Unit 3.5 The Skeletal & Muscular Systems. Functions of Bones Support of the body Protection of...
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![Page 1: Unit 3.5 The Skeletal & Muscular Systems. Functions of Bones Support of the body Protection of soft organs Movement due to attached skeletal muscles.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062308/56649f0a5503460f94c1e28a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Unit 3.5The Skeletal &
Muscular Systems
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Functions of BonesFunctions of Bones Support of the body
Protection of soft organs
Movement due to attached skeletal muscles
Storage of minerals and fats
Blood cell formation
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Types of BonesTypes of BonesHuman skeleton has 206 bones
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Microscopic Anatomy of BoneMicroscopic Anatomy of Bone
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Types of Bone CellsTypes of Bone Cells
Osteocytes Mature bone cells
Osteoblasts Bone-forming cells
Osteoclasts Bone-destroying
cells
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Stages in the Healing of a Bone Stages in the Healing of a Bone FractureFracture
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The Axial SkeletonThe Axial Skeleton
Forms the longitudinal part of the body
Divided into three parts
Skull
Vertebral column
Bony thorax
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The SkullThe Skull Two sets of bones
Cranium
Facial bones
Bones are joined by fused joints
Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint
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The SkullThe Skull
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Bones of the SkullBones of the Skull
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The Fetal SkullThe Fetal Skull
The fetal skull is large compared to the infants total body length
Gaps allow the brain to grow over the next 2 years
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The Vertebral ColumnThe Vertebral Column
Cervical vertebrae comprise the neck - 7
Thoracic vertebrae have ribs growing off of them - 12
Lumbar vertebrae comprise the lower back - 5
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The Bony ThoraxThe Bony Thorax Forms a cage
to protect major organs
Made-up of three parts
Sternum
Ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
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The Appendicular SkeletonThe Appendicular Skeleton
Limbs (appendages)
Pectoral girdle
Pelvic girdle
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The Pectoral GirdleThe Pectoral Girdle Composed of two
bones
Clavicle – collarbone
Scapula – shoulder blade
Allow arms to have exceptionally free movement
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Bones of the Upper LimbBones of the Upper Limb
The arm is formed by a single bone
Humorous
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Bones of the Upper LimbBones of the Upper Limb
• The forearm has two bones
• Ulna – pinky side
• Radius – thumb side
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Bones of the Upper LimbBones of the Upper Limb
The hand
Carpals – wrist
Metacarpals – palm
Phalanges – fingers
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Bones of the Pelvic GirdleBones of the Pelvic Girdle
Hip bones
Composed of three pair of fused bones Ilium
Ischium
Pubic bone
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Bones of the Lower LimbsBones of the Lower Limbs
The thigh has one bone
Femur – thigh bone
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Bones of the Lower LimbsBones of the Lower Limbs
The leg has two bones
Tibia – front leg
Fibula – back leg
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Bones of the Lower LimbsBones of the Lower Limbs
The foot
Tarsals – ankle
Metatarsals – sole
Phalanges – toes
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The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System Three basic
muscle types are found in the body
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle
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Smooth Muscle CharacteristicsSmooth Muscle Characteristics
Involuntary – no conscious control
Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs
Also line blood vessels
Slow, sustained and tireless
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Cardiac Muscle CharacteristicsCardiac Muscle Characteristics
Involuntary
Found only in the heart
Beat 100,000 times a day, 35 million times a year, and over 2.5 billion times in a lifetime
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Skeletal Muscle CharacteristicsSkeletal Muscle Characteristics
Produce movement
Maintain posture
Stabilize joints
Generate heat
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The Sliding Filament TheoryThe Sliding Filament Theory
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Ventral Trunk MusclesVentral Trunk Muscles
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Dorsal Trunk MusclesDorsal Trunk Muscles
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Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and ThighMuscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
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Muscles of the Lower LegMuscles of the Lower Leg