Unit 3 Primates Chapter 14 Primate Patterns. What are primates? Live in tropical climates South...
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Transcript of Unit 3 Primates Chapter 14 Primate Patterns. What are primates? Live in tropical climates South...
Unit 3 Primates
Chapter 14
Primate Patterns
What are primates?
• Live in tropical climates
• South America• Africa• Asia
6 distinguishing traits
• 1. 5 digit hands w/ opposable thumb
• 2. Nonspecialization (no flippers, claws, etc)
• 3. Limb flexibility (rotate arms, hands 180 degrees)
• 4. Nails rather than claws
• 5. Visual acuity (needed for arboreal species, smell less important the higher you go)
• Frontally directed eyes• Stereoscopic (3D)
vision• Color vision (animals fly
or live in trees)• 6. Upright posture
Primate classificationsOld world vs. New world
• Old world• Africa and Asia• Prosimians- ancestors of
modern primates• Small, nocturnal,
arboreal, eat veggies and insects
• Apes- from old world monkeys
• Gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimp, bonobos, humans
• New world monkeys• Evolved after
prosimians• Larger skulls• Greater intelligence• Full color, 3D vision
Evolutionary relationships of great apes
Characteristics that distinguish apes from
monkeys• 1. No tail
• 2. Arms longer than legs
• 3. Family Pongidae– Gorilla = Gorilla gorillas– Orangutan = Pongo pygmaeus– Chimpanzee = Pan troglodytes– Bonobo = Pan paniscus
Prosimians- first primates to evolve
• Creepers (slow)• Lorises• Nocturnal• Arboreal• Eat foul smelling and
bad tasting insects• Solitary• Small body, large eyes
• Leapers• Lemurs• Diurnal (active
during day)• Madagascar• Long ringed tail• Live in troops ~25• Trees and ground
• Lemurs cont.• Female dominance• Males migrate• Females prefer less
dominant males• Scent markings and
calls• Genitals swell during
estrus• 4 month gestation
New world monkeys
• Callers• Howler monkeys• Arboreal• Diurnal• Rainforest• Eat leaves• Prehensile tail
• Howler monkeys cont.
• Slow moving• Loud calls by males• Groups of 3-20• Division of labor
• Squabblers• Squirrel monkeys• White faces, dark
eyes, dark mouth• Tails not prehensile• Diurnal• Very active
• Squirrel monkeys cont.
• Large multimale troops
• Rainforest• Eat fruits, flowers,
insects• One offspring/year
Old world monkeys
• Lookers• Guenons (Blue
monkeys)• Africa, jungle• Arboreal• Small• Omnivores
• Blue monkeys cont.• Troops ~20• One dominant male,
many females• Low pitch
communication• Concealed estrus• Many diff facial and
body markings• Diff species Guenons
can interbreed
• Walkers• Savanna baboons• Ground dwelling• Largest monkey
species (150 lb males)• Sexual dimorphism• Females much smaller• Dagger like canines
• Baboons cont.• Live in troops ~30-50• Open grasslands• Travel and forage, eat
whatever• Diurnal• Bare tissue on rear is
callused• Do not build nests
• Baboons cont.• Dominance hierarchy
involving teamwork and social maneuvering by males
• Female rank determined by mother
• Social bonds w/ grooming• Alpha male directs
movement• Adolescent males leave to
find own troop
• Baboons cont.• Females genitals swell
during estrus and scent pheromones released
• Females present rump to males
• All primates have a period
• 28 days• Babies evoke interest in
members, help care for