Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Chapters 5 & 6.

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives

Chapters 5 & 6


• Unit 5 Objectives:– Understand basic feed regulations– Knowledge of feed tags and what must be

and can be included on them– Identify various types of feed additives and

their purposes– How implants are used and their roles


• General Feed Industry information:– 300m tons manufactured each yr. in the U.S.

• Various forms• Either in the feed mill, or on farms

– ~10,000 feed mills in the U.S.– ~30,000 feed outlets

• ~20,000 sell feed– Bag

– Bulk

– Feed products

• Must register w/ the FDA if they mix feed w/ drugs


• Types of Commercial Feeds & their Ingredients– Dry Commercial Feeds

• Prepared for a particular class of livestock• Supplements blended

– Vegetable proteins– Animal proteins– Urea (ruminants only)

• Specialty products may be included– Antibiotics– Growth stimulants– Flavoring agents– Etc.


• Physical Forms– Meal– Cake– Pellets– Crumbles– Wafers– Blocks– Etc.

– Liquid Protein Supplements• Generally contain some amount of molasses as

the main liquid portion• Can be blended or feed separate


• Feed Labeling– Required for all commercial feed products

• Primary communication between manufacturer and purchaser

• Critical information:– Identify product– Nature of the product & intended use– Usage instructions– Cautionary information


– Feed Labels (medicated & nonmedicated)• Net wt.• Company name, trade name• Product name• Purpose of medication• Warning statement

– Withdrawal periods– Other warnings

• Active Ingredients


• Guaranteed Analysis– Minimum CP

» % from NPN– Minimum Crude Fat– Maximum Crude Fiber– Minerals (only main ones)– Vitamins (optional)

• Company Name & Address• Detailed Use instructions

– Purpose– When to feed– How to feed or mix– Precautions


• General Feed Additive information– Doesn’t include any min/vit supplements– Must be approved for use by FDA– Withdrawal times may be necessary– Instructions must be followed carefully– >1000 products are approved for use– What are some of their roles?


– What are some of the risks when using these products?

– Who is responsible for residues?

• Growth Promotion and Feed Efficiency– Antibiotics

• Can be bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal• Generally fed to reduce, prevent bacterial

infections• Usually found to improve rate of gain and feed

efficiency


• Examples– Cholortetratcycline– Oxytetracycline– Monensin– Lasalocid

» What are the trade names of these products?

– Chemotherapeutics• Organic or inorganic compound that inhibits

organism growth• Improves feed efficiency and rate of gain• Examples:

– Arsanilic Acid– Carbadox


• Medicinal Uses– Coccidiostats

• Fed for the prevention of coccidiosis• What is coccidiosis• Examples

– Decoquinate– Lasalocid– Monensin


– Enteritis, Diarrhea, Dysentery• Chlorotetracycline• Carbadox• Tylosin

– Anthelmintics• Prevention/treatments of gastrointestinal parasites• Examples:

– Safe-Guard– Ivomec– Rumatel


– Miscellaneous Functions• Control of Liver Abscesses in feedlot cattle

– Chlorotet.– Oxytet.– Tylosin

• Fly control in manure– Rabon

• Bloat control– Oxytet.– Poloxalene

• Ketosis– Propylene Glycol


• Foot Rot & General Stress– Chlorotet.– Oxytet.

• Other Feed Additives– Buffers & Neutralizers

• Compounds that minimize pH decreases– Sodium bicarbonate– Calcium carbonate– Mag oxide


– Antioxidants• Prevent rancidity of fats

– Vit E

– Chemical preservatives• Retain nutritive factors• Prevent product deterioration• Most are acids, salts, etc.

– What are some ex.?

– Pellet-Binding agents• Bentonite• Clays• molasses


– Probiotics• Consist of microbial cultures

– Can stimulate cultural growth

• Reasons for use– Increase/balance beneficial bacteria

– Reduce toxic byproducts of digestion

– Support rate of gain and feed efficiency

– Alleviate/minimize stress

• Various times for use– When do you use them?

• Available forms– Feed additives

– Water dispensing

– Bolus/gel form


• Hormone products– Activate or inhibit hormone functions– Produce same responses as natural

hormones– Feed Additives

• Melengestrol Acetate (MGA)– Closely related to progesterone– Fed to finishing heifers to prevent estrus– Stimulates growth, improves feed efficiency


– Implants for Growth Stimulation• Designed for slow release• Growth promotion, feed efficiency• Products

– Ralgro» Use in calves, growing cattle, feedlots animals» 70-110d response» Cattle should be reimplanted every 65-100d for

maximum – Magnum

» Double dose of Ralgro» Best in initial 70-90d on feed


– Synovex or Implus» Different forms for different cattle» Stimulates muscle deposition» Increases growth hormone secretion

– Revalor» Claims to improve gain 15-20%» Improves feed efficiency 15%» Duration of response 100d» May reduce marbling


– Implant for Milk Stimulation• bST

– Produced naturally in the cow– Major regulator of milk production– Must be administered via injection

» 14d intervals» 2-3d response» 8-10 lb increase in production» No change in milk composition» Will increase DMI

– Disadvantages» Slight decrease in pregnancy rate» Slight increase in twinning rate


• Unit 5 Assignment:– Identify 4 feed additives each for beef, dairy,

and swine, and 1 each for horses and sheep• Trade name• Drug• Control claims

– Bring 1 article pertaining to feed additive use is feed rations

• Write ½ page response, summary

Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Chapters 5 & 6.

Documents

Transcript of Unit 5: Feed Regulations and Additives Chapters 5 & 6.