Unit 5, Lesson 5.8- Conserving Soil and Forests
Transcript of Unit 5, Lesson 5.8- Conserving Soil and Forests
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Conserving Soil and ForestsUNIT FIVE, LESSON 5.8BY MARGIELENE D. JUDAN
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LESSON OUTLINEConserving SoilConserving Forests
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EROSION – major cause of soil loss; the removal of soil by wind and water
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Soil Conservation Methods1. Cover crops2. Strip cropping3. Terracing4. Contour farming5. Windbreaks6. Dams7. Crop rotation8. Fertilizers
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1. Cover cropsCrops planted to cover a whole fieldHave fibrous roots to prevent erosionEx. Clover, alfalfa, oats, wheat, hay
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2. Strip cropsCover crops (ex. Alfalfa, hay, etc.) are planted between strips of row crops (ex. Corn)
Cover crops (alfalfa)Row crops (corn)
Cover crops (hay, oats)Row crops (corn)
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3. TerracingPrevents water from running directly down the hillUsed on the sides of hillsFlat areas are dug in the hillside
Terrace in Guanxi, China
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4. Contour farmingRows are plowed across (perpendicular to) the slopes, following the contour of the land Rows (contour) slopeUsed on uneven landscapesFlat areas are dug in the hillside
Perpendicular 90
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5. WindbreaksUsually consists of rows of tress (serves as a wall)Used to prevent wind erosionsPoplar tress usually used
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6. DamsMajor means of water conservationSupplies water for drinking, irrigation, laundry, etc.Can be used for generating electricity (hydroelectric)Often built in eroded areas to slow down running of water and prevent/reduce further erosion
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7. Crop rotationGrowing different crops in succeeding yearsSince plants have diff. mineral requirements, planting diff. crops prevents mineral reductionLegumes, such as clovers, are rotated along w/ other crops to restore nitrates to the soil. Four-year crop rotation system
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8. FertilizersUsed to replace essential soil materials removed by cropsTwo kinds: natural and artificial
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Conserving ForestsForests are a renewable natural resource. However, replacement of soil is slow and poor cutting causes permanent damage.
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Uses of ForestsTrees aids in production of paper, charcoal, turpentine, and rayonForest soils hold large quantities of waterRoots prevent soil erosion
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Forest Conservation Methods1. Sustained-yield tree farming2. Reforestation program
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1. Sustained-yield tree farmingInvolves cutting down trees only in certain areas of a forest, leaving surrounding areas untouchedThree types: block cutting, strip cutting, selective harvesting
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Block cuttingSquare areas of forests are cutReseeding takes place naturally by the surrounding trees
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Strip cuttingStrip of trees are cut between strips of untouched treesUsually done on the side of a mountainReseeding takes place naturally by the surrounding trees
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Selective harvestingCertain trees are marked and cut, leaving others undisturbedReseeding takes place naturally by the surrounding trees
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2. Reforestation programsCut areas are planted with seeds or seedlings, of a particular typeThese are generally fast-growing, disease-resistant varieties of trees that replace undesirable trees
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Assignment:Answer Unit Test, p. 182-183, Check Your Knowledge
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Sources:Science Links 7