Unit 3 Test

Question 1Needs Grading

Nuclear energy companies push the idea that nuclear energy is the future for energy demand for the United States and it is clean being pollution free, safe, clean, never ending and reliable. Being a student who has just learned all about the nuclear fuel cycle, what do you have to say about this statement?

Selected Answer:I believe that nuclear energy really is the future for energy demand for the United States. This is because it is pollution free, safe, clean, never ending, and very reliable. This is what people are looking for now.

Correct Answer:[None]

Response Feedback:[None Given]


What role did NC play in the formation of the United States Soil Conservation Service? Who was the first chief of the Soil Concervation Service?

Selected Answer:NC played a huge role in the formation of the US Soil Conservation Service. The first soil conservation district was organized in the Brown Creek watershed of North Carolina. The first chief of the Soil Conservation Service was Hugh Hammond Bennett.

Correct Answer:NC provided the leadership for the US SCS through the first chief, Hugh Hammond Bennett, NC native. NC played a very important role in the policies, research and organization of the SCS through the univerisities and the farming practices used in NC.The following is the biographical information for Hugh Bennett.......Hugh Hammond Bennett was born in a plantation home near Wadesboro, North Carolina in 1881. As a boy, Bennett played, worked, and roamed the acreage of his father's cotton farm. A setting that gave Bennett the opportunity to witness soil erosion while growing up.After earning a degree in chemistry from the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Bennett became a soil surveyor with the USDA's Bureau of Chemistry and Soils. His years of working with the Bureau gave him insight into the effects of erosion on soil and the production of agricultural commodities. He became a nationally recognized authority on the issue through a number of publications and papers he would write.In 1933, as the nation struggled through the Great Depression and Dust Bowl, Bennett was given the opportunity to put his ideas on soil conservation into practice. The Soil Erosion Service (SES) was created within the Department of Interior and Bennett was named its director. Bennett and the other employees of the SES began to holding demonstrations on farms throughout the country.In 1935, the SES was moved to the US Department of Agriculture and renamed the Soil Conservation Service (SCS). Bennett continued as the chief of this new agency.Bennett and his colleagues devised an entirely new approach to land management; putting every acre to its best use and treating every acre according to its needs. Thus was born the conservation plan based on soil resources and their capabilities. This concept involved the ecology of the entire farm -- woods, crops, pastures, and wildlife. Along with the conservation plan, the revolutionary idea of soil conservation districts was born.In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt sent to the governors of all states legislation that would allow the formation of soil conservation districts. The first district established was the Brown Creek Soil Conservation District which included Bennett's home county, Anson.Bennet's flair for showmanship and his evangelistic commitment to soil conservation, convinced national leaders and farmers alike for the need to conserve our soil and water resources. His ideas changed the face of America's landscape. On farmland scared by gullies and blown by winds, lush fields of grain once again waved. Conservation practices like stripcropping, terraces, and waterways had stopped the erosion of our soil and returned the land to its former productivity.In 1951, Bennett retired as chief of the Soil Conservation Service. His influenced had spread worldwide as many other nations emulated the programs he had established in their own country. He was one of the founders of the Soil Conservation Society of America (now the Soil & Water Conservation Society).On July 7, 1960, Hugh Hammond Bennett died of cancer in Burlington, North Carolina at the age of 79. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.His legacy lives on in the Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the SCS), the nation's 3,000 Soil Conservation Districts, and on the land he worked so hard to protect and enrich.


Question 310 out of 10 points

One way in which the Davis Student Center Building at the University of Vermont obtained certification in green design was by the use of

Selected Answer:a green roof to reduce electricity usage.

Answers:a green roof to reduce electricity usage.

recycled tires in construction of the track and field arena.

solar panels to supply most of the energy requirements.

hydroelectric power to supply most of the energy requirements.

Response Feedback:correct


Vacant urban industrial and commercial sites are referred to as

Selected Answer:brown fields.

Answers:a megalopolis.

brown fields.

infrastructure.

urban sprawl.



Characteristics of a smart or sustainable community may include

Selected Answer:Both promoting economic success and seeking to protect and enhance the environment are true.

Answers:promoting economic success.

seeking to protect and enhance the environment.

protecting non-native species.

Both promoting economic success and seeking to protect and enhance the environment are true.



A sustainable community seeks to protect and enhance the environment by

Selected Answer:reducing water use.

Answers:buying wholesale.

reducing water use.

valuing and protecting the diversity of nature.

using firewood instead of natural gas.

Response Feedback:incorrect


Which of the following is a goal of urban transportation planning?

Selected Answer:to conserve energy

Answers:to reduce urban pollution

to conserve energy

to provide transportation for handicapped and poor

None of these are correct.



Which of the following best matches the description?Lowland area on either side of a river.

Selected Answer:wetlands

Answers:zoning

megalopolis

floodplain

urban sprawl

floodplain zoning

multiple land use

wetlands

ribbon sprawl

land-use planning

tract development



In the time span between pre-European settlement to the present, the United States has lost approximately _______ of its wetlands.

Selected Answer:75%

Answers:95%

75%

50%

25%



Electric cars have been around for along time, so why do we still drive gasoline powered vehicles?

Selected Answer:Even though electric cars have been around for a long time, we are still driving gasoline powered vehicles. This is because electric cars are still not as widely available yet.




The energy grid in the United States is very inefficient. We watched a short video on the future of nanotechnology and maybe the end of the grid as we know it.1.) What barriers do you see to a complete shut down of the grid and a direct energy economy?2.) What companies (most powerful) control all the energy on the grid at this time?3.) What would be the cost of such a system change?4.) Do you think there will be a change to this extreme that results in the end of the energy grid? Why or why not?

Selected Answer:[None Given]

Correct Answer:answers will vary feedback will be given for answers individually



Which soil profile contains material leached from other horizons?

Selected Answer:B

Answers:A

B

C

D



By avoiding excessive tillage, soil quality is enhanced by

Selected Answer:minimizing loss of organic matter.

Answers:minimizing loss of organic matter.

adding diverse crops.

maximizing soil removal.

All of these are correct.



_________ is added to soils to make them less acidic.

Selected Answer:Lime

Answers:Manure

Organic matter

Lime

Nitrogen



Which of the following do plants need to live?

Selected Answer:All of these are correct.

Answers:water

carbon dioxide

oxygen




Which of the following best matches the description?Planting of trees to prevent wind erosion.

Selected Answer:windbreak

Answers:weathering

parent material

friable

soil profile

humus

chemical weathering

terrace

soil structure

mechanical weathering

leaching

contour farming

loam

horizon

windbreak

soil texture

lithosphere

asthenosphere



Which of the following best matches the description?Level area constructed on steep slopes for agricultural purposes.

Selected Answer:terrace

Answers:weathering

parent material

friable

soil profile

humus

chemical weathering

terrace

soil structure

mechanical weathering

leaching

contour farming

loam

horizon

windbreak

soil texture

lithosphere

asthenosphere



Two processes which chemically alter parent material are

Selected Answer:oxidation and hydrolysis.

Answers:oxidation and hydrolysis.

decomposition and oxidation.

hydrolysis and liming.

freezing and thawing.



In chapter 12 the issue of urban planning is discussed.1.) Why do we need urban planning?2.) What is urban sprawl? 3. - 5.) List three reasons why the best urban plans may fail when applied to the complex issues of urban sprawl. Use examples from the video you watched for the discussion board or maybe discuss your personal challenges to urban sprawl and planning issues.

Selected Answer:1. We need urban planning because it helps city leaders to come up with long-term objectives that show a vision with the resources needed to acheive it.2. Urban sprawl is the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.

Correct Answer:Urban planning is a means to monitor growth and provide for the people who are using the space to allow for a full use of resources planning to preserve and provide for the people who live in the urban area - parks, open space, housing. Urban sprawl is the means for people to find these things and more by going out of the city to open land areas and often farther out from the center in search of more house, more space, country.... often exchanging driving for long distances and loss of time for more space.

What are the challenges? 1.) Finding out what people want and developing plans that keep ahead of population growth and 2.) getting these worked into the plan so that people can find what they want in the city, but also it has to be 3.) affordable.

There are many other items you can list for this question.



__________ is a controversial location proposed as a repository for long-term storage of nuclear waste in the United States.

Selected Answer:Carlsbad, New Mexico

Answers:Fargo, North Dakota

Carlsbad, New Mexico

Death Valley, California

Yucca Mountain, Nevada



Biological effects of ionizing radiation include


Answers:damage to DNA.

mutations.

damage to molecules in cells.




The first goal for developing nuclear energy was to

Selected Answer:produce bombs.

Answers:produce electricity.

test new theories in quantum physics.

produce bombs.

develop a new energy source.



Which of the following best matches the description?Material that absorbs the energy from neutrons released by fission.

Selected Answer:moderator

Answers:thermal pollution

alpha radiation

nuclear fission

light-water reactor

nuclear breeder reactor

radiation

beta radiation

decommissioning

radioactive half-life

nuclear fusion

heavy-water reactor

gamma radiation

moderator

rem

U-235

transuranic waste



Which of the following is NOT a form of energy released from nuclear disintegration?

Selected Answer:delta

Answers:alpha

gamma

beta

delta



One of the greatest terrorism-related nuclear threats is from

Selected Answer:dirty bombs.

Answers:nuclear power plants.

dirty bombs.

nuclear warheads.

None of these are correct.



Which of the following is NOT a type of biomass?

Selected Answer:animal waste

Answers:animal waste

agricultural crops

fuel wood

solid waste



Which of the following best matches the description?Heat energy from the Earth's core.

Selected Answer:geothermal energy

Answers:underground mining

resources

active solar system

photovoltaic cell

surface mining

acid mine drainage

geothermal energy

secondary recovery

liquefied natural gas

black lung disease

nonrenewable energy sources

reserves

renewable energy sources

passive solar system

overburden



The Middle East and Eurasia (primarily Russia) have about 76% of the worlds

Selected Answer:natural gas reserves.

Answers:natural gas reserves.

coal reserves.

oil reserves.

peat reserves.



Which of the following best matches the description?Technique used to obtain the maximum amount of oil or gas from a well.

Selected Answer:secondary recovery


resources

active solar system

photovoltaic cell

surface mining

acid mine drainage

geothermal energy

secondary recovery


black lung disease


reserves



overburden



Unlike batteries, fuel cells

Selected Answer:run continuously and do not need to be recharged.

Answers:run continuously and do not need to be recharged.

are rechargeable in very short periods of time.

have high emissions.

are extremely expensive.



Who are the stakeholders that believe the United States should drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge?

Selected Answer:members of congress, Inupiat Eskimos, the President, and oil company executives

Answers:members of congress, Gwich'in tribe, the Speaker of the House, and Nature Conservancy

members of congress, Inupiat Eskimos, the President, and oil company executives

the Canadian government, Green Peace, and the World Wildlife Fund

the Russian government, the University of Alaska, and the U.S. Senate



The primary source of energy in much of the developing world is

Selected Answer:biomass.

Answers:natural gas.

coal.

peat.

biomass.



Which of the following best matches the description?Resources that are not replaced by natural processes.

Selected Answer:nonrenewable energy sources


resources

active solar system

photovoltaic cell

surface mining

acid mine drainage

geothermal energy

secondary recovery


black lung disease


reserves



overburden



Acid mine drainage occurs when

Selected Answer:sulfur is released into the atmosphere during mining.

Answers:sulfur is released into the atmosphere during mining.

oxygen, water, and bacteria cause sulfur to form sulfuric acid.

oil is separated in a distillation tower.

biomass is burned to generate methane.



Which of the following processes involves removing materials from the top of a vein of coal to get to the coal beneath?

Selected Answer:surface mining

Answers:surface mining

underground mining

acid mine drainage

secondary recovery



Choose the correct historical sequence of fuel use in the U.S. from 1800 to the present.

Selected Answer:wood, coal, oil, gas

Answers:wood, coal, oil, gas

coal, wood, gas, oil

wood, oil, coal, gas

oil, wood, coal, gas



Biomass such as ____________ is used by much of the developing world as its energy source.

Selected Answer:wood

Answers:coal

oil

wood

gasoline



Which of the following best matches the description?Plant material accumulated in swamps and was ultimately converted to coal.

Selected Answer:Carboniferous period

Answers:OPEC

fossil fuels

hunter-gatherer

OECD

methanol

Industrial Revolution

gross domestic product

Carboniferous period

hydrogen fuel cell

compressed natural gas



Transcontinental pipelines that are currently used to transport natural gas were originally constructed

Selected Answer:to transport oil during World War II.

Answers:to transport potable water.

by Chinese immigrants during the Civil War.

to transport oil during World War II.

to transport gasoline for the automobile industry.



Which of the following best matches the description?Total amount of goods and services produced by a nation.

Selected Answer:gross domestic product

Answers:OPEC

fossil fuels

hunter-gatherer

OECD

methanol




hydrogen fuel cell




In what state has the Goshute tribe applied for a site license to store 40,000 metric tons of nuclear waste for 40 years on their reservation?

Selected Answer:Utah

Answers:Ohio

Utah

Montana

North Dakota



Which of the following best matches the description?Remains of plants, animals, and microorganisms that lived millions of years ago.

Selected Answer:fossil fuels

Answers:OPEC

fossil fuels

hunter-gatherer

OECD

methanol




hydrogen fuel cell




What is biodiversity and why is it important?

Selected Answer:Biodiversity is the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem. It is important because it boosts ecosystem productivity where each species all have an important role to play.




Extinction of a species in one area of its range is called

Selected Answer:local extinction.

Answers:local extinction.

total extinction.

partial extinction.

spatial extinction.



The productivity of ecosystems depends on policy choices relating to


Answers:investment.

trade.

regulation.




__________ is an organization that certifies whether or not products are dolphin-safe.

Selected Answer:The Earth Island Institute

Answers:The Forest Stewardship Council

The Marine Aquarium Council

The Earth Island Institute

The Rainforest Alliance

The International Fisheries Cooperative



The taxonomic group that displays the greatest biodiversity is

Selected Answer:insects.

Answers:plants.

insects.

birds.

amphibians.

mammals.



Genetic diversity is influenced by which of the following?

Selected Answer:mutation

Answers:migration

mutation

sexual reproduction




Which of the following is considered to be a biodiversity hotspot?

Selected Answer:Caribbean

Answers:Tropical Andes

Central Chile

Caribbean




Which of the following best matches the description?Process of changing the natural community to encourage the increase in populations of certain desirable species.

Selected Answer:habitat management

Answers:threatened species

clear-cutting

reforestation

selective harvesting

endangered species

speciation

extinction

habitat management

patchwork clear-cutting

cover

biodiversity

mutation

species diversity

Unit 3 Test

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