Unit 4 Case Studies

8/10/2019 Unit 4 Case Studies

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[bcsdi]BRIEF I CONCEPT I SOLUTION I DOCUMENTATION I IMPLEMENTATION

The psychology of office design:

A function of productivity and staff retention



process & philosophy

BRIEFThis forms the basis of all discussions and agreements between theclient and [bcsdi] and is the interpretation of the client need

CONCEPTDissecting the brief and client needs [bcsdi] is able to visuallyillustrate the brief in 3D – the concept is [bcsdi]’s interpretation

SOLUTIONAfter all parties to the project have commented on the concept it isevolved to the design solution which is shown in computer

generated models and animations with all materials & finishes

DOCUMENTATIONThe success of any project relies largely on the level of designresolution, research, and level of detail achieved in the technicaldocumentation. Technical Documentation, be it shop drawings or aCI Manual are produced and circulated to all parties

IMPLEMENTATIONImplementation is the go live stage of the project where the designis realized through construction, manufacturing, prototyping andprocurement until handover to the client for use. [bcsdi] usesproject or construction management methodology as tools tomanage and communicate the implementation process

[bcsdi]

“Customersmustrecognize

that youstand forsomething”



purpose

[bcsdi] is a really cool full turnkey interior design practice creating

innovative interior design solutions for open minded clients

[bcsdi] is an intellectual, competitive, creative & energized designagency with an unrelenting & passionate desire to add value to

our clients bottom line, businesses & processes through our space

assessments, workplace planning, interior design & 3D BRANDING

solutions

SPACE PLANNING

3D BRAND DEVELOPMENT

ARCHITECTURAL INTERIOR DESIGN

INTERIOR DECORATING

SPACE ASSESSMENT

PRODUCT DESIGN

PROCUREMENT SOLUTIONS

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

[bcsdi]

i n n o v a t e

a

c t i v a t e

“A brandname ismore than a

word. It isthebeginning ofaconversation”



JHISparEricssonJD GroupUrban OceanBarclays BankStandard Bank

Deutsche BankCoke – ChaywaGeneral ElectricOctane Properties

Schwartz Jewellers

DubaiEgypt

TanzaniaKenyaGhana

Senegal

MozambiqueZambia

ZimbabweMauritius

SeychellesUganda

South Africa

projects

corporate l leisure l retail l residential



content

1. Features

a. Noise/Acoustics

b. Thermal comfort

c. Lighting 3

i. Daylight

ii. Light Levels

iii. Light Contrast

d. Ergonomics

e. Color & Texture

f. Workplace - Design Layout

g. Workstation - Design Layout

2. Benefits

a. Productivity

b. Well-being

c. Staff Retention

[bcsdi]

“Upset thestatus quoand propose

new, moreagile andinnovativesolutions toclient needs”



Frederick

W. Taylor

[bcsdi]



features

1.a. noise/acoustics

[bcsdi]

“Design isnot just whatit looks like

and feelslike. Designis how itworks”



DO• Provide speech privacy• Block sound with absorbent surfaces• Provide a sound masking system

DO NOT• Expose occupants to noise sources• Create small workstations with low partitions• Allow sound to be distracting

noise/acoustics

[bcsdi]



Workstation size:

Sound diminishes over distance : larger workstations reduce the amount of noise

Orientation:

Orientation of workstation openings and of occupants can reduce the level of noise

Office Layout:

Group noise-generating resources – i.e meeting rooms, group discussion areas, lunchrooms

Office Etiquette:

Introduce an office etiquette policy

Encourage open-plan office workers to speak more quietly, use headphones for music,avoid speaker phones, etc

Steer clear of using wooden flooring

noise/acoustics

[bcsdi]



Research:

Noise and Stress

Loud noise is a stressor and affects physiological functioning

Exposure to loud noise - risk for disorders and health problems

Excessive noise causes loss of concentration, fatigue and headaches

Use of masking sound

The masking sound needs to be loud enough to effectively cover office noise, but notso loud that it creates a disturbance itself 5Db

Partition height:

Partitions need to be high enough to block sound paths between

Partition heights greater than 1.7 m would be ideal.

Consider all aspects of the indoor environment when choosing partition height

noise/acoustics

[bcsdi]



features

1.b. thermal comfort

[bcsdi]

“Upset thestatus quoand propose

new, moreagile andinnovativesolutions toclient needs”



DO

• Provide adequate supply of outdoor air• Provide some individual control over temperature, air velocity, and/or air direction

• Clean and maintain the ventilation system and the office space

DO NOT

• Choose furnishings and equipment that emit high levels of contaminants• Place occupants close to contaminant sources• Block air diffusers or create draught• Use very high partitions• Ignore occupant complaints and symptoms

thermal comfort

[bcsdi]



Research:

TemperatureResearch shows that a hot or cold environment reduces comfort and productivity

Winter and summer values of 20 to 24C and 23 to 26C respectively are comfortable,

Approximately 1/3rd of employee sick leave can be attributed to symptoms caused bypoor IAQ

Humidity

Humidity of at least 30%

Humidity is desirable, without it, occupants can experience problems with dry eyes,nose, throat or skin, and static electricity

Excess humidity is also problematic because it increases the risk of infection, promotesmould and bacteria growth, and amplifies discomfort

Personal Air Delivery

One study found that occupants with desk-mounted personal air delivery were moresatisfied with ventilation, odor, and thermal conditions

thermal comfort

[bcsdi]



features

1.c. lighting

• daylight

• light levels

• light contrast

[bcsdi]

“Thereasonableman adapts

himself to theworld; theunreasonableone persistsin trying toadapt the

world tohimself.Therefore allprogressdepends ontheunreasonableman ”



DO

• Provide adequate task luminance

• Provide access to daylight

• Use fluorescent lamps with good color rendering

• Provide some individual lighting controls

DO NOT

• Allow walls and ceilings to be dark and cave-like

• Permit glare problems

• Create a colorless, blandly uniform office

• Use glossy surfaces

lighting

[bcsdi]



lighting

Lighting a Space for the Occupants

86% of respondents believed that improvements in lighting would reduce the incidenceof symptoms

[bcsdi]



lighting

Research:

Light Levels

Levels must match task demands and individual preferences

Ambient: 100 – 300 LuxFocus: 300 - 700 Lux

Surface Appearance

The brightness of vertical surfaces, as well as horizontal task surfaces, is important foroccupant comfort

Ambient light quantity contribute greatly to the atmosphere of a space

Light walls create a perceptually bright, pleasant atmosphere

[bcsdi]



features

1.d. ergonomics

[bcsdi]

“Design is ineverythingwe make,

but it’s alsobetweenthose things.It's a mix ofcraft,science,

storytelling, propaganda,and

philosophy ”



“The science of fitting work and the work environment to people so they don’t get hurtand tired.”

Consider the changing size—both numerically and physically—of people in the workforce:

their taskswork spacetheir safetyhealthcomfort

This involves an appreciation and application of ergonomics

Ergonomics is all about:

efficiencysafetyease of useease of operation

It is equally important in terms of the company's competitive position

If you feel happy at work, you perform better and you contribute more to the company

or organisation you work for.

ergonomics

[bcsdi]



ergonomics

What Chair Design Can Do

Good seating design can improve anatomical performance by lessening ergonomicstresses on the body

Seating designers attempt to alleviate stresses through the design of chairs

This is not a simple task; the interaction between body, posture, the work surface,personal preference, and the chair can be complex

Chairs can have an impact on back comfort and health to the extent that they affect

the major ergonomic risk factors of sitting

[bcsdi]



ergonomics

Where a workstation is part of an assembly of furniture units, there must be aminimum width of 80cm, with extra space on the left or right for putting things

Another important aspect is the depth of the worktop.

This is dictated by the total of the size of the keyboard, the depth of the monitor andthe distance between the screen and the worker's eyes

This viewing distance varies from 45 cm to 70 cm depending on the definition of thescreen and the operator's eyesight

Altogether, this means that an overall worktop depth of at least 80cm is standard.Those wanting more depth can opt for 90 or 100 cm

It is understood that the height of the worktop is closely linked to the height of theperson

According to the official standard, a good worktable is adjustable over a 20cm rangebetween the heights of 62 and 82 cm

Short people must be provided with an adapted seat height and a footrest. Tall peoplemust have a worktop that has been adapted to their height

[bcsdi]



features

1.f. color & texture

[bcsdi]

“In today'sfast pacedeconomic

environment, if you donot standout you sureareinsignificant

…ergo youloose marketshare”



color & texture

The more we understand color the better use we can make of it

Joy Through Color Absent from Offices

Historically the use of color was to manipulate people in the workplace

We Perceive Colors Depending on What’s Around Them

EXAMPLE: We are all well aware of how grey carpets seem to shift in color, dependingon the surrounding wall color

This occurs because our perception of one color becomes tinged toward the coloraround it

Some Colors Make Objects Appear Closer

We tend to perceive warm-colored objects as closer than cool-colored

Consider using light colors for large areas, such as partitions, with stronger or darkeraccents to provide visual interest

[bcsdi]



color & texture

[bcsdi]

Language Describes Colors and Their Effect on Us

Non-measurable, attributes, such as shocking pink and clear-sky blue, are more than just adjectives

They are terms we use to explain the effect a color has on us

Users should first respond to the question

“What should the space feel like or what mood do you want to create?”

Blue brings down blood pressure and slows respiration and heart rate

Orange evokes excitement, enthusiasm and is an energetic color

Purple is associated with luxury as well as creativity

Red raises a room’s energy level

Crimson can make some people feel irritable

Yellow captures the joy of sunshine and communicates happiness.

Green is considered the most restful color for the eye

Neutrals (black, gray, white, and brown) are basic to the decorator’s tool kit



color & texture

Roger S. Ulrich

The findings suggest that stressed individuals feel significantly better afterexposure to nature scenes rather than to urban scenes lacking natureelements including feelings of affection friendliness, playfulness, and elation

The major effect of the urban scenes was to increase Sadness

There was also a consistent but non-significant tendency for the urban scenes to-

aggravate feelings of Anger/Aggression, and for the nature scenes to reduce suchfeelings

The results suggest that outdoor visual environments can influence individuals'psychological well-being, and therefore should be given explicit attention in planningand design decisions

A related implication is that location and design decisions for some activities andinstitutions — such as high stress workplaces and hospitals — should assignconsiderable importance to providing 'through the window' contact with nature

[bcsdi]



features

[bcsdi]

1.e. workplace design

- layout

“A businessbased onbrand is,

very simply,a businessprimed forsuccess”



workplace design - layout

Energizing Office Design

Q: Why did office design and planning get stuck?

A : For mainly three main reasons:

Everyone involved in the process has lost sight of the true customer – THE OFFICE

WORKER

Inadequate models were used - Simply derived from the hierarchy of the organizationchart

Management consultants rarely focus on the importance of physical space and thebenefits it has on the company’s bottom line or return on investment

[bcsdi]




90% of US office workers believe that better design leads to better overall performance

You can increase work output by 21% if their office environment is better designed

Surprisingly, a great workplace environment can even be enough to make employeesagree to an extra hour of work each day

Nearly all top executives (90%) said that a better office environment is key to a betterbottom line

Because people spend up to 90% of their time indoors, and much of it in their

workplaces, the physical environment in offices should be carefully designed andmanaged

So what constitutes good workplace design?

[bcsdi]




Dr Francis Duffy author of The Changing Workplace

1. The HIVE - open plan, humming with activity2. The CLUB - 18th-century coffee-house style, for deals and ideas and bonding3. The DEN - for intense communicative work among a small number of people4. The CELL - where an individual works in a contemplative sort of way

These methods, researched and implemented over more than thirty years, are entirelyappropriate for the general purpose planning of office space.

[bcsdi]




"Our first, immediate reaction to our surroundings is of an emotional nature”

Importance of Third Places

With the growth of self-employment and home working, the need for a 'third place' tomeet clients and to spark ideas becomes more important

Offices With Ambience

The idea: Create comfortable places and it will significantly affect employees’ productivity, creativity and attitudes about their work - employees will work longer,

harder and more profitably

Designing green

There’s a push to use materials that are friendly to the environment, such as usingbamboo instead of mahogany

[bcsdi]



features

1.f. workstation –

design layout

[bcsdi]

“Foundationdesign is a

search, not for

the right

answers, but

for the

significant

questions”



workstation - design layout

Research:

Musculo-skeletal Pain

The human body is adaptable, but it has limits. Workstation set-ups that fail to supportthe body, or that require unnecessary repetitive motions, can cause pain and disability

Personalization

The items that occupants display express their identities and contribute to others’ impressions of them, thereby playing a role in social relations

Workstation Size

Workstations that are too small also lack storage and surface space, which can directlyimpede the work process

Workstations which are too large can result in long distances to shared resources and

may increase social isolation

Research recommends workstation sizes of 6.3 m2 or greater

[bcsdi]



content

2. Benefits

a. Productivity

b. Well-being

c. Staff Retention

[bcsdi]

“Upset thestatus quoand proposenew, moreagile andinnovativesolutions toclient needs”



benefits

2.a. productivity

[bcsdi]

“The greatestchallenge to

any thinker is

stating the

problem in a

way that will

allow a

solution”



productivity

[bcsdi]

•What is Productivity?

•An organization’s productivity is the value of its output relative to the value of its input

•Office Space and Organizational Productivity

•Designers, facilities managers, and organizations must think more broadly about the officesthat they provide

•Good design and operation will help to alleviate problems and ensure that modern office

designs promote, rather than inhibit, organizational productivity.



productivity

A well-designed, employee-friendly office boosts productivity as much as 25%

Business leaders should take account of the links between good workplace design andimproved business performance

Poor workplace design, by contrast, is linked to lower business performance and higherlevel of stress experienced by employees

Through research, it has become clear that improvements to the office can influenceemployee:

Innovationsatisfactioncommitmenttask performancehealthcomfort

These employee outcomes are essential to an organization’s success

[bcsdi]



benefits

2.b. well-being

[bcsdi]

“I preferdesign by

experts - by

people who

know what

they are

doing”



well-being

Indoor environments strongly affect human health.

The cost to the US’s workforce of upper respiratory diseases so far back as 1995 was$35 billion in lost work

The study estimates that more healthful office environments could reduce these costsby 10%-30%.

Psychological well-being will have positive impacts on:

work effectiveness

stress reduction

job satisfaction

organizational commitment

Reap the fiscal, physical, and psychological benefits of healthy buildings & offices

[bcsdi]



benefits

2.c. staff retention

[bcsdi]

“Design is ineverything we

make, but it’s

also between

those things.

It's a mix of

craft, science,

storytelling,

propaganda,

andphilosophy”



staff retention

[bcsdi]

•Well-designed workplaces can be a valuable recruiting and retention tool

•The business world is becoming more competitive

•Employees are working in optimally designed office spaces

•Due to a shortage of workers, businesses have to attract and retain qualified, educated, andtechnology-savvy employees by providing enticingly positive, energetic, flexible, and dynamicworkplaces

•Present-day work environments are being designed more for employees and their work needs- added team spaces, larger computer monitor screens, furniture systems, break-away areas,informal meeting rooms, “hot desking” to name but a few

•Those employers who ignore the evidence of office design as an enabler of staff satisfactionand performance risk the loss of key staff and ultimately business success

•If your office design is uncompetitive, you’ll lose both staff and recruits

•Something to think about : In a generally positive atmosphere, people will value the quality oftheir work experience higher than pay. The converse is true: if morale is poor…people focus ontheir money



[…A quantum leap has occurred in Spatial Interior Design with contemporary society and its consumers become

more discerning and sophisticated. Businesses, aware of the increasingly visually astute customer, are upagainst a sea of competitors to gain brand loyalty…Cutting edge design once only seen in bars and hotels isspilling into office & retail design; Despite the power of introducing strong design statements into these environments,attracting customers and building brand awareness are still the principle concerns of the design process…]

Thank you!

[email protected]

Unit 4 Case Studies

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Transcript of Unit 4 Case Studies