Unit 6
description
Transcript of Unit 6
Unit 6
Save the oceansSave the oceansSave the oceansSave the oceans
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face? Over-fishing
Improved fishing equipment has greatly increased the amount of fish caught, fishermen can now travel further out to sea.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
Radar
Crew’s quartersFactory deck
Engine room
Cold storeFuel tank
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Over-fishing
The boats are fitted with sonar equipment to locate fish shoals. Fishermen use nets with smaller mesh sizes, so young fish was caught.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
Over-fishingWhat are the problems that our
oceans face?What are the problems that our
oceans face?
Salmon Salmon
Tuna Tuna
WhaleWhale
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
Fish with commercial value are regularly caught in large quantities are decreasing rapidly.
Over-fishing has depleted many fish stocks such as salmon, tuna and whale.
Over-fishingWhat are the problems that our
oceans face?What are the problems that our
oceans face?
Blue whaleBlue whale
Humpback whaleHumpback whale
Many species of whale are now near extinction. Today, less than
1% of the original
population of the giant blue
whale remains.
Many species of whale are now near extinction. Today, less than
1% of the original
population of the giant blue
whale remains.
Of the hump-back whales,
only 3% remains.
Of the hump-back whales,
only 3% remains.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
The release of harmful substances into the environment.
Pollution
For a long time man has looked upon oceans as a bottomless dumping ground for waste.
The amount of waste discharged into oceans has greatly increased because of the rapid development of industries and cities along the coast.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Pollutant : Industrial waste from industries along the coast.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Pollutant Pollutant :: City sewage City sewage from densely from densely populated populated coastal coastal regions.regions.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Pollutant Pollutant :: Fertilizers and Fertilizers and pesticides used in pesticides used in farming carried into the farming carried into the sea by rivers.sea by rivers.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
PollutantPollutant :: Oil leakage from ships Oil leakage from ships and offshore oil mining.and offshore oil mining.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Pollutant Pollutant :: Fallout from Fallout from nuclear tests and dumping nuclear tests and dumping radioactive waste into radioactive waste into oceans.oceans.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
Radioactive waste should be handled carefully, otherwise our
ocean will be seriously polluted.
Pollutants found in oceans include plastics, toxic chemicals such as DDT and PCBs, and heavy metals such as lead, mercury and zinc.
Pollutants found in oceans include plastics, toxic chemicals such as DDT and PCBs, and heavy metals such as lead, mercury and zinc.
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Toxic chemicals
These pollutants enter the food chain and stay inside the body
of fish and marine animals.
These pollutants enter the food chain and stay inside the body
of fish and marine animals.
They affect the reproductive ability of fish, marine animals and birds.
They affect the reproductive ability of fish, marine animals and birds.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
Oil as a pollutant
Oil is leaked out from ships in accidents or from oil wells. The damage done by oil spills is enormous. The ecosystems of marine plants and animals are ruined.
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
On 24th March 1989, the oil super-tanker Exxon Valdez ran aground in Prince William Sound, Alaska. 250 000 barrels of oil poured into the sea.InternetInternet
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
More than 770 km More than 770 km of the coast of of the coast of Saudi Arabia was Saudi Arabia was coated with a thick coated with a thick dark layer of oil.dark layer of oil.
A large amount A large amount of oil was of oil was released into the released into the Persian Gulf Persian Gulf during the Gulf during the Gulf War in 1991.War in 1991.
A large amount A large amount of oil was of oil was released into the released into the Persian Gulf Persian Gulf during the Gulf during the Gulf War in 1991.War in 1991.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Nuclear waste
The United States and France have repeatedly carried out nuclear tests in the South Pacific.
These tests destroy the delicate coral islands and the fallouts pollute the seas around them.
Oceans are used as a burial ground for radioactive waste.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
What are the problems that our oceans face?
What are the problems that our oceans face?
Dredging of the seabed
The dredging of the seabed and the dumping of materials muddy the sea water.
The fish and animal population falls as food becomes less and their breeding grounds destroyed.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?
Very poor coastal water
quality
Very bad smell
Each day Hong Kong discharge over 1.5 million cubic metres of untreated sewage into Victoria Har
bour.
Each day Hong Kong discharge over 1.5 million cubic metres of untreated sewage into Victoria Har
bour.
Blackish coloured
water
Bacterial contamination is extremely high
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?Treatment of sewage
In 1989, the Environmental Protection Department completed the Sewage Strategy Study which developed an overall strategy for the management of sewage.
A major part of the strategy was the Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme which would collect sewage in the harbour areas through deep tunnels and transport it to a treatment plant at Stonecutters Island.
The sewage would be treated, by adding chemicals followed by sedimentation, then discharged in the deep ocean water south of Lamma Island.
The Environment Hong Kong 1997
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
The Strategic Sewage Disposal SchemeThe Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme
km
Lamma Island PSTreatment Plant
Chai Wan SP
PS
Aberdeen SPSandy Bay SP
Shau Kei Wan SPWanchai East SP
North Point SP
Treatment PlantCentral SP
Kwai Chung SP
Tsing Yi Island SP
Stonecutters treatment plant
To Kwa Wan SP
Kwun Tong SP + PS
Tseung Kwan O SP
Effluent Discharge
Tunnel
Pumping Station
Ap Lei Chau SP
SP Screening Plant
N
The Strategic Sewage Disposal Scheme ensures that all
sewage will be treated
before being
discharged into deep
ocean to the south of Lamma
Island in future.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans? Ban nuclear tests and dumping of waste
Nations should agree to stop the dumping of toxic waste into oceans.
Nations should agree to stop the dumping of toxic waste into oceans.
Industrial waste and sewage should be properly treated before being discharged into the sea.
Industrial waste and sewage should be properly treated before being discharged into the sea.
International co-operation is needed for the successful protection of the marine
environment.
United Nations offices in Vienna, Austria
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?Ban nuclear tests and dumping of wasteNuclear tests should be banned to stop nuclear
fallout from polluting our oceans.
++
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?Better management of ocean f
isheries
There is a need for all fishing nations to agree on fish catch quotas. Depleted species must be allowed the time and space to breed and grow again.
Minimum net mesh sizes should be set to allow smaller, younger fish to live and grow.
Humpback whaleHumpback whale
Salmon Salmon
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?
Whale meatWhale meatThe International The International
Whaling CommissionWhaling Commission
Internet Internet
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
The International Whaling Commission has established whale sanctuaries in the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic west to South Africa, the Southern Ocean near Antarctica and in the South Pacific.
The International Whaling Commission has established whale sanctuaries in the Indian Ocean, the Atlantic west to South Africa, the Southern Ocean near Antarctica and in the South Pacific.
Sanctuaries for endangered species
Since 1999 the Chinese Government has banned fishing by trawlers in the South China Sea in June and July each year.
The purpose of the ban is to allow fish to regenerate and to stop further depletion.
Since 1999 the Chinese Government has banned fishing by trawlers in the South China Sea in June and July each year.
The purpose of the ban is to allow fish to regenerate and to stop further depletion.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?Sanctuaries for endangered species
How can we save our oceans?How can we save our oceans?
Environmental awareness
As individuals we must develop a responsible attitude towards the marine environment.
The best way to do this is by joining local green groups.
InternetInternetInternetInternet
Internet Internet Internet Internet
InternetInternetInternetInternet
The Hong Kong Marine The Hong Kong Marine Conservation SocietyConservation Society
InternetInternetInternetInternet
Unit 6 Save the Oceans
Terms to Learn
Fish shoalsFish shoals ( 魚群魚群 ) -- large groups of fish swimming together.
SewageSewage ( 污水污水 ) -- liquid waste materials that flow in pipes to the sea or to a treatment plant.
PollutantsPollutants ( 污染物污染物 ) -- substances harmful to humans or the environment.
DDTDDT -- a toxic chemical. Its full name is Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane.
PCBs PCBs -- a toxic chemical. Its full name is Polychlorinated biphenyls.
Unit 6 Save the Oceans