Unit 4, Day 2

Renaissance Art and Architecture

Leonardo DaVinci – “The Last Supper”

Leonardo DaVinci – “The Vitruvian Man”

Michelangelo – “David”

Michelangelo – “The Sistine Chapel”

Botticelli – “The Birth of Venus”

Titian – “Self Portrait”

Jan van Eyck – “Wedding”

Brunelleschi – The Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore

Unit 4, Day 3

The Reformation

Humanism – During the middle ages people

were heaven focused.Humanism wanted to learn

more about life here on earth, not just in heaven.

The often made governments and the Catholic church angry.Erasmus (a priest) made fun of

the churches “folly.”Thomas Moore criticized the

king of England.

Leading Up to the Reformation

The Printing Press: for the first time, people have access to books.Johann Gutenberg

invented a movable type.

He made the bible accessible to all people.He printed them in

French, German, English, and Latin.

Leading Up to the Reformation

Became a monk and never felt that he was good enough.

Martin Luther

He saw church practices that he felt were incompatible with the Bible:Indulgences: priests

would “sell” penances for the living and the dead so that they would not have to spend as much time in purgatory.

Luther felt that this was like buying and selling salvation.

Martin Luther

So…on October 31, 1517, Luther posted 95 Thesis on the Castle Church door in Wittenberg, Germany.These stated the wrongs of the

Catholic Church

Martin Luther

An official prosecution was held against Luther.He barely escaped with is life and was

excommunicated.He never wanted to start his own

denomination, let alone religious division – He wanted to reform the Catholic Church and remain part of it.

Martin Luther

Luther became a controversial person in Germany.He wrote about a inner release from guilt – he

was not a social revolutionary.In 1524 and 1525, peasants revolted against

their lords.Luther condemned them and encouraged the

German Princes to crush the revolt – 100,000 peasants died.

Peasants Revolt

Also opposed the sale of indulgence and priests’ celibacy.

His reformation: whatever lacked literal support in Scripture was to be neither believed nor practiced.

At first on board with Luther, but after a debate, they went their opposite ways…and today we have different denominations.

Zwingli

They believed that Luther and Zwingli were wrong about baptism.

If you came to “true faith” (not Catholic faith) you need to be baptized again.

Decedents are the Amish and Mennonites.

Anabaptists

He lived in Switzerland.He heard Luther’s criticism

of the Catholic Church and agreed – however, he disagreed with some of Luther’s teachings.

Mainly he disagreed with Luther’s interpretation of communion and baptism.

John Calvin

Calvin tried to create a “heaven on earth”

So religious leaders began ruling towns in Switzerland.They had religious

laws with harsh punishments if you broke them.

Laws like no dancing and no pictures in church.

John Calvin

Henry was a staunch CatholicHe even wrote a

document refuting Luther’s teachings for the Catholic Church.

However he ran into trouble…get ready for a “Days of Our Lives” sequence…

Henry VIII

Henry’s brother died…his wife, Catherine was a match made for political reasons.

So Henry married her to keep political ties.

But…he was marrying his brothers wife, so he needed special permission from the pope.

Henry VIII

Catherine didn’t have any baby boys (Henry thought he needed a male ruler).

So he wanted to get an annulment (she was also 15 years older than him)

But to do that they would need the pope’s permission again.

Henry VIII

Now though, the Pope was controlled by the Holy Roman Emperor – Catherine’s nephew.

So Henry just starts his own church so that he is able to get a divorce.Anglican and Episcopalian Churches

Married Ann Boleyn…in fact he married again many times over:Divorced – Beheaded –Died – Divorced –

Beheaded – Outlived.

Henry VIII

In all those marriages, Henry never had a baby boy who lived.

However two of his daughters ruled England and were arguable the strongest leaders England has ever had:Bloody Mary (Catherine’s daughter who killed

all the Protestants)Queen Elizabeth (Anne’s daughter, a

Protestant)

Irony of it all…

Defenestration of Prague:Defenestration: throwing people out of a

windowBunch of Protestants threw the Catholics out of

a window.Protestants were like – hahaCatholics landed in dung pile and so they

thought God saved them.

Mrs. Chaddick’s favorite story…