Unit 4 American Dream. Part I Before ReadingBefore Reading Part II Detailed ReadingDetailed Reading...

Unit 4American Dream

Part I Before Reading Part II Detailed ReadingPart III After ReadingPart IV Assignments

1. The taped interview with Dr. Hertz.

2. Cloze B in after-text exercises (p. 106)

Before Reading

1.The taped interview with Dr. Hertz.

Q1: What did American Dream mean to Dr. Hertz’s grandparents?

Hint: It first meant getting out of poverty; later it meant the chance for their children to succeed.

Q2: In Dr. Hertz’s opinion, who wants people to believe in the American Dream? Why?


Hint: The American government. Because, according to Dr. Hertz, it intends to use the American Dream to keep most of its population working and spending their money so as to support the capitalist system.

Q3: Why does Dr. Hertz say that the American Dream is in one’s head and in one’s pocket?


Hint: It is in one’s head because one wants to live as well as or better than others; it is in one’s pocket because one has to keep on spending money so as to have things other people have.

1. Understanding the Text Structure 1) Circling 2) Chart Completion 3) Part Division of the Text

2. Text Reading 1) Line 1~ Line 26 2) Line 27~ Line 33 3) Line 34~ Line 43 4) Line 44~ Line 58 5) Line 59~Line 76 6) Line 77~ Line 82 7) Line 83~ Line 95

Detailed Reading

Scan Text A and circle all the time words, phrases or sentences in this text.

1. Circling

one evening (L2), the next evening (L12), The next two days (L19), on Friday (L21), Summer passed into fall (L27), when winter come (L28), The months passed (L32), one day (L34), Months later (L39), A year or two passed (L44), After about two years (L59), Sometime later (L71), Then, during the war (L77), After he passed away (L83).

Chart Completion How Tony Fulfilled His American Dream

Lines

1~26

27~33

34~43

Time Expressions Tony’s Steps toward Success

summer passed into fall

one day

Tony started to work as a help at Mr. Crawford’s house.

Tony got a job clearing snow at Mr. Crawford’s factory.

Tony asked to be trained as an apprentice, and later learned to be a skilled worker.

one evening during the Great Depression

Chart Completion

How Tony Fulfilled His American Dream

Lines

44~58

59 ~76

77~82

Time Expressions Tony’s Steps toward Success

a year or two passed

after about two years

during the war

Tony bought a house with the help of Mr. Crawford.

Tony bought a farm and sent for his family in Italy.

Tony died, leaving his family a prosperous farm and his children educated.

Part Division of the Text

Parts

1

2

Lines

1~82

83~95

Main Ideas

With determination, and with the help with Mr. Crawford, Tony achieved his dream of owing a farm.

Tony’s career set the author thinking about why and to what extent he had been successful.

American Dream American Dream is the belief that everyone in the United States has the chance to achieve success and prosperity. For ordinary people, it means a happy family, an ideal job, and a nice house. For minorities and immigrants, it also includes freedom and equal rights.

Immigrants1.Introduction

Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with the missing words.

Apart from “Native Americans” -- , all Americans have ancestors who were immigrants. The United States has the home of immigrants from all over the world. Some immigrants come to the United States a place to practice their religion freely, while others seek political or protection. Still others arrive in hopes of building a better life for and their families. Close

themselves ________

Indians ______

in search of ________

economic ______

become ______

Immigrants2. First Immigrants

The first immigrants to America came almost from western Europe. During the first decades of the 17th century, settlers from England colonized Virginia and New England. Immigration to New England began in 1620 when English Puritans established Plymouth Colony in present-day Massachusetts. The values of these Puritan settlers strongly influenced the culture of the American colonies and later of the United States.

Close

The Great Depression

The Great Depression is considered the most severe economic crisis in the industrialized world. It began when American stock market fell on Friday, Oct. 24, 1929, and continued the following Tuesday, known as Black Tuesday, with a greater fall. The Depression struck many other countries as well, particularly Germany, Japan, and Britain. In the early 1930s

millions of people lost their jobs, and millions of businesses and banks failed. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal policies improved the situation, but the Great Depression did not come to an end until World War II when industrial production for the war increased.

Tony Trivisonno’s American Dream

Line 1~ Line 26 (Paras 1~10)

turn away: refuse to help (sb.) or allow (sb.) to enter a place

他拒绝了所有的应征者。

He turned all the applicants away.

He turned away several people who didn’t have the tickets.

SS

TT

turn down 拒绝；调低

turn in 交还，上交

turn into 使变成

turn off 关；拐弯

turn out 生产，制造；证明，结果

turn over 仔细考虑

turn up 出现，来到；开大，调大

Collocation:

NB: compliment

compliment: v. & n. praise.

1) v. 表示“在某方面赞美某人”，用 compliment sb. on sth., 而不用 to.

SS 当我们表扬她取得的成绩时，她高兴得脸都红了。TT She flushed with pleasure when we complimented her to her

achievement. F

She flushed with pleasure when we complimented her on her achievement. T

2) n. 可以用 give/present a compliment to sb. 赞扬某人

补充，补足赞美，恭维

complement

work out: plan; solve; calculate

他们已经设计出把宇宙飞船送上太空的方法。

They’ve worked out a method of sending a spacecraft to the space.

The accountant has worked out your share of the expense at 1,000 yuan.

Collocation:work at 从事于，致力于

work up 引起，激起，逐渐上升

SS

TT

SS

weekly ：1. adj. happening once a week or every week

He thinks his weekly wage of 100 yuan is enough.

2. adv. once a week; every week; by the week《 21 世纪报》每周出版一次。

21st Century is published weekly.

3. n. a publication issued once a week Business Weekly 《商业周刊》 Publishers’ Weekly ( 美 ) 《出版商周刊》 a twice weekly 半周刊

SS

TT

Pairing : What does a gardener do?

Try to pair the verbs in Column A with objects in Column B.

to mowto weedto sweepto clean upto take care ofto liftto fix

A Bthe gardenthe yardthe lawn any little tasksheavy objectsthe walksthings


Line 27~ Line 33(Paras 11~13)

do with:1) (used in questions with what) deal with

Tell me what you did with yourself this week.

The child didn’t know what to do with himself for excitement.

2) tolerate

我不能忍受他和他的无礼。

I can’t do with him and his impoliteness.

3) (often with could, can) desire

I could do with a cup of tea.

SS

SS

SS

TT

SS

Collocation:

do without 没有…也行，将就

do away with 废除，去掉

have something to do with 和…有点关系

have nothing to do with 和…毫无关系

determination: n. the ability to continue trying to achieve what you have decided to do even when this is difficult

He has great determination to learn English well.

personnel: n.

1) the department in a large organization that deals with employees; human resources (uncountable noun, used with a singular or plural verb).

personnel administration 人事管理

personnel department 人事部 / 处 / 科

personnel director 人事部长 / 处长 /科长

2) all the persons working in an organization, in the army, etc. ( often used with a plural verb)

The personnel of the company has been increased.

全体员工都允许参加晚会。

All personnel were allowed to take part in the party.

personnel: n.

SS

TT

SS

NB: 此外注意与 personal 的区别。

personal: 个人的，私人的，亲自的，秘密的Like their personal lives, women’s history is fragmented, interrupted.

Translate the following into Chinese.

a personal appearance

I have something personal to tell you.

亲自出面

我有秘密的事要告诉你。

SS

capacity: n.

1) the ability to understand or do sth.;

His capacity for remembering things is interesting.

2) the ability to hold or contain sth. ; the maximum amount that can be contained

This is a hall with a seating capacity of 2000.SS

CF: capacity, ability, capability & proficiency这些词都可以表示“能力”的意思。

capacity 用于物时，指容纳接受的能力，如容积、容量、生产能力；用于人时，指潜在的能力，多用于才智、道德，尤指接受能力、领悟性、敏感性等。

ability 既指天赋的能力，也指培养造就而获得的本领；主要用于人，指已经表现出来的实际能力，尤指人的思维能力。

capability 较多用于人，指胜任某项工作的能力、本领。

proficiency 正式用语，带有技术性，指对业务的精通和熟练。

capacity, ability, capability & proficiency Fill in the blanks with the words given above.

1. Her mental is very great.

2. The film is beyond the of the children.

3. in several foreign languages is needed for work as a traveler’s guide.

4. He has the of solving practical problems.

skilled: adj.

1) having skill; trained; experienced

2) needing skill

a skilled worker 技术熟练的工人

skilled work 技术性工作

CF: skilled & skillfulskilled, skillful 表示“有技术的，熟练的”时可以互换，但

skilled 通常是指受过正规训练，有多年实践经验而掌握某项专门技术。skillful 是指人聪明，做事很灵巧，尤指手的灵巧。

He is a skilled/skillful surgeon.

罗斯的父亲是个熟练的机械师，因而她也很会修理自行车。

Rose’s father is a skilled mechanic so she has become skillful at repairing bicycles too.

SS

SS

TT

for sale: available to be bought 待售，供出售

The company will put the houses for sale.

Not for Sale. 非卖品。

Collocation:

on sale 上市，出售；减价，贱卖

a sale on credit 赊购

on sale or return 包退包换的，无法销售可以退货的

SS

call on:

1) visit sb. for a short time

I’ll call on him tomorrow.

2) summon; appeal

他们号召全市工人支持这次罢工。

They called on the workers of the city to support the strike.

3) invite; require

The host of the party called on the Chairman to speak.

SS

SS

TT

SS

Collocation:

call for 邀约；要求；需要

call off 取消

call up 打电话；召集；使人想起

call in 顺路到某处；收回

loan: 1. vt. lend

The bank loaned me some money.

The artist loaned her pictures to the museum.

2. n. 1) sth. lent, esp. a sum of money

Does the loan carry any interest?

2) lending 我可以借你的打字机用一下吗 ?

May I have the loan of your typewriter?

SS

SS

SS

SS

TT

Collocation:

ask for the loan of 请求借用…have the loan of … 借…

on loan

出借的

a domestic (foreign) loan 内（外）债

a public / government loan 公债 , 国库券a loan for consumption 消费贷款

a loan on security 担保贷款

a gift (interest-free) loan 无息贷款 a long-term loan 长期贷款a mortgage loan 抵押贷款 , 抵押借款

character: n.

1) the particular collection of qualities that make sb./sth. different from others

品质的培养应是教育的重点。Character building should be the main point of education.

2) person in a play, movie, etc.

I find all the characters in his new play very real.

SS

TT

SS

一个汉字

汉字看起来像是一幅幅小图画。

The characters in Chinese writing look like small pictures.

3) letter, sign or mark used in a system of writing or printing

a Chinese characterSS

SS

TT

CF: character, characteristic, feature & personality这些词都是名词，都有“性格”、“品质”、“特征”的意思。

character 指成年人已经充分发展的生活方式，而且往往与品格有关。

characteristic 指某物的任何方面，不涉及全局的重要性，但常指有代表性的一个侧面，常用于科技领域。

feature 通常指外貌的特征或特别的、附加的、有吸引力的东西。

personality 偏重指一个人表现出来的无法明确阐述的整个情绪方面的特点，不与形容词连用时表示情感上的吸引力。

character, characteristic, feature & personality

Fill in the blanks with the words given above and translate the sentences into Chinese. 1. An aquiline nose was her best . 鹰钩鼻是她最明显的特征。

2. He can read a guy’s at the first glance.他一眼就可以看出一个人的品质。

3. He has character but no .

他有性格但没有个性。4. A psychological report lists every possible of the person being studied. 一份心理学报告列举了研究对象所有可能有的特性。

Mortgage 1.Mortgage

Mortgage is an agreement to have money lent,

especially to buy a house or land, with the house or

land belonging to the lender until the money is

repaid. It enables a person to buy a house without

having enough money to pay for it completely. If

the borrower fails to repay the loan, the lender

may force the sale of the house to recover the

amount of the loan. Close

Mortgage

2.How to Get a Mortgage

A borrower can get a mortgage from a bank, credit union, or other lender. Most lenders require the borrower to have a certain amount of money to use as a down payment. For example, if an individual wants to buy a home priced at $50,000 and the lender requires a down payment of $2,000, the individual will apply for a loan of $48,000 to pay for the difference. Payments for the loan are usually made monthly. The life of the mortgage can be 15, 20, 30, or even 40 years.

Close

confidence: n. the quality of being certain of one’s abilities or of trusting other people

I have every confidence in your ability to succeed.

我告诉你这件事是因为绝对相信你会保守秘密的。

I am telling you this in strict confidence.

SS

SS

TT

send for: ask for the arrival of

I was seriously ill and my father had to send for a doctor.

Do you want to send for the police? SS

hunt: v.

1) search thoroughly (for)

警察在山中搜索逃犯。

The police are hunting for the escaped criminal in the mountain.

They were hunting the area for a new apartment.

2) go after (wild animals) for food or sport

We often go out hunting in the holiday.

SS

TT

SS

SS

abandon: v. give up completely and forever

The cruel father abandoned his newborn daughter.

One of my classmates had to abandon the trip because of his father’s illness.

SS

property: n.

1) land, buildings or both together

Little property was left in the small country after the war.

2) the thing or things that sb. owns

The factory is my uncle’s private property.

public property

personal property

real property

SS

SS

公共财产

动产

不动产

sometime: adv. at a time that is unknown or has not yet been fixed

CF: sometime, sometimes & some timesometime 在某时候 , 曾经sometimes 有时，不时，间或some time 一段时间

我希望明年某个时候你再来。I hope you will come again sometime next year.

我有时会收到他的信。I sometimes hear from him.我已经等了你一些时候了。I have been waiting for you some time.

SS

TT

SS

TT

SS

TT

sponsor: 1. v. support by giving money, encouragement or other help

The exhibition was sponsored by the Society of Culture.

一些大公司赞助了这次的时装表演。

Some large companies sponsored this fashion show.

2. n. one who puts forward or guarantees a proposal

a sponsor country 主办国

SS

TT

approach:

1. v. come near or nearer toThe boys had approached the tunnel when they played the game.

The young teacher is easy to approach and all the students like to answer her questions.

2. n. way

每个人的学习方法都不一样。

Everyone has his own approach to study.

SS

SS

SS

TT

pass away: die

He passed away peacefully.

collocation:

pass by 不注意，忽视

pass down 使传下来

pass over 对…不加考虑

pass out 失去知觉，昏倒

pass off 终止，停止

SS

handle:1. v. 1) manage; control

How to handle the contradiction correctly among the people is important to steady development.

2) touch, lift, or hold with the hands

Wash your hands before you handle the white paper.

2. n. a part that is designed to be held or operated with the hand

The handle is not well fixed.SS

SS

above all: most important of allHe was concerned above all with the truth of the accident.

Collocation:

after all 毕竟 , 终究 , 归根结底

at all 完全 , 全然

first of all 首先

in all 总计；总的说来

all but 几乎 , 差一点；除…外全部

all in all 总之

SS

balance: 1. n.1) the difference between the credit and the debit side; a

remainder

a bank balance

剩下来的工资全用来购买花卉栽培的新书上了。

The balance of the wages was devoted to new books on flower culture.

2) a weighing device

The balance is a device for weighing, not for you to play.

银行余额

SS

TT

SS

3) a state of equilibrium

孩子骑在他的新自行车上用双腿保持平衡。

The child could keep his balance with his legs on his new bicycle.

2. v. 1) keep or put something in a steady position

I’m trying to balance on the ball on one foot in order to win the prize.

2) show equal totals of debits and credits

My accounts balance for the first time this year!

SS

TT

SS

SS

After Reading1. Useful Expressions2. Writing Strategy3. Sentence Translation 4. Summary Writing5. Proverbs and Quotations

AR_Useful Expressions1

Useful Expressions

1. 结结巴巴的英语 broken English 2. 大萧条时期 the Depression days

3. 上门求助 come to sb. for help 4. 重整业务 rebuild one’s business

5. 夏去秋来 summer passes into fall6. 人事部门 personnel department

7. 培训工人 train laborers

8. 徒工学校 an apprentice school

9. 精密加工工作 precision work10. 减薪水 take a cut in pay

Useful Expressions 11. 人品贷款

12. 没门 no sale 13. 人品端正 a man of character

14. 首付 down payment 15. 从那以后 from then on16. 零星杂物 odds and ends17. 样子自信 have a look of confidence

18. 穿戴整齐 be neatly dressed 19. 儿时的伙伴 childhood friends

20. 最后 in the end

loan money on character

2. Writing Strategy

Q1: Why is Tony’s faulty English sentence “I mow your lawn” repeated four times?

Because it shows Tony’s determination in finding a job, and his optimistic view that people would help a man who needed a job.

2. Writing StrategyQ2: Does the author himself ever make a statement claiming Tony to be a good worker?

No, he doesn’t. He makes you infer from other people’s compliments.

Q3: Now, scan Text A and try to find out all descriptions of Tony’s physical appearance.

2. Writing Strategy

Line 3 He was about five-foot-seven or eight, and thin.

Lines 59~60

He seemed to stand a little straighter. He was heavier. He has a look of confidence.

Line 71

…neatly dressed

Sentence Translation

Translate the sentences from Chinese into English.

1. 她所遇到的挫折从未削弱她找出解决办法的决心。Her determination to work out the method was never weakened by the frustration she met with.

2. 罢工者拒绝了老板们昨天提出的工资标准。

The strikers have turned down yesterday’s pay offer from the employers.

3. 他是一个有钱的人，同时又是一个人品端正的人。He is a man of property as well as a man of character.

Sentence Translation Translate the sentences from Chinese into English.

4. 冬天渐近，天气变得冷多了。

As winter approached, the weather became much colder.

5. 考生很有自信地回答问题。

The examinee answered the question with confidence.

Summary Writing

From the start, Tony showed

( 实现梦想的决心 ).When he

(找 Crawford先生帮忙 ) for t

he first time, Mr. Crawford

( 拒绝了他 ), but he didn’t give up. Later, Mr. Crawford offer

ed him a job in the factory, he worked hard, and

( 通过学习成为技术工人 ). Then with Mr.

Crawford’s help, he managed to

( 以人品担保得到贷款 ) for a house. Finally he bought a farm, and h

e was able to ( 把家人接来 ). His dream came tru

e.

his determination to achieve his dream

turned him

to be a skilled worker

get a loan on character

send for his family

came to Mr. Crawford for help

down

learned

Proverbs and Quotations

1. Slow and steady wins the race.

不怕缓慢，只要意志坚定就能赢得胜利 .

2. When the going gets tough, the tough gets going.

艰难之路，唯勇者行。

3. Adversity reveals genius; fortune conceals it.

苦难显才华，好运隐天资。

Proverbs and Quotations

4. Diligence is the mother of good luck.

勤奋是幸运之母。

5. Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.

自信是走向成功之路的第一步。

6. A man is valued as he makes himself valuable.一个人价值的高低，全在他自己的所为。

Proverbs and Quotations 7. Work banishes those three great evils: boredom, vice

and poverty. -- Voltaire, French writer

工作撵跑三个魔鬼：厌烦、堕落和贫穷。 -- 法国作家伏尔泰

8. Nothing is more dangerous than discontinued labor.

-- Victor Hugo, French writer没有什么比停止劳动更危险的了。

-- 法国作家 V. 雨果

Assignments:

1. Do exercises of Part II and home reading (Text B);

2. Read aloud Paras 30~33 and learn them by heart.

3. Do the pre-reading task of Unit 5 and Preview Text A of Unit 5.

Unit 4 American Dream. Part I Before ReadingBefore Reading Part II Detailed ReadingDetailed Reading...

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Transcript of Unit 4 American Dream. Part I Before ReadingBefore Reading Part II Detailed ReadingDetailed Reading...