Unit 4: Text A 21st Century College English: Book 2 Turning Failure into Success.

Unit 4: Text AUnit 4: Text A

21st Century College English: Book 221st Century College English: Book 2

Turning Failure Turning Failure into Successinto SuccessTurning Failure Turning Failure into Successinto Success

Unit Four: Text AUnit Four: Text A

• Lead-in Activities

• Text Organization

• Reading and Writing Skills

• Language Points

• Guided PracticeGuided Practice

• AssignmentAssignment

Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities

1.1. What is success? And what is failure? How do What is success? And what is failure? How do

you define them?you define them?

2.2. What do you think of the saying “Failure is the What do you think of the saying “Failure is the

mother of success”?mother of success”?

Questions for DiscussionQuestions for Discussion

Beginning --- introduce an extreme example of a Beginning --- introduce an extreme example of a common phenomenon of failurecommon phenomenon of failure

Development ---it is wrong to assume that any Development ---it is wrong to assume that any failure is bad and any success is good.failure is bad and any success is good.

Further development --- the reason why so Further development --- the reason why so many people are so afraid of failure many people are so afraid of failure

Solution --- how to learn to use failure so that it Solution --- how to learn to use failure so that it makes a positive contribution to our live.makes a positive contribution to our live.

Summary and a final touch --- Noble failure is a Summary and a final touch --- Noble failure is a special heroismspecial heroism

para. 1para. 1para. 1para. 1

para. 2-7para. 2-7para. 2-7para. 2-7



para. 13para. 13para. 13para. 13

Text OrganizationText Organization

Reading & Writing SkillsReading & Writing Skills

1. Effective Way of Argumentation1. Effective Way of Argumentation

First to present a view point. Then argue against it byFirst to present a view point. Then argue against it by

presenting another point of view with supportingpresenting another point of view with supporting

ideas ( Examples :para 2 and 3 )ideas ( Examples :para 2 and 3 )

2. Reading between the lines2. Reading between the lines

Reading between the lines means drawing inferencesReading between the lines means drawing inferences

about the author’s ideas from what is written andabout the author’s ideas from what is written and

from what is not written.from what is not written.

Turning Failure into SuccessTurning Failure into Success

Fredelle MaynardFredelle Maynard

11 Vicky — beautiful, talented, very bright, Vicky — beautiful, talented, very bright, voted ““Most Likely to SMost Likely to S

ucceeducceed” ” in college — got a promising job with a large company aftin college — got a promising job with a large company aft

er graduation. Then, after two years without promotions, she was fier graduation. Then, after two years without promotions, she was fi

red. She suffered a complete nervous breakdown. red. She suffered a complete nervous breakdown. ““It was It was panic,,” ” shsh

e told me later. e told me later. ““Everything had always gone so well for me that I hEverything had always gone so well for me that I h

ad no experience in coping with ad no experience in coping with rejection. I felt I was . I felt I was a failure..” ”

Vicky’s reaction is an extreme example of a common phenomenon..

Intensive StudyIntensive Study

22 Our society places so much emphasis on Our society places so much emphasis on ““making itmaking it” ” that we that we

assume that any failure is bad. assume that any failure is bad.

What we don’t always recognize is that what looks like failure may, in the long run, prove beneficial. When Vicky was able to think coolly about why she was fired, for example, she realized that she was simply not suited for a job dealing with people all the time. In her new position as a copy editor, she works independently, is happy and once again ““successful.successful.””



33

People are generally prone to what language expert S. I. Hayakawa calls “the two-valued orientation”

. We talk about seeing both sides of a question as if every question had only two sides. We assume that everyone is either a success or a failure when, in fact, infinite degrees of both are possible. As Hayakawa points out, there’s a world of difference between “I have failed three times” and “I am a failure.” Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably applied to a complex, living, changing human being. They can only describe the situation at a particular time and place.

44 Obviously no one can be brilliant at everything. In fact, success Obviously no one can be brilliant at everything. In fact, success

in one area often in one area often precludes success in another. A famous politician once told me that his career had practically destroyed his marriage. ““I I

have no time for my family,have no time for my family,” ” he explained. he explained. ““I travel a lot. And even I travel a lot. And even

when I’m home, I hardly see my wife and kids. I’ve got power, when I’m home, I hardly see my wife and kids. I’ve got power,

money, prestige — but as a husband and father, I’m a flop.money, prestige — but as a husband and father, I’m a flop.””


55 Certain kinds of success can indeed be destructive. The danger Certain kinds of success can indeed be destructive. The danger

of too early success is particularly acute. of too early success is particularly acute.

I recall from my childhood a girl whose skill on ice skates marked her as “Olympic material”. While the rest of us were playing, bicycling, While the rest of us were playing, bicycling,

reading and just loafing, this girl skated — every day after school reading and just loafing, this girl skated — every day after school

and all weekend. Her picture often appeared in the papers, and the and all weekend. Her picture often appeared in the papers, and the

rest of us envied her glamorous life. Years later, however, she rest of us envied her glamorous life. Years later, however, she

spoke bitterly of those early triumphs. spoke bitterly of those early triumphs. ““I never prepared myself for I never prepared myself for

anything but the ice,anything but the ice,” ” she said. she said. ““I peaked at 17 — and it’s been I peaked at 17 — and it’s been

downhill ever since.downhill ever since.””


66 Success that comes too easily is also damaging. The child who Success that comes too easily is also damaging. The child who

wins a prize for a carelessly-written essay, the adult who wins a prize for a carelessly-written essay, the adult who

distinguishes himself at a first job by lucky accident faces probable disappointment when real challenges arise.

77 Success is also bad when it’s achieved Success is also bad when it’s achieved at the cost of the total quality of an experience. Successful students sometimes become so obsessed with grades that they never enjoy their school years. They never branch out into tempting new areas, because they don’t want to risk their grade-point average.


88 Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Simply because Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Simply because

no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes a growing no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes a growing

experience. We forget that experience. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that ““every person has the right to fail.every person has the right to fail.””

99 Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or

shielding their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child’s hastily made table as ““perfect!perfect!” ” even though it’s clumsy and unsteady. Another even though it’s clumsy and unsteady. Another

way is to shift blame. If John fails math, his teacher is unfair or way is to shift blame. If John fails math, his teacher is unfair or

stupidstupid..


1010 The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a The trouble with failure-prevention devices is that they leave a

child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn

that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time

— and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win. — and that it’s possible to enjoy a game even when you don’t win.

A child who’s not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t A child who’s not invited to a birthday party, who doesn’t

make the honor roll or the baseball team feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, ““It doesn’t It doesn’t

matter,matter,” ” because it does. The youngster should be allowed to because it does. The youngster should be allowed to

experience disappointment — and then be helped to master it.experience disappointment — and then be helped to master it.


1111 Failure is never pleasant. It hurts adults and children alike. But Failure is never pleasant. It hurts adults and children alike. But

it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to

use it. Step one is to ask, use it. Step one is to ask, ““Why did I fail?Why did I fail?” ” Resist the natural Resist the natural

impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong,

how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about how you can improve. If someone else can help, don’t be shy about

inquiring.inquiring.

1212 When I was a teenager and failed to get a job IWhen I was a teenager and failed to get a job I’’d counted on, I d counted on, I

telephoned the interviewer to ask why. telephoned the interviewer to ask why. ““Because you came ten Because you came ten

minutes late,minutes late,” ” I was told. I was told. ““We can’t afford employees who waste We can’t afford employees who waste

other people’s time.other people’s time.” ” The explanation was reassuring (I hadn’t The explanation was reassuring (I hadn’t

been rejected as a person) and helpful, too. I don’t think I’ve been been rejected as a person) and helpful, too. I don’t think I’ve been

late for anything since.late for anything since.


1313

Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure

. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems total can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction.


1414 A friend of mine, after 12 years of studying ballet, did not A friend of mine, after 12 years of studying ballet, did not

succeed in becoming a dancer. She was succeed in becoming a dancer. She was turned down by the ballet master, who said, “You will never be a dancer. You haven’t the body for it.” In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking, “What have I left? What else can I do?” My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she’s both competent and useful.


1515 Though we may envy the assurance that comes with success, Though we may envy the assurance that comes with success,

most of us are attracted by courage in defeat. There is what might most of us are attracted by courage in defeat. There is what might

be called the noble failure — the special heroism of aiming high, be called the noble failure — the special heroism of aiming high,

doing your best and then, when that proves not enough, moving doing your best and then, when that proves not enough, moving

bravely on. As Ralph Waldo Emerson said: bravely on. As Ralph Waldo Emerson said: ““A man’s success is A man’s success is

made up of failures, because he experiments and ventures every made up of failures, because he experiments and ventures every

day, and the more falls he gets, moves faster on ... I have heard day, and the more falls he gets, moves faster on ... I have heard

that in horsemanship — a man will never be a good rider until he is that in horsemanship — a man will never be a good rider until he is

thrown; then he will not be haunted any longer by the terror that he thrown; then he will not be haunted any longer by the terror that he

shall tumble, and will ride whither he is bound.shall tumble, and will ride whither he is bound.””


votevote v.v.—— (esp. passive) declare sb./sth. to be good, bad, (esp. passive) declare sb./sth. to be good, bad, etc. by etc. by

general consent.general consent.

e.g.e.g.• The show was The show was voted voted a great success. a great success. • The children all The children all votedvoted the trip the best they had ever the trip the best they had ever had.had.

TranslateTranslate他被公认为是全家最聪明的一个。他被公认为是全家最聪明的一个。

KeyKey

He isHe is voted voted the smartest in the family.the smartest in the family.

panicpanic nn. .

—— a feeling or state of sudden uncontrollable and a feeling or state of sudden uncontrollable and quickly spreading fearquickly spreading fear

e.g.e.g.• He got into a He got into a panic panic about examinations.about examinations.• The thought of flying alone filled me withThe thought of flying alone filled me with panic panic..

TranslateTranslateWhen a fire started in the theater, there was a panic.When a fire started in the theater, there was a panic.

KeyKey剧院失火时，引起一阵剧院失火时，引起一阵恐慌。恐慌。

rejectionrejection nn..—— the act of refusing to grant or the state of being the act of refusing to grant or the state of being denied of (a request, demand, etc.)denied of (a request, demand, etc.)

e.ge.g• I’ve applied for ten jobs, but all I’ve got is I’ve applied for ten jobs, but all I’ve got is rejectionsrejections..• He did not ask her to marry him out of fear of He did not ask her to marry him out of fear of rejectionrejection..DrillDrill

Make a sentence with “Make a sentence with “rejectionrejection”.”.

a failurea failure

—— a person, an attempt or a thing that failsa person, an attempt or a thing that fails

e.g.e.g.• The project was a complete The project was a complete failurefailure..• I’m a bit of I’m a bit of a failurea failure at painting. at painting.

Fill in the blankFill in the blankHe is _____ He is _____ （（不是个成功的艺术家）不是个成功的艺术家） ,, but a success as but a success as

an art teacher.an art teacher.a failurea failure as an artist as an artist

Vicky’s reaction is an extreme example of a Vicky’s reaction is an extreme example of a common phenomenon.common phenomenon.

ParaphraseParaphrase

?? — — Such feelings people have (when rejected) are very Such feelings people have (when rejected) are very

common, but in Vicky’s case they are especially common, but in Vicky’s case they are especially serious and unusual.serious and unusual.

What we don’t always recognize is that what looks What we don’t always recognize is that what looks like failure may, like failure may, in the long runin the long run, prove beneficial., prove beneficial.

in the long runin the long run

—— eventually; in the endeventually; in the end

e.g.e.g.• It pays to buy goods of high quality It pays to buy goods of high quality in the long runin the long run..• Studying may be difficult just now, but you will benefit Studying may be difficult just now, but you will benefit

in the long runin the long run..

TranslateTranslatePhysical exercises will be for your health Physical exercises will be for your health in the long runin the long run..

KeyKey体育锻炼体育锻炼终究终究是对你的健康有益的。是对你的健康有益的。

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn

What we What we don’t alwaysdon’t always recognize is that what looks recognize is that what looks like failure may, in the long run, prove beneficial.like failure may, in the long run, prove beneficial.

In the statement, the scope of negation extends from the In the statement, the scope of negation extends from the

negative word “not” itself only to the adverbial negative word “not” itself only to the adverbial

“always” rather than to the verb “recognize”, i.e. only “always” rather than to the verb “recognize”, i.e. only

the adverbial is within the stretch of language over the adverbial is within the stretch of language over

which the negative meaning operates.which the negative meaning operates.


What we don’t always recognize is that what looks What we don’t always recognize is that what looks like failure may, in the long run, prove beneficial.like failure may, in the long run, prove beneficial.

e.g.e.g.

• He is He is not alwaysnot always at home in the evening. at home in the evening.

(=He’s often at home in the evening, but not (=He’s often at home in the evening, but not always.)always.)

• Things do Things do not alwaysnot always go right. go right.

(=Things normally go right, but not always.)(=Things normally go right, but not always.)

deal with sth.deal with sth.—— handle or attend to sth. (usu. sth. that needs attention handle or attend to sth. (usu. sth. that needs attention

or concern)or concern)

e.g.e.g.• Haven’t you Haven’t you dealt withdealt with that letter yet? that letter yet?• The Finance Officer The Finance Officer deals withdeals with all the finances of the all the finances of the university.university.

Cf.Cf.cope with sth.cope with sth. —— deal with sth. successfully (usu. sth. difficult or deal with sth. successfully (usu. sth. difficult or unpleasant that one must accept or endure)unpleasant that one must accept or endure)e.g.e.g.• I had no experience inI had no experience in coping withcoping with rejection (Line 6, rejection (Line 6, Para 1).Para 1).• Poor families have to Poor families have to cope withcope with a lot of problems. a lot of problems.


?? — — People generally tend to look at things as having only People generally tend to look at things as having only

two values, or two sides: anything that is not good two values, or two sides: anything that is not good must be bad, and that is not true must be false — this must be bad, and that is not true must be false — this two valued logic is called “the two-valued two valued logic is called “the two-valued orientation” by Hayakawaorientation” by Hayakawa..

PeoplePeople are generally prone to what language expert are generally prone to what language expert S. I. Hayakawa calls “the two-valued orientation”.S. I. Hayakawa calls “the two-valued orientation”.


e.g.e.g.• He He is prone tois prone to lose temper when others disagree with him. lose temper when others disagree with him.• Kids Kids areare all all prone toprone to eat junk food. eat junk food.

TranslateTranslate

我妹妹易患感冒。我妹妹易患感冒。KeyKey

My sister My sister is prone tois prone to flu. flu.

be prone tobe prone to—— be likely to (sth. or do or suffer from sth., esp. sth. be likely to (sth. or do or suffer from sth., esp. sth.

bad or harmful)bad or harmful)


PeoplePeople areare generally generally prone toprone to what language expert what language expert S. I. Hayakawa calls “the two-valued orientation”.S. I. Hayakawa calls “the two-valued orientation”.

Text-related informationText-related information

S. I . Hayakawa (1906 ~ 1992)S. I . Hayakawa (1906 ~ 1992)

Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa was a scholar, Samuel Ichiye Hayakawa was a scholar, university president, and U.S. senator university president, and U.S. senator from California (1977 — 1983). He is from California (1977 — 1983). He is best known for his popular writings obest known for his popular writings o

n n semantics (the study of the meanings semantics (the study of the meanings of of words and sentences) and for his carewords and sentences) and for his career as president of San Francisco State College (now Saer as president of San Francisco State College (now San Francisco State University). His book, n Francisco State University). His book, Language in ALanguage in Action ction (1941), was a popular treatment of semantic theor(1941), was a popular treatment of semantic theories.ies.

We talk about seeing both sides of a question We talk about seeing both sides of a question as ifas if every every question had only two sides.question had only two sides.

““As ifAs if” can introduce either ” can introduce either a likely or an unlikely a likely or an unlikely guessguess. . When “When “as ifas if” is used to introduce something ” is used to introduce something that is unreal or unlikely to happen, we normally use that is unreal or unlikely to happen, we normally use the subjunctive mood. This structure is often used to the subjunctive mood. This structure is often used to make comparative description.make comparative description.


e.g.e.g.

• It looks It looks as ifas if a bad storm is coming. a bad storm is coming.

(= A bad storm seems likely.)(= A bad storm seems likely.)

• The horses are acting The horses are acting as ifas if a bad storm were coming. a bad storm were coming.

(= A bad storm seems unlikely, but the horses’ (= A bad storm seems unlikely, but the horses’ behavior reminds me of their behavior before a behavior reminds me of their behavior before a storm.)storm.)


More to doMore to doMore to doMore to do

DrillDrill

Complete each of the following sentences in two Complete each of the following sentences in two ways: a) with a likely guess or prediction, and b) with ways: a) with a likely guess or prediction, and b) with an unlikely or untrue comparative description.an unlikely or untrue comparative description.

1.1. Their laughter and conversation sound as if Their laughter and conversation sound as if a)a) enjoying each others’ companyenjoying each others’ companyb)b) in the same room with usin the same room with us

2.2. You’re so pale! You look as ifYou’re so pale! You look as ifa)a) getting sickgetting sickb)b) seen a ghostseen a ghost


they’re enjoying each other’s companythey’re enjoying each other’s company

they were in the same room with usthey were in the same room with us

you’re getting sickyou’re getting sick

you had seen a ghostyou had seen a ghost

a world ofa world of

— — a large amount of; lots ofa large amount of; lots of

e.g.e.g.

• There’s There’s a world ofa world of difference in the performance of difference in the performance of the two cars.the two cars.

• That experience gave him That experience gave him a world ofa world of good. good.

Fill in the blankFill in the blank

There’s truly _____ (There’s truly _____ ( 天壤之别天壤之别 ) between the old Chinese ) between the old Chinese society and the new.society and the new.

a world ofa world of difference difference

Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably applied to a complex, living, changing reasonably applied to a complex, living, changing human being.human being.


?? — — It is certainly unfair just to call someone a failure or a It is certainly unfair just to call someone a failure or a success, for a human being is a complex, living thing success, for a human being is a complex, living thing that keeps changing.that keeps changing.


.

apply toapply to

— — use (a particular word or name) to describe (sth. or use (a particular word or name) to describe (sth. or sb.)sb.)

DrillDrill

Make a sentence with Make a sentence with ““apply toapply to”.”.

e.g.e.g.• I’d never I’d never applyapply the word “readable” the word “readable” toto any of his books. any of his books.• The term “mat” can be The term “mat” can be applied toapplied to any small rug. any small rug.

Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be Indeed, the words failure and success cannot be reasonably reasonably applied toapplied to a complex, living, changing a complex, living, changing human being.human being.

e.ge.g

• These conditions These conditions prelude prelude us from joining in this event.us from joining in this event.

• Age alone will not Age alone will not preludeprelude him from standing as a him from standing as a candidate.candidate.

KeyKey这项合同并未这项合同并未排除我排除我为你工作的同时受雇于其他人。为你工作的同时受雇于其他人。

TranslateTranslateThis contract does not prelude my being employed This contract does not prelude my being employed by others at the same time I am by others at the same time I am working for you.working for you.

preludeprelude vtvt..

—— make sth. impossiblemake sth. impossible

I recall from my childhood a girl whose skill on ice I recall from my childhood a girl whose skill on ice skate skate marked her as “Olympic material”marked her as “Olympic material”..


??— — distinguished her as a potential Olympic athletedistinguished her as a potential Olympic athlete


e.ge.g

• These qualitiesThese qualities markmark the film the film asas exceptionally good. exceptionally good.• Hard work has Hard work has markedmarked Asian Americans Asian Americans asas a model a model

minority.minority.

DrillDrill

Make a sentence with “Make a sentence with “mark asmark as”.”.

mark…asmark…as

— — be a distinguishing feature of … asbe a distinguishing feature of … as

I recall from my childhood a girl whose skill on ice I recall from my childhood a girl whose skill on ice skate skate markedmarked her her asas “Olympic material”. “Olympic material”.

distinguish oneselfdistinguish oneself

—— deserve to be noticed by doing sth very welldeserve to be noticed by doing sth very well

e.g.e.g.

• He He distinguished himselfdistinguished himself in the debate. in the debate.

• McEnroe first McEnroe first distinguished himselfdistinguished himself by winning a by winning a junior tournament at Wimbledon.junior tournament at Wimbledon.

Fill in the blankFill in the blank

The young officer _____ (The young officer _____ ( 屡建战功屡建战功 ).).

distinguished himselfdistinguished himself

many times in battlemany times in battle

e.ge.g

• He saved the children from the fire He saved the children from the fire at the cost ofat the cost of his his own life.own life.• The poor fox escaped from the trap The poor fox escaped from the trap at the cost ofat the cost of a leg. a leg.

at the cost of at the cost of

— — involving the loss ofinvolving the loss of

Paraphrase the underlined partParaphrase the underlined part

The businessman enjoyed a successful career The businessman enjoyed a successful career but his but his relationship with his wife sufferedrelationship with his wife suffered..

KeyKey

at the cost ofat the cost of his relationship with his wife his relationship with his wife

They never branch out into tempting new areas, They never branch out into tempting new areas, because they don’t want to risk their grade-point because they don’t want to risk their grade-point average.average.


??—— They always stick to what they are learning and never They always stick to what they are learning and never try anything new and interesting because they don’t try anything new and interesting because they don’t want to do anything that may result in a lower GPA.want to do anything that may result in a lower GPA.


e.ge.g• The bookstore has decided to The bookstore has decided to branch outbranch out into selling into selling records and tapes.records and tapes.• She’s leaving the company to She’s leaving the company to branch outbranch out on her own. on her own.

branch outbranch out—— extend or expand one’s activities or interests into extend or expand one’s activities or interests into another direction; begin doing other things another direction; begin doing other things alsoalso

They never They never branch outbranch out into tempting new areas, into tempting new areas, because they don’t want to risk their grade-point because they don’t want to risk their grade-point average.average.

More to doMore to doMore to doMore to do

TranslateTranslateFirst Jim collected stamps; then he First Jim collected stamps; then he branched outbranched out

and collected coins, too.and collected coins, too.

KeyKey

吉姆起初收集邮票，随后又把收集范围扩大到了硬币。吉姆起初收集邮票，随后又把收集范围扩大到了硬币。

They never They never branch outbranch out into tempting new areas, into tempting new areas, because they don’t want to risk their grade-point because they don’t want to risk their grade-point average.average.

failure is part of the human conditionfailure is part of the human condition

—— failure is one of the things that human existence failure is one of the things that human existence depends ondepends on

shielding their children from the knowledge that shielding their children from the knowledge that they have failedthey have failed

—— protecting their children from knowing that they protecting their children from knowing that they have failedhave failed

make the honor roll or the baseball teammake the honor roll or the baseball team

— — earn a place in the honor roll or become a member of earn a place in the honor roll or become a member of the baseball teamthe baseball team

Success, …, is not nearly as good a teacher as Success, …, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure.failure.


??— — Success … teaches you to perform better far Success … teaches you to perform better far less than less than failure does.failure does.


e.g.e.g.

• There is There is not nearlynot nearly enough for all those people! enough for all those people!(= There is much too little for all those people.)(= There is much too little for all those people.)

• They don’t haveThey don’t have nearlynearly so many foods to choose from so many foods to choose from as as we do.we do.

not nearlynot nearly

— — far from; much less thanfar from; much less than

Success, …, is Success, …, is not nearlynot nearly as good a teacher as as good a teacher as failure.failure.

e.ge.g

• Her remarks were Her remarks were promptedprompted by her worries about the by her worries about the future.future.• What What prompted prompted you to do such a silly thing?you to do such a silly thing?

prompt prompt vt.vt.

—— inspire or cause (a feeling or reaction)inspire or cause (a feeling or reaction)

TranslateTranslate

这封信唤起了他对遥远的家的思念。这封信唤起了他对遥远的家的思念。KeyKey

The letter The letter promptedprompted thoughts of his distant home. thoughts of his distant home.

turn downturn down

— — refuse to accept (sb. or sth. usu. an offer, request or inrefuse to accept (sb. or sth. usu. an offer, request or invitation); rejectvitation); reject

e.g.e.g.

• She She turnedturned him him downdown;; she wouldn’t marry him. she wouldn’t marry him.• Pauline has Pauline has turned downturned down offers from several offers from several different different

law firms.law firms.

Paraphrase the following sentenceParaphrase the following sentence

We politely We politely turned downturned down the invitation. the invitation.

e.g.e.g.

• It’s time to It’s time to take stock oftake stock of your life and decide your life and decide where where you want to go.you want to go.

• It the age of 25, I began to It the age of 25, I began to take stock oftake stock of my career so my career so far.far.

take stock (of)take stock (of)

—— 1) examine or evaluate what one possesses, what one 1) examine or evaluate what one possesses, what one needs, etc.needs, etc.


e.g.e.g.

• The grocery store The grocery store took stocktook stock every week on Monday every week on Monday morning. morning.

• The stores are closed so they can The stores are closed so they can take stock of take stock of their their inventory.inventory.

take stock (of)take stock (of)

—— 2) count exactly the items of 2) count exactly the items of merchandise or supplies merchandise or supplies in stockin stock

Guided Practice

• Vocabulary• ClozeCloze• TranslationTranslation• Structure WritingStructure Writing

III.III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.form where necessary.

1.1. After Henry lost his job, he couldn’t even _____ the After Henry lost his job, he couldn’t even _____ the necessities of life.necessities of life.

affordafford

2.2. Our current economic circumstances _____ any Our current economic circumstances _____ any nonessential purchases.nonessential purchases.

precludepreclude

VocabularyVocabulary

emphasis prone distinguish obsess preclude

alike apply afford practically

prompt impulse enquire

3.3. The article puts a lot of _____ on the value of failure as The article puts a lot of _____ on the value of failure as a learning experience.a learning experience.

emphasisemphasis

4.4. Success that comes too easily makes people more _____ Success that comes too easily makes people more _____ to failure when real challenges ariseto failure when real challenges arise..

proneprone










5.5. Scientific discoveries would make greater contributions Scientific discoveries would make greater contributions to society if all of them are properly _____ to industrial to society if all of them are properly _____ to industrial production.production.

appliedapplied

6.6. Nancy _____ herself as an ice-skater at a very early age, Nancy _____ herself as an ice-skater at a very early age, winning three national competitions before she was winning three national competitions before she was fifteen.fifteen.

distinguisheddistinguished






7.7. She was so _____ with ice-skating that she never had She was so _____ with ice-skating that she never had time for normal childhood activities and experiences.time for normal childhood activities and experiences.

obsessedobsessed

8.8. Failure is painful for adults and children _____, but it Failure is painful for adults and children _____, but it can also be a good teacher.can also be a good teacher.

alikealike






9.9. Sam called the interviewer to _____ about why his Sam called the interviewer to _____ about why his application had been turned downapplication had been turned down..

enquireenquire

10.10. My first _____ was to tell him he was a fool, but I My first _____ was to tell him he was a fool, but I controlled myself.controlled myself.

impulseimpulse







11.11. Years of living overseas had made her _____ a foreigner Years of living overseas had made her _____ a foreigner in her own country.in her own country.

practicallypractically

promptedprompted

12.12. The lecturer’s remarks _____ a storm of excited The lecturer’s remarks _____ a storm of excited questions from the audience.questions from the audience.

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 111Ex. VIII, p. 111《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 111Ex. VIII, p. 111

VIII. Choose the best word from each pair to complete the passage below.

ClozeCloze

It’s natural for parents to want their children to achieve It’s natural for parents to want their children to achieve great things in life, but not at the expense of the child’s great things in life, but not at the expense of the child’s happiness and personal development. How can you tell if happiness and personal development. How can you tell if your child is your child is prone/boundprone/bound to the kind of “achievement to the kind of “achievement orientation” that leads to frustration and failure orientation” that leads to frustration and failure at last/in at last/in the long runthe long run? There are some signs that parents can watch ? There are some signs that parents can watch after/forafter/for, and some steps a parent can take to , and some steps a parent can take to promote/precludepromote/preclude the most destructive effects. Is your the most destructive effects. Is your daughter daughter obsessed/complexobsessed/complex with winning, instead of being with winning, instead of being able to enjoy a game even able to enjoy a game even although/thoughalthough/though she loses? she loses? Encourage her to take part Encourage her to take part of/inof/in activities that have no clear activities that have no clear goal, goal, as if/such asas if/such as going for walks or just daydreaming. going for walks or just daydreaming.

ClozeCloze

ClozeCloze

Do all of your son’s “when-I-grow-up’s” involve Do all of your son’s “when-I-grow-up’s” involve distinguishing/promisingdistinguishing/promising himself in a glamorous career? By himself in a glamorous career? By pointing out the pointing out the positive/probablepositive/probable aspects of the simple life, aspects of the simple life, you can let him know that real success isn’t measured in you can let him know that real success isn’t measured in achievements. And don’t forget the achievements. And don’t forget the beneficial/glamorousbeneficial/glamorous effects that frequent contact with nature has effects that frequent contact with nature has on/foron/for children. children. Even if/Ever since Even if/Ever since you can’t afford to take your you can’t afford to take your kids on camping holidays, you can make time for a day in kids on camping holidays, you can make time for a day in the park or at the beach. It’s great the park or at the beach. It’s great therapy/contributiontherapy/contribution for for the whole family.the whole family.

X. Translate the following sentences into English.

TranslationTranslation

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. X, p. 112Ex. X, p. 112《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. X, p. 112Ex. X, p. 112

1.1. 庇护孩子不让他们知道自己已经失败对于他们的成长是庇护孩子不让他们知道自己已经失败对于他们的成长是

绝对无益的。绝对无益的。

anything but beneficialanything but beneficial

Shielding children from the knowledge that they have Shielding children from the knowledge that they have

failed is anything but beneficial to their development.failed is anything but beneficial to their development.

developmentdevelopment


shield children from the knowledge

2. 2. 爱默生认为在失败与成功之间并无天壤之别。爱默生认为在失败与成功之间并无天壤之别。

Emerson does not think there is a world of Emerson does not think there is a world of

difference between success and failure.difference between success and failure.

between success and failurebetween success and failure

a world of differencea world of difference


3. 3. 一个成熟的人是一个善于把失败变成成功的人。一个成熟的人是一个善于把失败变成成功的人。

be good at doingbe good at doing

A mature man is one who is good at turning failure A mature man is one who is good at turning failure

into success.into success.

turn … intoturn … into


4. 4. 她醉心于自己在溜冰方面的成功，从未对现实世界的挑她醉心于自己在溜冰方面的成功，从未对现实世界的挑

战作好准备。战作好准备。

be obsessed withbe obsessed with

She was obsessed with becoming a success in ice She was obsessed with becoming a success in ice

skating that she never prepared herself for the skating that she never prepared herself for the

challenges of the real world.challenges of the real world.

success insuccess in

prepare oneself forprepare oneself for


5.5. 当他得知自己的公司已经破产当他得知自己的公司已经破产 ((go bankruptgo bankrupt)) 时，神经完时，神经完全崩溃了。全崩溃了。

learn learn

He suffered a complete nervous breakdown when He suffered a complete nervous breakdown when

he learned that his company had gone bankrupt.he learned that his company had gone bankrupt.

to suffer a complete nervous breakdownto suffer a complete nervous breakdown



6.6. 史密斯先生在谈到他的成功时，往往夸大其辞史密斯先生在谈到他的成功时，往往夸大其辞 ((exaggerexagger

ation)ation) 。。

when talking about when talking about

When talking about his success, Mr.Smith is very When talking about his success, Mr.Smith is very

prone to exaggeration.prone to exaggeration.

be very prone tobe very prone to


7. 7. 这家公司开始只卖收音机，但现在已扩大营业范围，销这家公司开始只卖收音机，但现在已扩大营业范围，销售电脑了。售电脑了。

start by selling start by selling

The company started by selling radios but now has The company started by selling radios but now has

branched out into selling computers as well.branched out into selling computers as well.

branch out intobranch out into


8. 8. 事实上，失败并不是可怕的东西。一旦我们学会运用它，事实上，失败并不是可怕的东西。一旦我们学会运用它，它就能对我们的成长和发展作出积极的贡献。它就能对我们的成长和发展作出积极的贡献。

nothing to be afraid of nothing to be afraid of

In fact, failure is nothing to be afraid of. Once we In fact, failure is nothing to be afraid of. Once we

learn how to use it, it can make a positive learn how to use it, it can make a positive

contribution to our growth and development.contribution to our growth and development.

learn how to use itlearn how to use itmake a positive contributionmake a positive contribution

You’ve just learned an effective way of argumentation: first

to present a viewpoint and then to argue against it by

presenting another point of view with supporting ideas. Try Try

the same thing as you write your own paragraph. the same thing as you write your own paragraph.

Structured WritingStructured Writing

Outline and Sample Paragraph

Topics for You to Choose


Presentation of one point of viewPresentation of one point of view

students / generally prone / what psychologists call “comfort students / generally prone / what psychologists call “comfort orientation” / talk as if / comfortable chairs / good lighting / orientation” / talk as if / comfortable chairs / good lighting / important to studying wellimportant to studying well

Presentation of a Presentation of a contrasting viewcontrasting view

Support for the Support for the contrasting viewcontrasting view

in fact / chairs / in fact / chairs / lights / not at all lights / not at all essential / studying / essential / studying / creative workcreative work

Hemingway, Socrates, Hemingway, Socrates, for example / their best for example / their best work standing upwork standing up

Students are generally prone to what psychologists call Students are generally prone to what psychologists call “comfortable orientation”. They talk as if comfortable “comfortable orientation”. They talk as if comfortable chairs and good lighting were important to study well.chairs and good lighting were important to study well.

In fact, chairs and In fact, chairs and lights are not at all lights are not at all essential to studying essential to studying or to creative work.or to creative work.

Hemingway and Socrates, Hemingway and Socrates, for example, both did their for example, both did their best work standing up.best work standing up.

Here is one pair of contrasting viewpoints for you to develop Here is one pair of contrasting viewpoints for you to develop

your own paragraph:your own paragraph:

《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XII, p. 114Ex. XII, p. 114《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. XII, p. 114Ex. XII, p. 114


One point of view:One point of view:

people / generally prone people / generally prone / belief / silent room / / belief / silent room / the best place to study / the best place to study / act as if quiet act as if quiet surroundings / crucial surroundings / crucial to concentrationto concentration

vs.vs. Contrasting view:Contrasting view:

In fact / noisy rooms / In fact / noisy rooms / more educational / more educational / quiet onesquiet ones

In my dorm room / for In my dorm room / for example / constant example / constant noise / my roommates / noise / my roommates / actually helps / thinkactually helps / think

supporting

supporting


Other pairs of contrasting viewpoints:Other pairs of contrasting viewpoints:

• success through intelligencesuccess through intelligence vs.vs. success through diligencesuccess through diligence

• English is the most important languageEnglish is the most important language vs.vs. Chinese is much Chinese is much

more important than Englishmore important than English

• Winston Churchill is remembered mainly as a great war Winston Churchill is remembered mainly as a great war

herohero vs.vs. Winston Churchill is mainly remembered as a Winston Churchill is mainly remembered as a

person of strong will and perseveranceperson of strong will and perseverance

AssignmentAssignment

1.1. Ex. VIII, p. 111Ex. VIII, p. 111

2.2. Ex. X, p. 112Ex. X, p. 112

3.3. Preview Text B Preview Text B

Unit 4: Text A 21st Century College English: Book 2 Turning Failure into Success.

Documents

Transcript of Unit 4: Text A 21st Century College English: Book 2 Turning Failure into Success.