“Renaissance Man” – could do many things extremely well

Paintings: Mona Lisa, the Last Supper

Sketches: Vitruvian Man

Inventions: Tank, Plane, etc..

Michelangelo Buonarroti

Great Sculptor and Painter

Favored patron of the Medici Family

Statue of “David” Painted the Sistine

Chapel’s ceiling

Raphael Sancti

Renaissance Painter

Focused on the classical cultures of Greece and Rome

“School of Athens”

Donatello

Painter and Sculptor

Sculpted the original “David” out of Bronze before Michelangelo

Also known for carving of Mary Magdalene

Humanism in Literature

How literature became humanistic: - wrote less about religion and more about everyday life - wrote to entertain - wrote in vernacular

Vernacular: - the local everyday language of the people (Italian, French, & Spain, etc)

Dante Alighieri

Italian Writer

-Wrote in the Vernacular (Italian – not Latin)

-- Put a human touch on Heaven and Hell in his most famous work the Divine Comedy which was broken up into 3 parts

Inferno, Purgatorio, & Paradiso

References to Pop Culture

Miguel De Cervantes

Spanish Writer

-Don Quixote – poked fun at traditions such as knighthood, chivalry and nobility

Shakespeare

English Writer

-Everyday emotions, situations, and life

-- Romeo and Juliet, Merchant of Venice, Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, etc…

Renaissance Technology

The Printing Press:

-Invented by Johan Gutenberg

-Made books available to the masses (enough of them-affordable)

-- Dramatically increased the collective knowledge of Europe

--Considered by many to be the most important innovation in human history

Essential Questions

1.) What was the relationship between the rise of capitalism and the decline of Feudalism?- Capitalism decreased the need for Feudalism (money replacedland as source of wealth)- Under capitalism, there is increased trade- Capitalism gives more money to the monarchs (Kings/Queens)- Middle Class gained power at expense of landowners

2.) What impact did capitalism have on the Renaissance?- Capitalism led to Trade (cultural diffusion) led to Money (patrons) led to Help pay for the arts (capitalism helped to fund the Renaissance)

3.) How did Renaissance thinking differ from the Medieval thinking?- Medieval thinking was concerned with the Church – God – Heaven- Renaissance thinking was concerned with Society – Man – Earth

The Reformation

MapTimelineChurch ProblemsMartin Luther and the ProtestantsOther Reform LeadersResults

Reformation Map

Scotland

England

Spain

France

“Germanic States”

Poland

Russia

Italian StatesOttomanEmpire

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Reformation Timeline