UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective:...

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UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Transcript of UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective:...

Page 1: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

U N I T 4

AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Page 2: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

LESSON 26PAGES 183-190

How does American Federalism work?

• Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty and an ongoing effort to balance power between the national and state governments. Explain the function of three basic kinds of local governmental units- counties, municipalities and special districts.

Page 3: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

What is the constitutional status of state governments?

• Constitution created a new national government, but it left, or “reserved” many governmental powers to the states. ( Amendment 10 specifically)

• Federalists 45- Madison argues that to power of the states would “extend to … ordinary course of affairs, concerns of life, liberties, properties, internal order, improvement and prosperity of the state”.

Page 4: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

What is the constitutional status of state governments?

• Important role in structure and operation of the national government.

• Article VII- 9 states to ratify the Constitution• Article I – House of Representatives and Senate- voted on

by people in their states• Electoral College

Page 5: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

What is the constitutional status of state governments?

• Constitution doesn’t plainly identify, but suggests powers left to the states.

• List of 8 powers states do NOT have. Article I, Section 10.

• Tax or duties on exports• Titles of nobility

• *list of 8 implies that states CAN DO what is not prohibited.

Page 6: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

What is the constitutional status of state governments?

• “Reserved Powers”- 10th Amendment – called “police powers”.

• Enact legislation protecting health, safety, welfare and morals.

• Operating schools, executing criminals, civil law, zoning regulations.

Page 7: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state governments organized?

• ALL have constitutions.

• ALL have Bill of Rights, usually at the beginning of their constitutions.

• ALL have 3 branches: executive, legislative, judicial. • Some legislative bodies are called assemblies• Most meet annually.

Page 8: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state governments organized?

• Legislative: • MOST are bicameral • Nebraska- unicameral

• ALL- have both houses based on population as the Supreme Court has ruled.

• Enact laws on speed limits, crimes, health care, educations, land use, environmental protection, and licensing of professionals: teachers, doctors, lawyers, beauticians and morticians.

Page 9: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state governments organized?

• Executive: • Governor- head executive• Usually 2-4 year terms• Can be reelected at least once• Most have lieutenant governors• Collectively employ more than the US gov’t

• 2003- US- 3M• States/Local- 15M

Page 10: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state governments organized?

• Judicial:

• Trail and appellate courts• Some judges are elected, others are appointed• Many courts, but state supreme court has the final say on

the state constitution.

Page 11: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state governments organized?

• Creation of local governments:

• State constitutions give legislative power to create local governments

• The receive charters to carry out a wide range of governmental responsibilities

• Local governments’ laws are called ordinances• Most local officials are elected

• 3 broad categories of local governments.

Page 12: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state governments organized?

• Counties: (parishes- LA and borough- Alaska)

• Record keeping- births, deaths, land transfers• Administration of elections, voter registration• Construction and maintenance of roads• Collection of state and local taxes• Maintenance of courts, courthouses and jails

• 2004- 3,345 counties in the US.

Page 13: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state governments organized?

• Municipalities: (cities and townships)

• Serves urban areas• Small towns to big cities• Provides: police, fire protection, water and sewer systems• Zoning and building code enforcement• Hospitals, libraries, streets and parks

• 2002- 35,933 municipalities in the US

Page 14: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state governments organized?

• Special districts: operate independently from other local governments

• Usually created to provide only one or a few services in a specific geographic area

• Operate schools or provide water and national resource conservation, fire protection usually in rural areas.

• Libraries, transportation, cemeteries and emergency services.

• 2004- 13,506 school districts• 35,052 other special districts

Page 15: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How have state constitutions changed?

• Since 1776, state constitutions have been replaced with new ones 144 times. • Louisiana has had 11!• Only 18 of the original constitutions remain.

• Amendments- either referred by state legislature or places on ballot (imitative process).

• Much larger than the US Constitution.

• Avg 26,000 words• US- 8,700 words.

Page 16: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How does American Federalism work in practice?

• Regulation of commerce:

• Article I Section 8, Clause 3- US Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce.

• States- power to regulate commerce in their own state borders.

• Supreme Court has ruled that Congress has the power to regulate local activities if it has “a substantial effect on interstate commerce”

Page 17: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How does American Federalism work in practice?

• Grant-in-aid programs: • Mid 1800s, national government began giving money

grants to states to help with programs ranging from transportation to welfare.

• States submit plans for how to use the money (often having to match funds with state dollars).

• For many years, these grants enabled the national and sate governments to work in relative harmony (called “cooperative federalism”

Page 18: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How does American Federalism work in practice?

• Great depression changed federalism profoundly:• People looked to the national government to solve

problems. • Previously used state governments and charities. • STRINGS ATTACHED- states must follow congressional

policies and rules by the national bureaucracy• National government has been able to influence state

policy making by giving or with holding money.

• Examples: Speed limits, state standards testing.

Page 19: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state “laboratories of democracy”?

• Experiments in some states serve as a laboratory to the other states.

• Example: Wyoming let women vote before the 19th Amendment

• Initiative, referendum, recall

Page 20: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state “laboratories of democracy”?

• Initiative, referendum, recall;• Began during Progressive Era• SD was the first state to permit the initiative.• Direct initiative- an individual or a group proposes and drafts

a law or amendment; gathers the needed signatures and it is places on the ballot

• Indirect initiative- proposal first goes to the legislature, if the legislature rejects the proposal or takes no action, then it goes on the ballot.

Page 21: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state “laboratories of democracy”?

• Referendum- a measure approved by the legislature, placed on the ballot for popular vote.

• Recall- removing elected officials from office

Page 22: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state “laboratories of democracy”?

• Environmental protection:• 1997- 165 countries have ratified or accepted the Kyoto

Accords• International treaty aimed at reducing the level of carbon

dioxide and give other greenhouse gases in the air.

• Our government did not agree to the treaty, but seven northeastern states entered into an initiative aimed at achieving most of the emission standards.

• 2006- California- 1st state to impose a cap on the emission of carbon dioxide and other gases.

Page 23: UNIT 4 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT. LESSON 26 PAGES 183-190 How does American Federalism work? Objective: Explain how American federalism involves divided sovereignty.

How are state “laboratories of democracy”?

• Health care:• By mid-1990s, soaring health care costs and increasingly

large numbers of people without insurance--- became a major issue of public concern.

• Congress passed the Affordable Health Care Act to help the crisis. Some states believe that Congress has exceeded it’s constitutional power. Debates continue.

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FINISHING UP!

Reflect!Study for your test!