Unit 5 Warm UpsMrs. Hilliard

VocabularyWrite word and definition to study

1. Commensalism- 2. Mutualism- 3. Predation-4. Competition- interaction between organisms or

species in which resources or space is limited and organisms that are most fit (better adapted or stronger) are able to fight off the weaker species or organism.

5. Parasitism6. Thigmotropism7. Geotropism/ Gravitropism8. Phototropism9. Biotic10. Abiotic11. Primary Succession- changes in the

environment in areas that are barren of life because they lack soil.

12. Secondary Succession- changes in the environment occurs in habitats that have been

partially or completely destroyed (areas that have soil).

13. Climax community- Final stage of succession, most stable, steady state (equilibrium), best adapted to environmental conditions.

14. Pioneer species- species which are the first to colonize an ecosystems (ex: lichen/moss).

15. Greenhouse effect16. Pesticide- substances meant for

destroying/killing any pest, typically sprayed on plants.

17. Herbicide- (weedkillers) are pesticides used to kill unwanted plants (round-up).

18. Renewable resource- organic natural resource that can replenish in time such as wind or solar energy, water, plants (trees), fish.

19. Nonrenewable resource- resources that form at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which they are consumed such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas).

VocabularyWrite word and definition to study

1. Commensalism- relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and one is unaffected.

2. Mutualism- a relationship between two species in which both species benefit.

3. Predation- an interaction between two organisms in which one organism, the predator, kills and feeds on the other organism, the prey.

4. Competition- interaction between organisms or species in which resources or space is limited and organisms that are most fit (better adapted or stronger) are able to fight off the weaker species or organism.

5. Parasitism- a relationship between two species in which one species, the parasite, benefits from the other species, the host, which is harmed.

6. Thigmotropism- a response of an organism or part of an organism to touch.

7. Geotropism/ Gravitropism- the growth of a plant in a particular direction in response to gravity.

8. Phototropism- a plant growth movement that occurs in response to the direction of a source of light.

9. Biotic- living factors in the environment.10. Abiotic- nonliving factors in the environment.11. Primary Succession- changes in the environment in areas

that are barren of life because they lack soil.

12. Secondary Succession- changes in the environment occurs in habitats that have been partially or completely destroyed (areas that have soil).

13. Climax community- Final stage of succession, most stable, steady state (equilibrium), best adapted to environmental conditions.

14. Pioneer species- species which are the first to colonize an ecosystems (ex: lichen/moss).

15. Greenhouse effect- the warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gasses in the air absorb and reradiate infrared radiation.

16. Pesticide- substances meant for destroying/killing any pest, typically sprayed on plants.

17. Herbicide- (weedkillers) are pesticides used to kill unwanted plants (round-up).

18. Renewable resource- organic natural resource that can replenish in time such as wind or solar energy, water, plants (trees), fish.

19. Nonrenewable resource- resources that form at a rate that is much slower than the rate at which they are consumed such as fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas).

Biomes and Adaptations1. What are the two most important factors

that determine where an ecosystem occurs?2. What is an adaptation that a plant in the

desert would have?3. What is an adaptation that a plant in the

tundra would have?4. An anatomical, physiological, or behavioral

change that improves an organisms ability to survive its environment is called what?

5. What is a large geographical area with similar climate and a distinctive community of organisms called?

6. Organisms that are adapted to cold, wet weather with little vegetation and cool summers would be found in which biome?

Biomes and Adaptations1. What are the two most important factors that

determine where an ecosystem occurs? Temperature and precipitation

2. What is an adaptation that a plant in the desert would have? Flowers open at night, deep root system, modified leaves (spines), succulents (store water)

3. What is an adaptation that a plant in the tundra would have? Less than 12” in height, grow in clumps, dark colored

4. An anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves an organisms ability to survive its environment is called what? Adaptation

5. What is a large geographical area with similar climate and a distinctive community of organisms called? Biome

6. Organisms that are adapted to cold, wet weather with little vegetation and cool summers would be found in which biome? Tundra/ taiga

Biomes7. How does biodiversity change

among the different biomes?8. In which biome would large

herbivores that are adapted to very warm temperatures year round, wet and dry seasons, and fires be found?

9. Where would you find a tropical rain forest?

Biomes7. How does biodiversity change among the

different biomes? Extreme environments with very cold or hot temperatures, or little rainfall have less biodiversity. Few organisms have adapted to harsh conditions.

8. In which biome would large herbivores that are adapted to very warm temperatures year round, wet and dry seasons, and fires be found? Savanna/ Grasslands

9. Where would you find a tropical rain forest? South America, Near equator, Hawaii

Relationships

10.Which type of relationship is where both organisms benefit?

11.Give an example of commensalism.12.List an example of mutualism.13.Give an example of Competition14.Describe Predation.15.What is Parasitism? Give an example.

Relationships

10. Which type of relationship is where both organisms benefit? Mutualism11. Give an example of commensalism. Egret birds that follow cattle and eat

insects that cattle stir up. Remora Sharks hitch a ride on whales and whatever the whale doesn’t eat or is left behind, the shark eats. Barnacles that attach to whales or shell of a mollusk which helps barnacle by having habitat where food available and whale not harmed.

12. List an example of mutualism. Fish that clean a shark and remove parasites

13. Give an example of Competition. Two organisms fighting over resources such as food and space or mating. Deer competing over food with each other or with rabbits.

14. Describe Predation. One organism kills another (one benefits, other dies) Such as a Human killing a fish or cattle for food.

15. What is Parasitism? Give an example. One organisms benefits and other is harmed. Tapeworms, pinworms infect the body and reproduce.

Tropism16.What is the reason plants that

exhibit thigmotropism wrap around larger trees or

vines?17.What is gravitropism?18.What is phototropism?

Thigmotropism16.What is the reason plants that exhibit

thigmotropism wrap around larger trees or vines?Allows the vines to reach sunlight and maximize photosynthesis

17.What is gravitropism? The growth of a plant in a particular direction in response to gravity.

18.What is phototropism? A plant growth movement that occurs in response to the direction of a source of light.

Succession/Biomes19. What determines the kinds of species that live in certain

areas? 20. In biomes where precipitation is low, how have most

organisms adapted? 21. During the great depression many farmers lost their farms and

the fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests. What does this represent?

22. What is shown in the photo below?

Succession/Biomes19. What determines the kinds of species that live in certain

areas? Climate20. In biomes where precipitation is low, how have most

organisms adapted? Conserve Water21. During the great depression many farmers lost their farms and

the fields were abandoned and then grew back into forests. What does this represent? Secondary Succession

22. What is shown in the photo below? Primary Succession

Adaptations23. From the food web below, what causes

changes in the rabbit population?24. What would cause a huge drop in the number

of deer in a population?25. The chart below shows predator/prey

relationships. What is the reason that the predator numbers are higher when prey numbers are lower?

26. If you sprayed a pesticide on a field to kill aphids but some of the aphids survived and passed on their traits to their offspring, the process that enables the aphids to survive their initial exposure is called what?

Adaptations23. From the food web below, what causes changes in the

rabbit population? Amount of grass available, number eagles

24. What would cause a huge drop in the number of deer in a population? Diseases, low food supply, overpopulation

25. The chart below shows predator/prey relationships. What is the reason that the predator numbers are higher when prey numbers are lower? Predator #s increase due to higher prey (food) #s

26. If you sprayed a pesticide on a field to kill aphids but some of the aphids survived and passed on their traits to their offspring, the process that enables the aphids to survive their initial exposure is called what?

Natural selection

Adaptations

27. Name an adaptation that trees have. 28. Name an adaptation that snakes have.29. From the food web, describe an example of commensalism,

predation, and competition.30. Which organism from the food web has the least amount

of energy? 31. Name a decomposer. 32. Animals that feed on plants are in at least what trophic

level? 33. Plants and other autotrophs would be found in which

trophic level? 34. What would the phytoplankton be considered in the

marine food web? 35. What are the cod considered from the marine food web?

Adaptations

27. Name an adaptation that trees have. Lose their leaves in the fall so they hold as much water as possible.

28. Name an adaptation that snakes have. Hibernate during winter to keep from dying or estivate during summer when it is too hot or dry.

29. From the food web, describe an example of commensalism, predation, and competition. Commensalism- squirrel and tree, predation- hawk and squirrel/rabbit/small bird, competition- squirrel and deer

30. Which organism from the food web has the least amount of energy? The Hawk, owl, or fox

31. Name a decomposer. Fungi, bacteria, worm32. Animals that feed on plants are in at least what trophic level? Second

trophic level33. Plants and other autotrophs would be found in which trophic level?

First trophic level34. What would the phytoplankton be considered in the marine food web?

Producer, autotroph35. What are the cod considered from the marine food web? Consumers,

Omnivore

Food Webs

36. At what trophic levels does the Leopard Seal eat at? 37. What type of consumer would the cod be? 38. Animals that feed on plant eaters would be at which trophic

level? 39. Where does the energy come from on Earth? 40. Where do organisms that are not autotrophs get their

energy? 41. What causes the greatest loss of biodiversity in an

ecosystem? 42. Why are all of the nutrient cycles important?

Nutrients and Human Impacts

43. What is the most stable community in succession? 44. Why is deforestation such an issue? 45. From the picture, Why does the existence of animals, and their

ability to make proteins, depend upon soil bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?

46. What is the types of organisms that would begin to grow if a volcano erupted and it started succession over?

47. What does the graph below show?

Populations43. Which is the BEST explanation for the change in the deer

population between years 16 and 18? 44. Give an example of a population. 45. As a population reaches its carrying capacity, resources become

more scarce. Which of the following would increase within the population?

46. How have vaccines contributed to human population growth? 47. The human population began to grow exponentially during the

middle of the 1700s due to what? 48. Based on the population growth chart, where is there

exponential growth? 49. Where on the chart are birth and death rates equal? Population Growth Over

Time