Unit 5 - Minerals and Rocksearthtoleigh.com/earth/documents/keynotes/minerals and...Sedimentary...
Transcript of Unit 5 - Minerals and Rocksearthtoleigh.com/earth/documents/keynotes/minerals and...Sedimentary...
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Sedimentary RocksHow do we classify sedimentary rocks?
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Sedimentary Rocks! Sedimentary Rocks - rock type that forms from an
accumulation of sediment derived from preexisting rocks and or organic material
! Lithification - how sedimentary rocks form! Methods to classify sedimentary rocks:
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Sedimentary Rocks
Texture! Texture - the size, form, and orientation of the clasts
or pieces in a rock! Texture is the main factor in sedimentary rock
identification
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Sedimentary Rocks
Texture! Clastic - rock that formed from the fragments or
pieces of other rocks and can be identified by size
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Sedimentary Rocks
Texture! Crystalline - rock that formed from mineral grains
that fall out of solution by evaporation
Rock Gypsum Rock Salt
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Sedimentary Rocks
Texture! Bioclastic - rock that formed from the remains of
plants and animals
Coal Limestone
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Sedimentary Rocks
ConglomerateRounded Fragments
BrecciaAngular Fragments
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Sedimentary Rocks
Formation! Formation - how the clasts of a sedimentary rock are
held together! Most sedimentary rocks form under large bodies
of water by the following:
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Sedimentary Rocks
Formation! Cementation - often clasts such as clays, sands, and
silts are glued together! Occurs as water between sediments dissolve and
the remaining material hold the clasts together
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Sedimentary Rocks
Cemented Fragments Cemented Fragments
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Sedimentary Rocks
Formation! Compaction - a reduction in volume of sedimentary
layers due to increasing weight of overlying sediment! Usually results in a decrease in pore space and
sediments becoming more tightly packed
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Compaction
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Sedimentary Rocks
Sandstone Sandstone (magnified)
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Sedimentary Rocks
Formation! Chemical Action - a rock formed when dissolved
minerals in water form a crystalline mass of ingrown mineral crystals after evaporating
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Sedimentary Rocks
Salt Flats, Utah Rock Salt
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Sedimentary Rocks
Characteristics! Characteristics - the properties and traits that may
help identify a sedimentary rock
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Sedimentary Rocks
Characteristics! Form at or near Earth’s surface
where weathering can break down rocks into pieces
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Sedimentary Rocks
Characteristics! Forms in horizontal layers
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Sedimentary Rocks
Characteristics! May contain fossils
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Earth Science Reference Tables
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Sedimentary Rocks