UNIT 6 NOTES

Chapter 16.3: States of Matter

Solids, Liquids and Gases

Atoms & Molecules Review

Atom Molecule

Kinetic Theory of Matter

All matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion.High Temperature: Move very fast!

High EnergyLow Temperature: Move very slow!

Low Energy

Matter and Temperature

The addition of energy will cause a change of stateThe Kinetic Theory of Matter – all particles making up matter are in motion and will increase in motion as energy is absorbed.

Temperature?

The average energy of a materials molecules.100° water has molecules with a very high energy.0° Ice has molecules with low energy

Stars and Sun 99% of Solar system

unknownunknownA gas like mixture of positive and negatively charged particles

PLASMA

Air, oxygenindefiniteindefiniteMaterials with particles that move randomly in straight lines

GAS

Water, Kool-Aiddefiniteindefinite

Materials with particles that can slide past one another

LIQUID

Candle, pencil, deskdefinitedefiniteMaterials with particles

close togetherSOLID

EXAMPLESVOLUMESHAPEDEFINITIONSTATE OFMATTER

a. definite shapeb. definite volumec. variable shaped. variable volume

Solid

Particles are close togetherKinetic energy is lowIceGoldwax

Liquid

Particles are spread apartKinetic energy is “medium”WaterMercuryMelted wax

Gas

Particles are spread far apartKinetic energy is “High”SteamWater vapor - cloudsoxygen

Plasma

Gas made up of charged particlesSunFluorescent light

Thermal Expansion

As matter gets hotter, it expandsAs matter cools down, it contracts

Change of StateA state of matter is how the material currently exists

SolidLiquidGasPlasma

The conversion from one state of matter to another.

iodineSolid to gasSublimation

Water boilingLiquid to gasBoiling or Vaporization

Water freezingLiquid to solidFreezing

Ice meltingSolid to liquidMelting

Shower doors and pop canGas to LiquidCondensation

Alcohol and waterLiquid to GasEvaporation

ExampleDescription of ChangeChange in State / Phase Change

Melting PointThe amount of energy (Temperature) that is needed to change a material from a solid to a liquid

Boiling PointThe amount of energy (Temperature) that is needed to change a material from a liquid to a gas

Important Temperatures

Liquid NitrogenSUBLIMATION

Liquid Nitrogen – Quicktime Movie