Unit 3 Lesson 1 - crsd.org

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Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company

Unit 3 Lesson 1 Earth’s Support of Life

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Prime Time Prep:

Write down 2 things

you think you know

about Global

Climate Change

and

2 questions you

have about GCC

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Living It Up


What do living things need to survive?

• The basic necessities of life are air, water, a source of energy, and a habitat to live in.


Plate tectonics

#2

Evidence

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGcDed4xVD4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hSdlQ8x7cuk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5q8hzF9VVE

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How do Earth and the sun interact to support life on Earth?

• In this way, energy from the sun is passed from plants to other organisms.



• During photosynthesis, plants use the sun’s energy, carbon dioxide, and water to produce oxygen and glucose.

• Plants form the foundation of many food chains. Some animals eat plants to gain energy. Other animals eat these animals.

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• Earth’s rotation allows most regions of Earth to receive sunlight regularly.

• Regular sunlight allows plants to grow in almost all places on Earth.



• Earth's rotation also protects areas on Earth from temperature extremes.

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• Earth’s distance from the sun also protects it from temperature extremes.

• If Earth were closer to the sun, it might be like Venus, which is too hot to support life. If it were farther away, it might be like Mars, which is too cold to support life.

• Earth’s temperatures range from below 0 °C (32 °F) to above 38 °C (100 °F), allowing life to survive in the coldest and hottest places on Earth.



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Which planet is too hot to support life. Which is too cold?



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Summary

• Right distance = temperature

• Sun’s energy = photosynthesis

• Earth’s rotation = regular light and heat

• Earth’s tilt = allows for seasons and

variations in climate around the world


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POP QUIZ:

Use your notes to answer this question: How do Earth and the sun interact to support life on Earth?

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As early Earth cooled, it released steam and other gases into the air. The steam formed clouds, water fell to Earth as rain, and Earth’s oceans began.

How did Earth get so much water?


Also, icy comets and meteors impacted Earth and added water to Earth’s oceans.

Water, Water Everywhere

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What is unique about Earth’s water?

• Earth is unique in the solar system because it contains water in the solid, liquid, and gas states. Most of the water is in liquid form.



• Liquid water is essential to life because cells need liquid water in order to perform life processes.

• Water remains a liquid on Earth because surface temperatures generally stay above the freezing point and below the boiling point of water.

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Extremophiles


• Extremophiles are organisms that live in extreme environments.

• The Antarctic has ice-covered lakes and cold, dry valleys, but life can still be found there.

• A type of worm called a nematode survives in the cold by producing antifreeze in its cells.

• The presence of extremophiles on Earth makes it seem possible for life to exist in the extreme conditions on other planets.

Extremophiles live in a wide variety of places, like Yellowstone National

Park's Grand Prismatic Spring

(National Park Service image by James Peaco)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_prismatic_spring.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_prismatic_spring.jpg

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Security Blanket


How does Earth’s atmosphere support life?

• An atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surround a planet, moon, or other space object.

• Some space objects have atmospheres, and some do not. It often depends on the strength of the object’s gravity.

• The gravity of Earth and Venus is strong enough to hold atmospheres in place. The gravity of Mercury and the Moon is too weak to hold atmospheres.


http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/sage/meteorology/lesson1/images/atmosphere&moon.jpg

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• Earth’s atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. It also has traces of carbon dioxide and other gases.



• Plants and some single-celled organisms use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis.

• Plants, animals, and most other organisms use oxygen to perform cell processes.

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• Earth’s atmosphere was originally just hydrogen and helium. These gases, being very light, escaped into space.

• Volcanoes released water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ammonia into the atmosphere. Solar energy broke ammonia apart into nitrogen and hydrogen.

• Bacteria used carbon dioxide to perform photosynthesis, releasing oxygen into the atmosphere.


http://scijinks.jpl.nasa.gov/atmosphere-formation

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• Earth's surface then radiates energy, which is absorbed and re-radiated by atmospheric gases through a process called the greenhouse effect.

• The greenhouse effect keeps Earth warmer than it would be if Earth had no atmosphere.



• As the sun’s radiation reaches Earth, some of it is reflected back into space, some is absorbed by atmospheric gases, and some is absorbed by Earth’s surface.

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• Earth has a protective ozone layer that blocks most ultraviolet radiation before it reaches Earth's surface.

• Each molecule of ozone is made up of three oxygen atoms. Some human-made chemicals have damaged the ozone layer.



• One type of solar radiation that can harm life is ultraviolet radiation. It can damage the genetic material in organisms.

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How does Earth’s atmosphere support life? • What is the greenhouse effect?

• How does the ozone layer protect living organisms?

http://www.gea-consulting.com/hvac-blog/bid/86725/Ozone-

Layer-Healing-but


https://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect16/originals/Fig16_8.jpg

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Key Topics:

http://www.gea-consulting.com/hvac-blog/bid/86725/Ozone-

Layer-Healing-but


https://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect16/originals/Fig16_8.jpg

The Sun – how does the sun help make life on Earth possible?

light

temperature

Earth’s rotation and tilt

Earth’s Water – compare amounts to other planets

How did Earth get its water?

How does water support life of Earth?

Earth’s Atmosphere – compare composition to other planets

What gases are in our atmosphere?

How did our atmosphere form?

How does our atmosphere support life on Earth?

Slide # 21 link

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/09/rising-seas/if-ice-melted-map?utm_source=NatGeocom&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=inside_20131017&utm_campaign=Content

Slide # 22 Firefox

http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2013/09/rising-seas/if-ice-melted-map?utm_source=NatGeocom&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=inside_20131017&utm_campaign=Content

Unit 3 Lesson 1 - crsd.org

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