Unit 3 Review Chapters 2-9 LEP Chapters 1-7 AMSCO
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Transcript of Unit 3 Review Chapters 2-9 LEP Chapters 1-7 AMSCO
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Unit 3 ReviewChapters 2-9
LEP Chapters 1-7
AMSCO
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Journey between Africa and New World
20% death rate
Middle Passage
Colonial Period
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Attempt by Puritans to enlarge church membership in order to include those faithful members who had not become one of the
“elect”
Half Way Covenant 1662
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WHEN: (1739) WHAT:
earliest known organized act of rebellion against slavery
60 to 100 slavesburned houses and killed whites
Get to Florida…Get FreedomSad ending…
RESULT:Led to more strict slave codes
Stono Rebellion
Colonial Period
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It was a theory of trade stressing that a nation’s economic strength (more
gold and silver) depended on exporting more than it imported. It manifested itself in triangular trade
and in laws passed between the mid-1600s and the mid 1700s, such as the Navigation Acts (1651-1673),
aimed at fostering British economic dominance.• Mercantilism
Colonial Period
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The survival of the Jamestown colony can be most directly attributed to
what??
Development of Tobacco
Colonial Period
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This was the first genuine unified movement of the
American colonies
First Great Awakening
Colonial Period
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A leader of Protestant Reformation.
He believed in predestination (God had already decided who was
saved). John Calvin
Colonial Period
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He differed from other Puritan ministers in his emphasis on the
individual’s private religious conscience
Roger Williams
Colonial Period
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Crops of southern colonies
(Chesapeake) – tobacco, (Carolina and Georgia) – rice and indigo
Colonial Period
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Describe how the Europeans regarded Native Americans
in the 1500s and 1600s
inferior subject to Christian domination
Colonial Period
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It is often cited as the first example of self-government in
the Americas. The Pilgrims, having arrived at a harbor far
north of the land that was rightfully theirs, signed it to
establish a “civil body politic” under the sovereignty of James
I.• Mayflower Compact
Colonial Period
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In 1676, a Virginia planter, led a group of 300 settlers in a war
against the local Native Americans. When Virginia’s royal governor questioned his actions,
he and his men burned and looted Jamestown. It showed the
increasing hostility between the poor and the wealthy in the
Chesapeake region.• Bacon’s Rebellion
Colonial Period
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The trial of Peter Zenger in New York has been considered an
important step in the development of what?
freedom of press
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As governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony, he (1588-1649) was instrumental in forming the
colony’s government and shaping its legislative policy. He
envisioned the colony, centered in present day Boston, as a “city
upon a hill” from which Puritans would spread religious
righteousness throughout the world.• John Winthrop
Colonial Period
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Formation of the Ohio Company
Desire of Massachusetts colonists to clear the French
out of CanadaWashington and Braddock’s
attack on Fort DuquesneFrench exploration in the Great
Lakes French and Indian War
Colonial Period
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System which granted parcels of land consisting of about 50 acres to colonists
who brought indentured servants into America. They were used by the Virginia Company to attract more
colonists.Headright System
Colonial Period
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During the French and Indian War, this was a plan by Ben Franklin
calling for colonial unity
Albany Plan
Colonial Period
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Define as a person who wished to break away from the impure
Church of England
Separatist
Colonial Period
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Winter of (1609-1610) – Settlers didn’t farm so they
were reduced to eating “doggs, Catts, Ratts, Myce”
and each other
Numbers go from 400 - 60Starving times
Colonial Period
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Majority of people came to America in colonial period for
this reason
Seek economic gain
Colonial Period
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This rebellion was a reaction to the westward movement of English
soldiers
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Colonial Period
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*Delegates from different colonies held a protest meeting
in NY*Sons of Liberty threatened tax
officials*Colonists boycotted British
goods*London merchants suffered
from reduction in tradeStamp Act
AGE OF EXPLORATION
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Parliament’s efforts to improve the profits of the
British East India Company led to this extreme event
Boston Tea Party
Colonial Period
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People have right to revolt against tyranny
People have rights simply because they are humanSovereignty resides in the
peopleFundamental purpose of
govt is to protect people’s rightsEnlightenment philosophy
Colonial Period
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It was the ship that carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic from
the Netherlands to Plymouth Plantation in 1620 (the Pilgrims
had fled England to the Netherlands before heading to the
New World).
• Mayflower
Colonial Period
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Colonists in the NE formed this in 1643 as a defense against local Native American tribes and the encroaching Dutch.
The colonists formed the alliance without the English
crown’s authorization.
• New England Confederation
Colonial Period
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This pamphlet dealt with arguments for independence
in mid 1770s
• Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
Colonial Period
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He was an English settler in Jamestown. He married the daughter of the chief of the
Native American Powhatan tribe, Pocahontas, and introduced the Jamestown colonists to West Indian tobacco in 1616.
Tobacco soon became the lifeblood of Jamestown colony, bringing in much
revenue and many immigrants eager for a share in the colony’s expanding wealth.
• John Rolfe
Colonial Period
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Passage of Intolerable Acts led to the establishment of what political
body in colonial America?
First Continental Congress
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An English Quaker, who founded Pennsylvania in 1682, after
receiving a charter from King Charles II the year before. He launched the colony as a “holy experiment” based on religious
tolerance.
• William Penn
Colonial Period
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Fishing rights off the coast of Canada
British recognition of US independence
Western Boundary on Mississippi River
Treaty of Paris
Revolutionary America
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Capitalized on the complaints of his fellow poor farmers, and
went on to lead a rebellion against local native villages, Successful in defeating Sir
William Berkley's forces, and then set fire to Jamestown
Nathaniel Bacon
Colonial Period
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Farmer’s revolt in Mass. Against collection of state taxes
States refusing to honor Treaty of Paris
Worthless paper money printed in many states
States restricting trade with one another
Dissatisfaction with Articles of Confederation
Colonial Period
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A large estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical
areas) – THINK Southern Colonies and West Indies
plantation
Colonial Period
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Founded in 1636 by Thomas Hooker because of previous religious disagreements, it
led to the 1st written constitution in North
America (Fundamental Orders). Connecticut
Colonial Period
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It was a time of religious fervor during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement arose in reaction to the
rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the Enlightenment. Protestant ministers held revivals throughout the English
colonies in America, stressing the need for individuals to repent and
urging a personal understanding of truth.
• First Great Awakening
Colonial Period
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Passed under the mercantilist system, they (1651-1673) regulated trade in
order to benefit the British economy. They restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods
to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the
production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial
competition in large scale manufacturing.• Navigation Acts
Colonial Period
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This group argued that the Constitution lacked a Bill of
Rights
Anti-Federalists
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They were usually white adult males who bound themselves to labor in the colonies for a fixed number or years in order to secure their freedom. Some
immigrants came to the colonies willingly, while others were criminals,
and still others were kidnapped or manipulated into coming in order to remedy the severe labor shortage in
the colonies.• Indentured servitude
Colonial Period
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Federalist Papers were written by these men
Hamilton, Madison, Jay
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He was an English explorer who established England’s first
American colony in 1585. This settlement was off the coast of
North Carolina, on Roanoke Island.
Sir Walter Raleigh
AGE OF EXPLORATION
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This was added to the Constitution protect
individual liberties from the power of the federal
government
Bill of Rights
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Throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the English
government did not enforce those trade laws that most harmed the colonial
economy.
It’s purpose was to ensure the loyalty of the colonists in the face of the French
territorial and commercial threat in North America. The English ceased practicing it following British victory in the French and
Indian War.• Salutary neglectColonial Period
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Fancy word for 2 house legislature (this was a trend
in colonial government)?
bicameral
Colonial Period
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To have a healthy one, a nation should have more
exports than imports
Balance of Trade
Colonial Period
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Under the Articles of Confederation, sovereignty was in the hands of the……
States
Colonial Period
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Great example of an early Joint-Stock Company (think
about Jamestown).
Virginia Company
Colonial Period
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Name of the rebellion that occurred under the
government of the Articles of Confederation
Shay’s Rebellion
Colonial Period
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To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all
other powers, vested by this Constitution in the
Government of the United States
Elastic clause
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Intolerable Acts led to this political body
First Continental Congress
Colonial Period
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Ideas of an englishman and frenchman strongly
influenced the Constitution
John Locke and Montesquieu
Colonial Period
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Europeans brought:crops: wheat, rice, coffee, bananas, and olives; and animals: horses, cows, pigs, and chickensDiseases: yellow fever, smallpox, and malaria
Americas contributed:crops: corn, potatoes, tomatoes, lima beans,
squash, peanuts, cassava, cacao, and pineapple a virulent form of syphilis
Columbian Exchange
AGE OF EXPLORATION
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Roger Williams started this colony in 1636 which had total religious freedom and
separation of church and state.
Friendly to Native Americans
becomes most religiously and politically (liberal) tolerant colony = DIVERSITY!
safe haven for unorthodox faiths?
Rhode Island
Colonial Period
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During the debates on the Constitution, agreement on the respective powers of the House and Senate and representation
of House and Senate
Great Compromise
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A general term for any one of a group of Spanish explorers in the
New World who sought to take control, establish dominance, and
prosper from the natural resources, including gold. They
established a large empire stretching from Mexico to Chile.
Conquistador
AGE OF EXPLORATION
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Creation of U.S. bankCollection of Federal excise tax on
whiskeyPayment of state debts by federal
governmentTariffs to protect infant U.S.
industries
Hamilton’s financial programs
Early National Republic
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He effectively saved Jamestown from collapse in 1608, its first year
of existence. His initiatives to improve sanitation, to organize farming, and to build shelters dramatically lowered mortality
rates among Jamestown colonists.
John Smith
AGE OF EXPLORATION
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The first English settlement in the New World. It was off the coast of
North Carolina, established in 1587. Virginia Dare, the first
English child born on here. The settlement failed, and no one
knows what became of the people who first settled there.
Roanoke
AGE OF EXPLORATION
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These resolutions were in response to Alien and Sedition
Acts. It stated that states could nullify acts of Congress
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Early National Republic
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He published articles critical of British governor William Cosby. He was taken to trial, but found
not guilty.
The trial set a precedent for freedom of the press in the
colonies.John Peter Zenger
Colonial Period
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Established in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, is considered to be the first representative
government in the New World. It consisted of 22
representatives from 11 districts of colonists.
• House of Burgesses
Colonial Period
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In the absence of government funding, these formed to accrue funding for
colonization through the sale of public shares. They dominated English
colonization throughout the seventeenth century.
• Joint-stock companies
Colonial Period
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Set up by the Puritans of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, it was
a church system in which each local church served as the center
of its own community. This structure stood in contrast to the Church of England, in which the
single state church held sway over all local churches.
• Congregationalism
Colonial Period
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A dissenter, he clashed with Massachusetts Puritans over the issue of separation of church and state. After being banished from
Massachusetts in 1636, he traveled south, where he founded the colony of Rhode Island, which granted full religious freedom to
its inhabitants.• Roger Williams
Colonial Period
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Name for business under the mercantilist system which linked
England, its colonies in North America, the West Indies, and Africa.
New England rum was shipped to Africa and traded for slaves, who were brought to the West Indies and traded for sugar and molasses, which went
back to New England.• Triangular Trade
Colonial Period
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They were English Protestants who would not accept
allegiance in any form to the Church of England. Example:
the Pilgrims, founded Plymouth Plantation and went on to other
settlements in Rhode Island and elsewhere in New England.
• Separatists
Colonial Period
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In 1692, several girls accused their neighbors of witchcraft. More than 100 people were tried as witches, and 19 women and one man were executed. Puritan minister Cotton Mather eventually helped stop the trials and executions. Where did
this occur?
• Salem, Massachusetts
Colonial Period
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They were a Protestant group aiming to “cleanse” the Anglican Church. In the early 1600s, they suffered religious persecution
in England and emigrated to the Americas. The first group of them established the
Massachusetts Bay Colony in Boston. From Boston, their influence in North America
spread throughout the region of New England and with it came a focus on family
life and a pious restraint of passion.
• Puritans
Colonial Period
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They were a group of English Separatists who had originally
sought refuge in the Netherlands. In 1620, they sailed to Plymouth
on the Mayflower and established the colony of Plymouth Plantation.
• Pilgrims
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1st common experience of colonies
New protestant divisions grew: (Baptists and Methodists)
New universities were created: Dartmouth, Rutgers, Princeton
First Great Awakening - results
Colonial Period
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Itinerant preacher, great speaker he helped start the
Great Awakening, also a leader of the "New Lights."
George Whitefield
Colonial Period
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Delivered famous “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
sermon (1741) and is credited for starting the First
Great Awakening.
Jonathan Edwards
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English Political Party
favored changes (liberal)
wanted strong parliament
Whigs
Colonial Period
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Started Maryland as a religious haven for Catholics.
Lord Baltimore
Colonial Period
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Believed in the power of one’s “inner light” or that
the power of God resided in the soul of the individual. They led to William Penn’s
“Holy Experiment”
Quakers
Colonial Period
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A pilgrim that lived in a north colony called Plymouth
in 1620 and was chosen governor 30 times.
William Bradford
Colonial Period
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The Southern Colonies (names)?
Chesapeake (Virginia, Maryland), Carolinas, and Georgia
Colonial Period
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King James II of England decreed the creation of this as a measure to enforce the
Navigation Acts and to coordinate the mutual
defense of colonies against the French and hostile
Native Americans. Dominion of New England
Colonial Period
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Large farming estates, large tracks of land, popular in the
south.
Plantation System
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“First constitution" in colonial America, drafted by Thomas Hooker (hint) and others; served as a model for future constitutions; power of government to come from the people.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639
Colonial Period
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He founded Connecticut in for religious reasons
(Massachusetts bay was too strict). Led to the
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut!
Thomas Hooker
Colonial Period
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To vote in a puritan church you had to be a member of elect, to be an member of the elect you had to have
this? You had to document “this” to be a member of the
“elect”. conversion experience
Colonial Period
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This act was created because of the fear that more
Protestants would come to Lord Baltimore’s colony, and
persecute the Catholics there. It stated, if you believed in the divinity of Jesus then you had
religious freedom. Maryland Act of Religious Toleration 1649
Colonial Period
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Middle colonies consisted of? –
Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware
Colonial Period
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Founder and governor of the Georgia colony (a debtor
colony and buffer colony to protect the Carolinas from
raids from Spanish Florida).
James Oglethorpe
Colonial Period
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When King James II was dethroned and replaced by
King William of the Netherlands, the colonists of
New York started this rebellion?
It represented the poor and working class, resulting in class
tension. Leisler's Rebellion
Colonial Period
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Puritans moved across the Atlantic seeking religious
freedom and a new start (in large numbers during the
1630s-1640s).
The Great Puritan Migration
Colonial Period
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Mass Bay Colony (economy) primarily consisted of?
Primarily fishing, shipbuilding and timber
Colonial Period
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a dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in the Puritan community. She was expelled from the colony in 1637 and traveled southward
with a number of her followers, establishing the settlement of
Portsmouth, Rhode Island.• Anne Hutchinson
Colonial Period
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It applied to those members of the Puritan colonies who were
the children of church members, but who hadn’t achieved a “conversion
experience” themselves. It allowed them to participate in
some church affairs.Halfway Covenant
Colonial Period
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Indians who fought with Jamestown colony,
Pocahontas was one. John Smith helped have friendly
relations with them?
Powhatans
Colonial Period
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one of the strongest and longest lasting Native
American alliancesNearly wiped out New
France
Iroquois League/Confederation
Colonial Period
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power to tax and spend public money
power of the purse
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required that a man's real property pass in its entirety
to his oldest son
Primogeniture
Colonial Period
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Founded by James Oglethorpe in 1733 as a debtors haven and also served as a buffer state
between (rich) South Carolina and Spanish Florida.
Georgia
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William Penn's title for his colony in Pennsylvania, dealt fairly with Indians, freedom
of religion
“Holy Experiment”
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Unpopular governor ( harsh rule and heavy taxes) of New
Netherlands who swore to defend the city, but the
colonists refused to help him. In the end, he surrendered to
the English without firing a shot.
Peter Stuyvesant
Colonial Period
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A colony settled in Virginia to make money. It was the
first permanent English settlement. Founded in 1607
by the Virginia company (joint-stock company)
Jamestown
Colonial Period
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Daughter of Powhatan, member of Powhatan tribe, saved captain John Smith's life and married John Rolfe
(led to a time of peace between the English and the
Indians)Pocahontas
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Founded by Lord Baltimore, safe haven for Catholics,
created the Act of Religious Toleration (1949) and had
tobacco plantations?
Maryland
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Colony founded in 1620 by the separatist Pilgrims who
came over on the Mayflower. Located on Cape Cod in New
England.
Plymouth
Colonial Period
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Native American who had lived in Europe and spoke
English. He helped the Pilgrims learn to fertilize soil on their farms and establish relations with Massasoit, a chief of the Wampanoags
Squanto
Colonial Period
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One of the first colonies in New England; established in 1630
by puritans. John Winthrop was first governor and Boston was
capital. Brought lots of families and grew as a result of the Great Puritan Migration?
Mass. Bay Colony
Colonial Period
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a purely democratic form of government common in the Middle
and New England colonies (especially New England)
voting population would meet once a year to elect officers, levy
taxes, and pass laws
EXAMLE OF SELF GOVERNMENT Town meetings
Colonial Period
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New England Colonies?
Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire
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Middle Colonies?
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
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Southern Colonies
Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
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the oldest college in America (1636), which reflected
puritan commitment to an educated ministry
Harvard
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WHO: Wampanoags and Narragansetts were angry
about losing more land to colonists.
WHAT:tribes united to drive English off of land
RESULTS:thousands died, many villages (52) burned
3,000 Native Americans, 1,000 colonistslast major attempt to stop colonial spread in New
England
King Philip’s War
Colonial Period
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English Political Party
favored little change (conservative)
favored powerful monarch
Tories
Colonial Period