Unit 5: Heredity and Genetics
description
Transcript of Unit 5: Heredity and Genetics
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Unit 5: Heredity and Genetics
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+Essential Questions How do cells grow and divide? How is genetic material passed from parent to offspring? What are the patterns of inheritance and how can this be
used to predict traits in offspring? What are the different variations in traits? How are these
variations inherited? What happens when something goes wrong with regards
to genetic traits? How can the rate of genetic traits inherited be calculated? What is DNA and what role does it have in our body? What are some current trends in DNA research?
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+Day 1: Cell Division
Required Readings: 3.19
Learning Objectives: To understand why it is necessary to copy genetic material
accurately To know that copying division is called mitosis, and results in
cells with an identical number and type of chromosomes as their parent cells
To know how chromosomes behave during mitosis To know where mitosis takes place in the bodies of mammals
and flowering plants To understand the need for a special cell division in the
formation of haploid gametes
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+Starter
Create a KWL table for genetics and heredity Know Want to know Learned
Fill in the “K” and “W” columns You will fill in the “L” column at the end of each lesson,
and can write any more questions that you may have from the current lesson
Time: 15 minutes
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+Activity 1
Watch the video on mitosis Write down questions you have while you are watching
it Time: 25 minutes
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+Activity 2
Create a model using the pipe cleaners and yarn to show what happens in the cell cycle
Include the image as well as a written description for the following phases: Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis
Time: 40 minutes
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+ Interphase
- Cell growth- Synthesis of DNA- Replication of organelles- Prepares for mitosis- Cell spends most of its time in
interphase
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+ Prophase
- Chromosomes condense into 2 identical chromatids, joined at the centromere
- Nuclear envelope begins to break down
- Spindles form at the centrioles- Centrioles move to opposite ends of
the cell
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+ Metaphase
- Spindles attach to the centromere of the chromosomes
- Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell
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+ Anaphase
- Individual chromosomes are pulled apart and taken to opposite ends of the cell
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+ Telophase
- Nuclear envelope begins to form around chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell
- Cell elongates and prepares for cytokinesis
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+ Cytokinesis
- Cell pinches off in the middle to form 2 new identical daughter cells
- Literally means “splitting cytoplasm”
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+Closing Activity and Homework
Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any other questions you may have in the “W” column
Next lesson we will look at meiosis and comparing mitosis with meiosis. Be sure to read over section 3.19 again
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+Day 2: Cell Division (60 minutes) Required Readings:
3.19
Learning Objectives: To understand why it is necessary to copy genetic material
accurately To know that copying division is called mitosis, and results in
cells with an identical number and type of chromosomes as their parent cells
To know how chromosomes behave during mitosis To know where mitosis takes place in the bodies of mammals
and flowering plants To understand the need for a special cell division in the
formation of haploid gametes
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+Starter
What are the stages in mitosis and what happens in each stage?
When/why does mitosis occur? What is the purpose of meiosis? What are the products of meiosis? Where do mitosis and meiosis occur? Time: 15 minutes
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+Activity 1
Create a diagram depicting what happens during meiosis
Include a written explanation of what is happening Time: 30 minutes
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+Activity 2
Look at the picture on the following slide that compares mitosis and meiosis
What are some similarities between the two processes? What are some differences? Time: 10 minutes
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+Closing and Homework
Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any other questions you may have in the “W” column
Complete your meiosis diagram if not completed
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+Day 3: Mendel
Required reading: Supplemental text from wiki
Learning Objectives: To learn about Mendel’s experiments with garden pea
plants To understand the Law of Independent Assortment and the
Law of Segregation To predict the probability of genetic crosses using Punnett
squares
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+Starter
Take a look at the data that was collected from Mendel’s experiments.
What can you conclude with regards to the following: The ratio of traits in the offspring What trait is dominant? Recessive? How do you know? What different traits were studied?
Time: 15 minutes
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+Activity 1 Create a vocabulary square for each of the following words
Allele Dominant Recessive Law of Independent Assortment Law of Segregation Trait Inherited Heterozygous Homozygous Phenotype Genotype
4 squares: Word Definition (in your own words) Picture Sentence using the word
Time: 30 minutes
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+Activity 2
Punnett squares are used to predict the probability of genetic traits in offspring
The genotype is the genetic make up of the trait, and the phenotype is the physical characteristic the trait produces
Example – Flower colourGenotype Phenotype Hetero/homozygous
PP Purple flower HomozygousPp Purple flower HeterozygousPp White flower Homozygous
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+Activity 2 (cont’d)
Construct a Punnett square to show the possible outcomes for the following crosses: PP x pp Pp x pp Pp x Pp
What are the genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring?
What are the phenotypic ratios for the offspring? Time: 15 minutes
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+Activity 3
Complete the “Albinism” and “Coin Toss” activities in the Genetics packet
Time: 20 minutes
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+Closing and Homework
Complete the “L” column of your KWL table, as well as any other questions you may have in the “W” column
Mendel’s data
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+Day 4: Patterns of Inheritance
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+Day 5: Variation and Inheritance
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+Day 6: Inheritance and Karyotyping (60 minutes)
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+Day 7: Human Genetic Traits
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+Day 8: Inherited Medical Conditions
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+Day 9: X & Y Chromosomes
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+Day 10: DNA
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+Day 11: DNA (60 minutes)
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+Day 12: Test