Unit 5: Polynomial Functionsmsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/... · Section 5.1 Exploring...

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Section 5.1 Exploring Graphs of Polynomial Functionssoln.notebook 1 February 02, 2017 Unit 5: Polynomial Functions Section 5.1: Characteristics and Graphs of Polynomials

Transcript of Unit 5: Polynomial Functionsmsbourgeois2016.weebly.com/uploads/5/5/9/1/... · Section 5.1 Exploring...

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Unit 5: Polynomial Functions

Section 5.1: Characteristics and Graphs of Polynomials

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Polynomial function ­ a function that contains only the operations of multiplication and additions/subtraction, with real number coefficients, whole number exponents and two variables x and f(x) or y. 

Examples of Polynomials Non­Examples of Polynomials

Vocabulary

n must be 0 or positive integer...no fractions, etc.

Degree ­ the value of the highest exponent a polynomial function. 

Leading Coefficient ­ the coefficient of the term with the greatest degree (exponent) on a polynomial function.

Constant term ­ the term in the polynomial function with no variable.

Degree: 3

Leading coefficient: ­7

Constant term: 4

Polynomial functions are named according to their degree and their degree determines the shape of the function. 

Polynomial functions of degrees 0, 1, 2, and 3 are called constant, linear, quadratic, and cubic functions, respectively. 

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You Try!

Determine whether each of the following is a polynomial function. If it is, state 

the leading coefficient, degree and constant term. 

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Domain ­ the set of all possible x­values which will make the function "work" and will output real y­values. Range ­ the complete set of all possible resulting y­values of the dependent variable. 

End Behaviour ­  is the description of the shape of the graph, from left to right, on the coordinate plane. It is the behavior of the y­values as x becomes large in the positive or negative direction (i.e. as x     ­∞, and x     ­∞).

Turning Point ­  any point where the graph of a function changes from increasing (y­values) to decreasing (y­values) or from decreasing to increasing. 

Terminology

a) This curve has two turning points.  b)  This curve does not have any! 

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Functions you have previously studied

1. Constant Function,  f(x) = b (Degree = 0)

Type of Polynomial Degree (n) Number of x­intercepts # of turning points

Domain Range End Behaviour

f(x)=3

f(x)=­2

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2. Linear Functions,  f(x) = ax + b  (Degree = 1)

Type of Polynomial Degree (n) Number of x­intercepts # of turning points

Domain Range End Behaviour

f(x)=­2x+1

f(x)=  1 x­32

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3. Quadratic Functions,  f(x) = ax2 + bx + c  (Degree = 2)

Type of Polynomial Degree (n) Number of x­intercepts # of turning points

Domain Range End Behaviour

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Let’s now explore Cubic Functions!Use graphing technology to sketch the graph of each cubic function and complete the table:

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Investigation Questions:

1. How are the sign of the leading coefficient and the end behavior related?

2. How are the degree of the function and the number of x­intercepts related?

3. How is the y­intercept related to the equation? 

4. How many turning points can a cubic function have?

5. In general, how are the number of turning points and the degree related?

6. What is the domain and range for cubic functions? 

7. Explain why quadratic functions have maximum or minimum values, but cubic polynomial functions have only turning points?

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4. Cubic Functions, f(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d  (Degree = 3)

Type of Polynomial Degree (n) Number of x­intercepts # of turning points

Domain Range End Behaviour

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Summary Points for Polynomials of Degree 3 or less:

­ The graph of a polynomial function is continuous

­ Degree determines the shape of graph

­ Degree  =  max # of x­intercepts

­ There is only one y­intercept for every polynomial and it is equal to the constant term

­ The maximum number of turning points is one less than the degree.  That is, a polynomial of degree n, will have a maximum of n – 1 turning points.

­ The end behavior of a line or curve is the behavior of the y­values as x becomes large in the positive or negative direction.  For linear and cubic functions the end behavior is opposite to the left and right, while it is the same for quadratic functions.

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