Unit 3 Pre Civil War
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Transcript of Unit 3 Pre Civil War
Unit 3 Pre Civil War
Land SettlementsLouisiana PurchaseMissouri Compromise Land of CottonIndustrial Revolution
Louisiana Purchase◦New ruler of France Napoleon
Bonaparte wanted to build and expand a French empire Hoped to regain French land in North
America In 1800 in a secret treaty was signed
giving Louisiana and New Orleans back to France
◦Access to New Orleans was vital to American commerce Farmers in the west needed to ship their
goods down the river 1802, port of New Orleans was closed to
American shipping
Lewis and Clark Expedition
Lewis and Clark Expedition ◦ Americans knew very little about the people and
land of this new territory ◦ Didn’t even know the exact size and boundaries
they purchased ◦ Jefferson also wanted to see if there was a river
route to the Pacific Ocean◦ Lewis and Clark
Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis was Jefferson’s secretary and William Clark was an experience frontiersman
Main Goal was to reach the Pacific Ocean Left St Louis May 1804- returned September 106 Along the way they acquired a valuable guide: a young
Shoshone woman, Sacagawea Able to document survey of the land, rivers, plants,
animals and people
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29T_40F_Urc&feature=related
Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise
◦1819 Missouri applied to join the Union, but there were 22 states already in the Union: 11 free states and 11 slave states In the North slavery was illegal and in the
South slavery was legal Adding Missouri would make it uneven
◦Compromise Missouri added as a slave state, Maine added
as a free state Banned slavery in the Northern part of the
Louisiana Territory north of 36 30 parallel
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution-replacement
of human power with machine power◦Began in Great Britain’s textile
industry(clothing industry) Late 1700’s a series of machines were
invented that used power from running water and steam engines to spin and weave cloth
British made it illegal for anyone with knowledge of industrial machines to leave the country
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc
◦Samuel Slater Worked at a textile mill in Great Britain
and boarded a ship dressed as a farm laborer
Known as the father of the Industrial Revolution
Built a textile mill on a river which became the first US textile mill
◦Urbanization Industrialization leads to urbanization People left the farm for the cities to work
in mills and factories
Transportation RevolutionTransportation and
Communication ◦Roads and Canals
National Road was built in 1811: 800 miles from Cumberland Maryland to Vandalia Illinois
◦Erie Canal-1825 363 mile long canal connected the Great
lakes to the Hudson River and to the Atlantic Ocean
Cost of shipping and the shipping time decreased
Led to New York City becoming a gateway for domestic and foreign trade
◦Steamboat 1807 Robert Fulton started the first steamboat
service with his steamboat the Clermont
◦Railroads 1840 there were 3,000 miles of track in the
country Led to the decline in the canal craze
◦Telegraph 1840 Samuel Morse patented the first telegraph-
sends messages through electricity in wires Telegraph wires would soon crisscross the nation Industrial Revolution was accompanied by a
transportation revolution and a communication revolution
King Cotton King Cotton
◦Cotton gin: invented by Eli Whitney allowed a worker to clean 50 times more cotton than by hand Demand for cotton was high in the south both at
home and abroad With the textile industries booming in the North
cotton was needed
◦Combination of the new cotton gin and the huge demand for cotton encouraged farmers to begin growing more and more cotton Growing cotton was a way to get rich very quickly Such a huge part of the economy in the South it was
known as “King Cotton”
◦Spread of Slavery Growing cotton was a very labor intensive
enterprise Farmers turned to enslaved African
Americans to raise and pick the cotton As the farmers became wealthier, the size
of their plantation grew as well and so was the need for labor
Planters knew that the more slaves they used, the more cotton they could grow and the more money they make, making it a powerful incentive to maintain slavery in the South
Differences in the North and South ◦Northern economy was centered
around the Industrial Revolution and trade while the South focused on agriculture Urbanization spread much more rapidly
in the North Southerners saw little need for labor
saving devices
◦Largest difference was about slavery Vital part of the Southern Economy Northerners viewed it as an evil